''Paramysis'' (from the

Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...

affix ', "near", "beside", and the genus name ''

Mysis ''Mysis'' is a genus of mysid crustaceans in the family Mysidae, distributed mainly in the coastal zone of the Arctic and high boreal seas. Several species also inhabit northern freshwater lakes and the brackish Caspian Sea. Fifteen species are ...

'') is a genus of

mysid Mysida is an order of small, shrimp-like crustaceans in the malacostracan superorder Peracarida. Their common name opossum shrimps stems from the presence of a brood pouch or "marsupium" in females. The fact that the larvae are reared in thi ...

crustacean Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are traditionally a part of the subphylum Crustacea (), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthrop ...

s (

Mysidacea The Mysidacea is a group of shrimp-like crustaceans in the superorder Peracarida, comprising the two extant orders Mysida and Lophogastrida Lophogastrida is an Order (biology), order of malacostracan crustaceans in the superorder Peracarida, c ...

) in family

Mysidae Mysidae is the largest family of crustaceans in the order Mysida, with over 1000 species in around 170 genera. Characteristics Members of the family Mysidae are distinguished from other mysids by the fact that the first pereopod (walking leg) h ...

, distributed in coastal zone of low boreal East

Atlantic Ocean The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's five borders of the oceans, oceanic divisions, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. During the ...

Mediterranean Sea The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern Eur ...

and the basins of

Black Sea The Black Sea is a marginal sea, marginal Mediterranean sea (oceanography), mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bound ...

Sea of Azov The Sea of Azov is an inland Continental shelf#Shelf seas, shelf sea in Eastern Europe connected to the Black Sea by the narrow (about ) Strait of Kerch, and sometimes regarded as a northern extension of the Black Sea. The sea is bounded by Ru ...

and

Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, described as the List of lakes by area, world's largest lake and usually referred to as a full-fledged sea. An endorheic basin, it lies between Europe and Asia: east of the Caucasus, ...

( Ponto-Caspian Basin).

Biogeography

The majority of ''Paramysis'' species are brackish- or freshwater

endemics Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

of the Ponto-Caspian Basin; some of them naturally spread more than up large rivers, including the

Volga The Volga (, ) is the longest river in Europe and the longest endorheic basin river in the world. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchment ...

Don Don, don or DON and variants may refer to: Places *Don (river), a river in European Russia *Don River (disambiguation), several other rivers with the name * Don, Benin, a town in Benin * Don, Dang, a village and hill station in Dang district, Gu ...

Dnieper The Dnieper or Dnepr ( ), also called Dnipro ( ), is one of the major transboundary rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. Approximately long, with ...

and

Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...

. A number of Ponto-Caspian species have been introduced outside the native range. Marine species from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea have probably descended from ancient Ponto-Caspian populations.

Diversity

There are 24 species classified into 7 subgenera. Body length ranges from . The largest species, like ''P. eurylepis'', ''P. inflata'', are found only in the

. Generic characters: subrostral plate; large eyes on short stalk;

antennal scale An antenna (plural: antennae) is one of a pair of appendages used for sensing in arthropods. Antennae are sometimes referred to as ''feelers''. Antennae are connected to the first one or two segments of the arthropod head. They vary widely in ...

with smooth outer margin, ended by strong spine, and distal segment rudimentary with five setae; four segments of

pereiopod The anatomy of a decapod consists of 20 body segments grouped into two main body parts: the cephalothorax and the pleon (abdomen). Each segment – often called a somite – may possess one pair of appendages, although in various groups these m ...

1–4 carpopropodus; five segments in

pleopod The anatomy of a decapod consists of 20 body segments grouped into two main body parts: the cephalothorax and the pleon (abdomen). Each segment – often called a somite – may possess one pair of appendages, although in various groups these m ...

4 of male. Consumed by fishes; particularly important for juvenile

sturgeon Sturgeon (from Old English ultimately from Proto-Indo-European language, Proto-Indo-European *''str̥(Hx)yón''-) is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae. The earliest sturgeon fossils date to the ...

s and

zander The zander (''Sander lucioperca''), sander or pikeperch, is a species of ray-finned fish from the Family (biology), family Percidae, which also includes perch, Gymnocephalus, ruffe and Darter (fish), darter. It is found in freshwater and brackis ...

. Two extinct species, previously included into this genus, have been recently moved into extinct genus '' Sarmysis''.

Species

;Subgenus ''Paramysis''

sensu stricto ''Sensu'' is a Latin word meaning "in the sense of". It is used in a number of fields including biology, geology, linguistics, semiotics, and law. Commonly it refers to how strictly or loosely an expression is used in describing any particular c ...

*'' Paramysis baeri'' Czerniavsky, 1882 *'' Paramysis bakuensis'' G. O. Sars, 1895 *'' Paramysis eurylepis'' G. O. Sars, 1907 *'' Paramysis kessleri'' (Grimm in G. O. Sars, 1895) ;Subgenus ''Metamysis'' G. O. Sars, 1893 *'' Paramysis grimmi'' (G. O. Sars, 1895) *'' Paramysis inflata'' (G. O. Sars, 1907) *''

Paramysis ullskyi ''Paramysis'' (from the Greek language, Greek affix ', "near", "beside", and the genus name ''Mysis'') is a genus of mysid crustaceans (Mysidacea) in family Mysidae, distributed in coastal zone of low boreal East Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea ...

'' Czerniavsky, 1882 ;Subgenus ''Serrapalpisis'' Daneliya, 2004 *'' Paramysis incerta'' G. O. Sars, 1895 *'' Paramysis kosswigi'' Băcescu, 1948 *'' Paramysis lacustris'' (Czerniavsky, 1882) *'' Paramysis sowinskii'' Daneliya, 2002 ;Subgenus ''Mesomysis'' Czerniavsky, 1882 *'' Paramysis intermedia'' (Czerniavsky, 1882) ;Subgenus ''Nanoparamysis'' Daneliya, 2004 *'' Paramysis loxolepis'' (G. O. Sars, 1895) ;Subgenus ''Longidentia'' Daneliya, 2004 *'' Paramysis adriatica'' Wittmann, Ariani et Daneliya, 2016 *'' Paramysis helleri'' (G. O. Sars, 1877) *'' Paramysis kroyeri'' (Czerniavsky, 1882) *'' Paramysis nouveli'' Labat, 1953 *'' Paramysis agigensis'' Băcescu, 1940 ;Subgenus ''Pseudoparamysis'' Băcescu, 1940 *'' Paramysis bacescoi'' Labat, 1953 *'' Paramysis pontica'' ( Băcescu, 1940) ;''

Incertae sedis or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...

'' *'' Paramysis festae'' Colosi, 1922 *'' Paramysis portzicensis'' Nouvel, 1950 *'' Paramysis proconnesia'' Colosi, 1922 *'' Paramysis arenosa'' (G. O. Sars, 1877)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3864145 Mysida Malacostraca genera