''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

sisorid catfish Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family includes about 235 species. Taxonomy The family Sisoridae is recog ...

es native to

Asia Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometres, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which ...

. These

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

are

rheophilic A rheophile is an animal that prefers to live in fast-moving water. Examples of rheophilic animals Insects *Many aquatic insects living in riffles require current to survive. *'' Epeorus sylvicola'', a rheophilic mayfly species ( Ephemeroptera ...

catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the

Brahmaputra The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river which flows through Southwestern China, Northeastern India, and Bangladesh. It is known as Brahmaputra or Luit in Assamese, Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibetan, the Siang/Dihang River in Arunachali, and ...

drainage in

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

, east and south to the

Yangtze The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ) is the longest river in Eurasia and the third-longest in the world. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau and flows including Dam Qu River the longest source of the Yangtze, i ...

drainage in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

and the

Annamese Cordillera The Annamite Range (; ) is a major mountain range of Mainland Southeast Asia, extending approximately through Laos, Vietnam, and a small area in northeast Cambodia. Geography The highest points of the Annamite Range are the -high Phou Bia, th ...

drainages in southern

Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of about and a population of over 100 million, making it the world's List of countries and depende ...

. Two species are known from the

Mekong River The Mekong or Mekong River ( , ) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's List of rivers by length, twelfth-longest river and List of longest rivers of Asia, the third-longest in Asia with an estimated l ...

: ''P. myzostoma'' and ''P. gracilicaudata''. Four species are known from the (upper Mekong River) drainage of China: ''P. abbreviatus'', ''P. gracilicaudata'', ''P. myzostoma'' and ''P. prolixdorsalis''.

Taxonomy

The

monophyly In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent comm ...

of this genus remains doubtful. In 2007, a study rejected the monophyly of this genus. The

premaxilla The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammals h ...

ry tooth bands in the catfish tribe Glyptosternina are important in identifying genera; in ''Pareuchiloglanis'', the tooth band is divided into two patches, appearing in two types. In one type, the premaxillary tooth patches appear separate, divided down the middle by a deeper indentation; this type is characteristic in ''P. feae''. This group is distributed in and to the west of the

Lancangjiang River The Mekong or Mekong River ( , ) is a transboundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth-longest river and the third-longest in Asia with an estimated length of and a drainage area of , discharging of water ...

and overlaps the distribution of ''

Oreoglanis ''Oreoglanis'' is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae native to Asia. These fish live in fast-flowing streams in China, mainland Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They are mainly distributed in the Mekong, upper Salween and Irrawad ...

'', ''

Pseudexostoma ''Pseudexostoma'' is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae endemic to China. These species are restricted to the upper Salween (Nujiang River) and one upper branch of the Irrawaddy ( Dayinjiang River) in China. ''P. brachysoma'' is known only f ...

'' and ''

Exostoma ''Exostoma'' is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are distributed in the Brahmaputra drainage of north-eastern India, and east and south to the Salween drainages in Burma. ''E. berdmorei'' is found in the Sittang and S ...

''. In the other type, the premaxillary tooth patches appear to be joined with a shallow indentation in the middle; this type is characteristic of all other species of ''Pareuchiloglanis''. This group is distributed in and to the east of the Lancangjiang.

Species

There are currently 20 recognized species in this genus: * '' Pareuchiloglanis abbreviata'' X. Li, W. Zhou, A. W. Thomson, Q. Zhang & Y. Yang, 2007 * '' Pareuchiloglanis anteanalis'' S. M. Fang, T. Q. Xu & G. H. Cui, 1984 * '' Pareuchiloglanis brevicaudata'' V. H. Nguyễn, 2005 * '' Pareuchiloglanis feae'' ( Vinciguerra, 1890) * '' Pareuchiloglanis gracilicaudata'' ( Y. F. Wu & Y. Chen, 1979) * '' Pareuchiloglanis hupingshanensis'' Z. J. Kang, Y. X. Chen & D. K. He, 2016Kang, Z., Chen, Y. & He, D. (2016): ''Pareuchiloglanis hupingshanensis'', a new species of the glyptosternine catfish (Siluriformes: Sisoridae) from the middle Yangtze River, China. ''Zootaxa, 4083 (1): 109-125.'' * '' Pareuchiloglanis longicauda'' ( P. Q. Yue, 1981) * '' Pareuchiloglanis macrotrema'' (

Norman Norman or Normans may refer to: Ethnic and cultural identity * The Normans, a people partly descended from Norse Vikings who settled in the territory of Normandy in France in the 9th and 10th centuries ** People or things connected with the Norma ...

, 1925) * '' Pareuchiloglanis myzostoma'' (

, 1923) * '' Pareuchiloglanis namdeensis'' V. H. Nguyễn, 2005 * '' Pareuchiloglanis nebulifera'' H. H. Ng & Kottelat, 2000 * ''

Pareuchiloglanis phongthoensis ''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophile, rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra River, Brahmaputra dr ...

'' ( V. H. Nguyễn, 2005) * '' Pareuchiloglanis poilanei'' Pellegrin, 1936 * '' Pareuchiloglanis prolixdorsalis'' X. Li, W. Zhou, A. W. Thomson, Q. Zhang & Y. Yang, 2007 * '' Pareuchiloglanis rhabdura'' H. H. Ng, 2004 * '' Pareuchiloglanis robusta'' R. H. Ding, T. Y. Fu & M. R. Ye, 1991 * '' Pareuchiloglanis sichuanensis'' R. H. Ding, T. Y. Fu & M. R. Ye, 1991 * '' Pareuchiloglanis sinensis'' (

Hora Hora may refer to: Companies * Hora (company), a Romanian manufacturer of stringed musical instruments People, real & mythological * Hora (pl. Horae), figure from Greek mythology * Hora (surname) * Hora, a member of the Japanese duo Schwarz St ...

Silas Silas or Silvanus (; Greek: Σίλας/Σιλουανός; fl. 1st century AD) was a leading member of the Early Christian community, who according to the New Testament accompanied Paul the Apostle on his second missionary journey. Name and ...

, 1952) * '' Pareuchiloglanis songdaensis'' H. D. Nguyễn & V. H. Nguyễn, 2001 * '' Pareuchiloglanis tamduongensis'' V. H. Nguyễn, 2005 * '' Pareuchiloglanis tianquanensis'' R. H. Ding & S. G. Fang, 1997

Description

''Pareuchiloglanis'' species have an interrupted groove behind their lips (post-labial groove),

gill A gill () is a respiration organ, respiratory organ that many aquatic ecosystem, aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow r ...

openings not extending onto the underside (venter),

homodont In anatomy, a heterodont (from Greek, meaning 'different teeth') is an animal which possesses more than a single tooth morphology. Human dentition is heterodont and diphyodont as an example. In vertebrates, heterodont pertains to animals where ...

dentition of pointed teeth in both jaws, tooth patches in the upper jaw joined into a band and not produced posteriorly at sides, and 13–16 branched pectoral rays. The head is depressed and the body is elongate and depressed anteriorly. The skin is smooth dorsally, but it is often tuberculate ventrally. The eyes are minute, dorsal, and under the skin (subcutaneous). The lips are thick, fleshy, and

papilla Papilla (Latin, 'nipple') or papillae may refer to: In animals * Papilla (fish anatomy), in the mouth of fish * Papilla (worms), small bumps on the surface of certain worms * Basilar papilla, a sensory organ of lizards, amphibians and fish * ...

ted. The paired fins are plaited to form an adhesive apparatus.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5014450 Sisoridae Catfish of Asia Freshwater fish genera Catfish genera Taxa named by Jacques Pellegrin