Paris Metropolitan Area

The Paris metropolitan area () is a statistical area that describes the reach of commuter movement to and from Paris, France and its surrounding suburbs.

Overview

In 2020, France's national INSEE statistical bureau introduced the concept "aire d'attraction d'une ville" ( functional area), replacing the former "aire urbaine" (urban area). A functional area consists of an urban cluster and the surrounding commuting zone. This concept is consistent with the functional urban area as defined by Eurostat.

Created and used from 1996 by France's national INSEE statistical bureau to match international demographic standards, the ''aire urbaine'' (literally: 'urban area') was a statistical unit that described the suburban development around centres of urban growth. In 2011, the INSEE reclassified its largest ''aires urbaines'' into ''aires métropolitaines'' (literally: metropolitan areas) and ''grandes aires urbaines'' ('large urban areas'). With this change, the Paris metropolitan area became the largest in France.

In France, use of the term 'Paris metropolitan area' is limited to demographic and statistical studies, and, to date, it is not used in economic statistics — the traditional administrative subdivisions ''commune'', ''département'', and ''région'' are still referenced for this — though the media will employ it when referring to the electoral tendencies of France's largest cities. In 2010 the government passed a law that invited France's largest city 'metropoles' to work together as an intercommunitary entities (more or less described by the INSEE concept), but the lack of response by the following year moved the government to make the cooperation for many of France's largest cities obligatory, and Paris became a case study all on its own.

This latter initiative created the "Métropole du Grand Paris" (official translation: 'Greater Paris metropolitan authority'), a Paris-centred intercommunal cooperation effort enacted from January 1, 2016. The territory it covers is much smaller than the INSEE 'Paris metropolitan area' statistical area: it includes Paris, its neighbouring three departments (or ' petite couronne'), and a few bordering communes in the departments beyond.

Extent

As of 2022, the INSEE statistical Paris metropolitan area covers 1,929 communes.Aire d'attraction des villes 2020 de Paris (001)
INSEE With its , it extends significantly beyond Paris' administrative ÃŽle-de-France region (). Outside the ÃŽle-de-France region, it covers part of the departments Aisne, Aube, Eure

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