''Parides lysander'', the Lysander cattleheart, is a species of

butterfly Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossi ...

in the family

Papilionidae Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful Butterfly, butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species. Though the majority are tropical, members of the family inhabit every continent except Antarctica. The family includ ...

. It is found in the

Neotropical realm The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropics, tropical Ecoregion#Terrestrial, terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperat ...

. The larvae feed on ''

Aristolochia ''Aristolochia'' () is a large plant genus with over 500 species that is the type genus of the family Aristolochiaceae. Its members are commonly known as birthwort, pipevine or Dutchman's pipe and are widespread and occur in the most diverse clim ...

'' species including '' A. huberiana'', '' A. sprucei'', '' A. littoralis'', '' A. ruiziana'', and '' A. leuconeura''. Gray1853CatLepInsCollBritMusPapilionidaePlate10supp

Subspecies

*''P. l. lysander'' Guianas *''P. l. parsodes'' (Gray,

853 __NOTOC__ Year 853 ( DCCCLIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * May 22 – A Byzantine fleet (85 ships and 5,000 men) sacks and destroys the port city of Damietta, lo ...

Brazil (Pará) *''P. l. brissonius'' (Hübner,

819 __NOTOC__ Year 819 ( DCCCXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – Emperor Louis I marries Judith of Bavaria in Aachen.Rogers, Barbara, Bernhard W. Scholz, and Nithard ...

Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, S.Peru, Brazil (Amazonas) *''P. l. mattogrossensis'' (Talbot, 1928) Brazil (Mato Grosso) *''P. l. antalcidas'' Tyler, Brown & Wilson, 1994 Brazil (Pará) *''P. l. orinocoensis'' Constantino, Le Crom & Salazar, 2002 Colombia

Description from Seitz

P. lysander Cr. (= ''phrynichus'' Fldr.). Male with white scent-wool in the fold of the hindwing. Outer margin of the forewing in the female rounded; the last two red spots on the hindwing separated, standing obliquely one under the other; female-f. ''parsodes'' Gray (= ''sonoria'' Gray) has a large white area on the forewing, composed of several spots: in the female -f. ''arbates'' Stoll (= ''anaximenes'' Fldr.) the forewing has only one white spot; whilst in the female-f. ''brissonius'' Gray (5b) the forewing has no white spot at all. A male with yellow instead of red spots on the forewing has been described as ab. ''bari'' Oberth. — This species is known from the whole of the Amazon, East Peru and East Ecuador, as well as from the Guianas and Bogota; it has not hitherto been found in Bolivia nor in Brazil proper. It is a swamp species and flies heavily over the wettest places in the shade of the woods.

Description from Rothschild and Jordan (1906)

A full description is provided by Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906) File:CramerAndStoll-uitlandsche kapellen vol. 4- pl 386.jpg File:Macrolepidoptera15seit 0019.jpg File:NovaraExpZoologischeTheilLepidopteraAtlasTaf8.jpg File:Oberthur 1879EtudEnt4Plate 4.jpg

Taxonomy

''Parides lysander'' is a member of the ''aeneas''

species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

:Edwin Möhn, 2007 ''Butterflies of the World'', Part 26: Papilionidae XIII. ''Parides'' Verlag Goecke & Evers Verlag Goecke & Evers The members are *''

Parides aeneas ''Parides aeneas'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm. The larva feeds on '' Aristolochia'' ''burchelli'' and ''A. barbata'' Subspecies *''P. a. aeneas'' Guianas, Surinam *''P. a. bolivar' ...

'' *'' Parides aglaope'' *''

Parides burchellanus ''Parides burchellanus'' is a species of swallowtail butterfly (family Papilionidae). It is endemic to Brazil. It is one of only two butterflies on the IUCN's ''100 Most Endangered Species in the World'', the other being '' Actinote zikani''. ...

'' *''

Parides echemon ''Parides echemon'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm. It is common and not threatened. Subspecies *''P. e. echemon'' Brazil (Pará) *''P. e. ergeteles'' (Gray, 853 Guianas, French Guian ...

'' *''

Parides eurimedes ''Parides eurimedes'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is commonly known as the mylotes cattleheart, Arcas cattleheart, pink-checked cattleheart, and true cattleheart. It is native to the Americas. Subspecies In 2004, Ge ...

'' – mylotes cattleheart, Arcas cattleheart, pink-checked cattleheart, or true cattleheart *''Parides lysander'' *''

Parides neophilus ''Parides neophilus'', the spear-winged cattleheart, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm. The larvae feed on '' Aristolochia trilobata'' and '' Aristolochia colombiana''. Subspecies *''P. ...

'' – spear-winged cattleheart *''

Parides orellana ''Parides orellana'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm. (Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas)). The larvae possibly feed on '' Aristolochia barbata''. Description from Se ...

'' *''

Parides panthonus ''Parides panthonus'', the panthonus cattleheart, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Guianas and Suriname. Subspecies *''P. p. panthonus'' (Suriname, the Guianas) *''P. p. barbotini'' Brévignon, 1998 (eastern French G ...

'' – panthonus cattleheart *''

Parides tros ''Parides tros'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm where it is endemic to Brazil. The larva feeds on ''Aristolochia'' species including '' A. rumicifolia'', '' A. cynanchifolia'' (''P. t. ...

'' *''

Parides zacynthus ''Parides zacynthus'' is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae. It is found in the Neotropical realm where it is endemic to Eastern Brazil. The larvae feed on ''Aristolochia'' species (including ''Aristolochia macroura'', ''Aristolo ...

References

* *Lewis, H. L., 1974 ''Butterflies of the World'' Page 26, figure 14 {{Taxonbar, from=Q3365076 Butterflies described in 1775 Parides Papilionidae of South America Taxa named by Pieter Cramer Lepidoptera of Colombia Lepidoptera of Brazil Lepidoptera of Ecuador Lepidoptera of Peru