''Parides phaleucas'' is a species of

butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the Order (biology), order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. The ...

in the family

Papilionidae Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includes the larges ...

. It was described by

William Chapman Hewitson William Chapman Hewitson (9 January 1806, in Newcastle upon Tyne – 28 May 1878, in Oatlands Park, Surrey) was a British naturalist. A wealthy collector, Hewitson was particularly devoted to Coleoptera (beetles) and Lepidoptera (butterflies ...

in 1869. It is found in

Ecuador Ecuador ( ; ; Quechua: ''Ikwayur''; Shuar: ''Ecuador'' or ''Ekuatur''), officially the Republic of Ecuador ( es, República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Quechua: ''Ikwadur Ripuwlika''; Shuar: ''Eku ...

and

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

Description

''Parides phalaecus'' has a spatulate tail. The body is very hairy and the white band, which traverses both wings, is intersected by black veins. "A white band from costal margin of forewing to anal angle of hindwing, parallel to distal margin of forewing, shaded with black scaling on forewing and distally on hindwing, interrupted by the black veins; the band close to cell on both wings, wider in female than in male; female with white spot in cell of forewing; a row of red submarginal spots on hind wing, densely shaded with black on upperside, especially in male". Rothschild, W. & Jordan, K. (1906)
"A revision of the American Papilios"
''

Novitates Zoologicae ''Novitates Zoologicae: A Journal of Zoology in Connection With the Tring Museum'' was a British scientific journal devoted to systematic zoology. It was edited by Lionel Walter Rothschild and published between 1894 and 1948 by the Tring Museum ...

''. 13: 411-752. (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967) A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906)

Subspecies

There are two

subspecies In biological classification, subspecies is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed. Not all species ...

. *''P. p. phalaecus'' Ecuador *''P. p. nieva'' Möhn, 1999 in ''Butterflies of the World'' 8: 1, pl. 1, f. 1-4, type locality: Rio Nieva, 2500-3000 m, Amazonas, northern Peru.

Biology

The larva feeds on ''

Aristolochia ''Aristolochia'' () is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the type genus of the family Aristolochiaceae. Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in the most diverse clima ...

weberbaueri''

Taxonomy

''Parides phalaecus'' is a member of the ''ascanius''

species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

("Fringe-spots white. Hindwing with submarginal spots and usually also discal spots or dots, or a discal band; mostly with tail".) A quadrate whitish spot in space 2 of the forewings is quite peculiar of the ''ascanius'' group.Racheli, Tommaso an Olmisani. Luca (1998)
"A cladistic analysis of the genus ''Parides'' Hubner, [1819], based on androconial structures (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
. PDF. ''Neue Entomologische Nachrichten''. (Marktleuthen), 41:119-131. The members are :*''Parides agavus'' (Drury, 1782) :*''Parides alopius'' (Godman & Salvin, [1890]) :*''Parides ascanius'' (Cramer, [1775]) :*''Parides bunichus'' (Hübner,

821 __NOTOC__ Year 821 ( DCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Byzantine general Thomas the Slav leads a revolt, and secures control ...

:*''

Parides gundlachianus ''Parides gundlachianus'', the Cuban cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is an endemic species found only in Cuba. The name honours the Cuban naturalist Juan Gundlach. It is the brightest-coloured American swal ...

'' (C. & R. Felder, 1864) :*''

Parides montezuma ''Parides montezuma'', the Montezuma's cattleheart, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is native to the Americas. Description The upperside of the wings is black, without a band and with one row of red crescents along the hindwing ma ...

'' (Westwood, 1842) :*''Parides phalaecus'' (Hewitson, 1869) :*''

Parides photinus ''Parides photinus'', the pink-spotted cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It was first described by Edward Doubleday in 1844. Description ''Parides photinus'' has a wingspan reaching . Adults are black with the h ...

'' (Doubleday, 1844) :*''

Parides proneus ''Parides proneus'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in Brazil and Paraguay. Description Males and females:both wings with narrow white band, the red submarginal spots of the hindwing straight or slightly curved; ...

'' (Hübner,

831 __NOTOC__ Year 831 ( DCCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Byzantine–Arab War: Emperor Theophilos invades the Abbasid dominion ...

References

* *Lewis, H.L. (1974). ''Butterflies of the World'' Page 26, figure 19 *Möhn, Edwin (1999). ''Schmetterlinge der Erde'' Butterflies of the World Part VIII (8), Papilionidae V. ''New and rare Neotropical Papilionidae''. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books. *Möhn, Edwin (2006). ''Schmetterlinge der Erde.'' Butterflies of the World Part XXVI (26), Papilionidae XIII. ''Parides''. Edited by Erich Bauer and Thomas Frankenbach Keltern: Goecke & Evers; Canterbury: Hillside Books. (Supplement 13 in English - by Racheli) {{Taxonbar, from=Q7137041 Parides Butterflies described in 1869 Papilionidae of South America Taxa named by William Chapman Hewitson