''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

sisorid catfish Sisoridae is a family of catfishes. These Asian catfishes live in fast-moving waters and often have adaptations that allow them to adhere to objects in their habitats. The family includes about 235 species. Taxonomy The family Sisoridae is recog ...

es native to

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

. These

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of ...

are

rheophilic A rheophile is an animal that prefers to live in fast-moving water. Examples of rheophilic animals Insects *Many aquatic insects living in riffles require current to survive. *'' Epeorus sylvicola'', a rheophilic mayfly species ( Ephemeropter ...

catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the

Brahmaputra The Brahmaputra is a trans-boundary river which flows through Tibet, northeast India, and Bangladesh. It is also known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibetan, the Siang/Dihang River in Arunachali, Luit in Assamese, and Jamuna River in Bangla. I ...

drainage in

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

, east and south to the

Yangtze The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest river in Asia, the third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains (Tibetan Plateau) and flow ...

drainage in China and the Annamese Cordillera drainages in southern

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making it ...

. Two species are known from the

Mekong River The Mekong or Mekong River is a trans-boundary river in East Asia and Southeast Asia. It is the world's twelfth longest river and the third longest in Asia. Its estimated length is , and it drains an area of , discharging of water annual ...

: ''P. myzostoma'' and ''P. gracilicaudata''. Four species are known from the (upper Mekong River) drainage of China: ''P. abbreviatus'', ''P. gracilicaudata'', ''P. myzostoma'' and ''P. prolixdorsalis''.

Taxonomy

The

monophyly In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gr ...

of this genus remains doubtful. In 2007, a study rejected the monophyly of this genus. The

premaxilla The premaxilla (or praemaxilla) is one of a pair of small cranial bones at the very tip of the upper jaw of many animals, usually, but not always, bearing teeth. In humans, they are fused with the maxilla. The "premaxilla" of therian mammal has ...

ry tooth bands in the catfish tribe Glyptosternina are important in identifying genera; in ''Pareuchiloglanis'', the tooth band is divided into two patches, appearing in two types. In one type, the premaxillary tooth patches appear separate, divided down the middle by a deeper indentation; this type is characteristic in ''P. feae''. This group is distributed in and to the west of the Lancangjiang River and overlaps the distribution of ''

Oreoglanis ''Oreoglanis'' is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae native to Asia. These fish live in fast-flowing streams in China, mainland Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. They are mainly distributed in the Mekong, upper Salween and Irrawa ...

'', ''

Pseudexostoma ''Pseudexostoma'' is a genus of fish in the family Sisoridae endemic to China. These species are restricted to the upper Salween (Nujiang River) and one upper branch of the Irrawaddy ( Dayinjiang River) in China. ''P. brachysoma'' is known onl ...

'' and '' Exostoma''. In the other type, the premaxillary tooth patches appear to be joined with a shallow indentation in the middle; this type is characteristic of all other species of ''Pareuchiloglanis''. This group is distributed in and to the east of the Lancangjiang.

Species

There are currently 21 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Pareuchiloglanis abbreviata ''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra drainage in India, east and sou ...

'' X. Li, W. Zhou, A. W. Thomson, Q. Zhang & Y. Yang, 2007 * ''

Pareuchiloglanis anteanalis ''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra drainage in India, east and sou ...

'' S. M. Fang, T. Q. Xu & G. H. Cui, 1984 * ''

Pareuchiloglanis brevicaudatus ''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra drainage in India, east and sou ...

Pareuchiloglanis poilanei ''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra drainage in India, east an ...

'' Pellegrin, 1936 * ''

Pareuchiloglanis prolixdorsalis ''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra drainage in India, east an ...

'' X. Li, W. Zhou, A. W. Thomson, Q. Zhang & Y. Yang, 2007 * '' Pareuchiloglanis rhabdura'' H. H. Ng, 2004 * ''

Pareuchiloglanis robusta ''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra drainage in India, east an ...

'' R. H. Ding, T. Y. Fu & M. R. Ye, 1991 * '' Pareuchiloglanis sichuanensis'' R. H. Ding, T. Y. Fu & M. R. Ye, 1991 * '' Pareuchiloglanis sinensis'' (

Hora Hora may refer to: Companies * Hora (company), a Romanian manufacturer of stringed musical instruments People * Hora (surname) * Hora (musician), member of the Japanese duo Schwarz Stein * Hora people, an indigenous people of Bolivia Places * ...

Silas Silas or Silvanus (; Greek: Σίλας/Σιλουανός; fl. 1st century AD) was a leading member of the Early Christian community, who according to the New Testament accompanied Paul the Apostle on his second missionary journey. Name and ...

, 1952) * '' Pareuchiloglanis songdaensis'' H. D. Nguyễn & V. H. Nguyễn, 2001 * '' Pareuchiloglanis tamduongensis'' V. H. Nguyễn, 2005 * ''

Pareuchiloglanis tianquanensis ''Pareuchiloglanis'' is a genus of sisorid catfishes native to Asia. These species are rheophilic catfish chiefly found in the headwaters of major rivers in South and East Asia. They originate from the Brahmaputra drainage in India, east an ...

'' R. H. Ding & S. G. Fang, 1997

Description

''Pareuchiloglanis'' species have an interrupted groove behind their lips (post-labial groove),

gill A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they ar ...

openings not extending onto the underside (venter),

homodont In anatomy, a heterodont (from Greek, meaning 'different teeth') is an animal which possesses more than a single tooth morphology. In vertebrates, heterodont pertains to animals where teeth are differentiated into different forms. For example ...

dentition of pointed teeth in both jaws, tooth patches in the upper jaw joined into a band and not produced posteriorly at sides, and 13–16 branched pectoral rays. The head is depressed and the body is elongate and depressed anteriorly. The skin is smooth dorsally, but it is often tuberculate ventrally. The eyes are minute, dorsal, and under the skin (subcutaneous). The lips are thick, fleshy, and papillated. The paired fins are plaited to form an adhesive apparatus.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5014450 Sisoridae Catfish of Asia Freshwater fish genera Catfish genera Taxa named by Jacques Pellegrin