In
chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules a ...
, a parent structure is the
structure
A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...
of an unadorned
ion or
molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are held together by Force, attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions that satisfy this criterion. In quantum physics, organic chemi ...
from which
derivatives can be visualized. Parent structures underpin
systematic nomenclature and facilitate classification. Fundamental parent structures have one or no
functional group
In organic chemistry, a functional group is any substituent or moiety (chemistry), moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions r ...
s and often have various types of symmetry.
Benzene
Benzene is an Organic compound, organic chemical compound with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal Ring (chemistry), ring with one hyd ...
() is a chemical itself consisting of a hexagonal
ring of carbon atoms with a hydrogen atom attached to each, and is the parent of many derivatives that have
substituent
In organic chemistry, a substituent is one or a group of atoms that replaces (one or more) atoms, thereby becoming a moiety in the resultant (new) molecule.
The suffix ''-yl'' is used when naming organic compounds that contain a single bond r ...
atoms or groups replacing one or more of the hydrogens. Some parents are rare or nonexistent themselves, as in the case of
porphine, though many simple and complex derivatives are known.
File:Benzene circle.png, Benzene
Benzene is an Organic compound, organic chemical compound with the Chemical formula#Molecular formula, molecular formula C6H6. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar hexagonal Ring (chemistry), ring with one hyd ...
is the parent.
File:Toluene-vec.svg, Toluene
Toluene (), also known as toluol (), is a substituted aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula , often abbreviated as , where Ph stands for the phenyl group. It is a colorless, water
Water is an inorganic compound with the c ...
is a derivative of benzene.
File:Porphyrin.svg, Porphine is the parent of porphyrins.
File:PPIXtransH.png, Protoporphyrin IX is a natural derivative of the parent porphine.
File:H2octaethylporphyrin.png, Octaethylporphyrin is a synthetic derivative of the parent porphine.
IUPAC definitions
According to the
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC ) is an international federation of National Adhering Organizations working for the advancement of the chemical sciences, especially by developing nomenclature and terminology. It is ...
, the concept of parent structure is closely related to or identical to parent compound, parent name, or simply parent.
Organic parents
These species consist of an unbranched chain of
skeletal atoms, or consisting of an unsubstituted
monocyclic or
polycyclic ring system.
[''Preferred IUPAC Names Provisional Recommendation'']
september 200
Chapter 1
Par. P-12.1 Parent structures bearing one or more
functional group
In organic chemistry, a functional group is any substituent or moiety (chemistry), moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions r ...
s that are not specifically denoted by a suffix are called functional parents. Names of parent structures are used in IUPAC nomenclature as basis for systematic names.
Hydride parents
A
parent hydride is a parent structure with one or more
hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has chemical symbol, symbol H and atomic number 1. It is the lightest and abundance of the chemical elements, most abundant chemical element in the universe, constituting about 75% of all baryon, normal matter ...
atoms. Parent hydrides have a defined standard population of hydrogen atoms attached to a skeletal structure. Parent hydrides are used extensively in
organic nomenclature, but are also used in inorganic chemistry.
Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry IUPAC Recommendations 2005
(Red Book) Par. IR-6 ''Parent Hydride Names and Substitutive Nomenclature'' - Full text PDF
File:Monophosphan.svg, Phosphine
Phosphine (IUPAC name: phosphane) is a colorless, flammable, highly toxic compound with the chemical formula , classed as a pnictogen hydride. Pure phosphine is odorless, but technical grade samples have a highly unpleasant odor like rotting ...
is the parent of phosphines.
File:Phenylphosphine-2D-skeletal.png, Phenylphosphine is a derivative of the parent phosphine.
File:TPPTS.png, 3,3′,3′′-Phosphanetriyltris(benzenesulfonic acid) trisodium salt is a derivative of the parent phosphine.
See also
*Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H−), a hydrogen ion with two electrons. In modern usage, this is typically only used for ionic bonds, but it is sometimes (and has been more frequently in the past) applied to all che ...
* Preferred IUPAC name
References
{{Reflist
Chemical nomenclature