The Regimento de Paraquedistas (formerly: Escola de Tropas Pára-Quedistas - Parachute Troops School), based in
Tancos, Portugal, is a unit of the
Portuguese Army
The Portuguese Army () is the land component of the Portuguese Armed Forces, Armed Forces of Portugal and is also its largest branch. It is charged with the defence of Portugal, in co-operation with other branches of the Armed Forces. With its ...
and serves as the instruction center for recruitment and training of the
Portuguese paratroopers. This unit includes an entire battalion, acting as support and reserve for
airborne units which contains for example, military war dogs and airborne
pathfinders and an instruction battalion responsible for the forming of new paratroopers.
The ''RPára'' is part of the
Rapid Reaction Brigade that includes other
elite
In political and sociological theory, the elite (, from , to select or to sort out) are a small group of powerful or wealthy people who hold a disproportionate amount of wealth, privilege, political power, or skill in a group. Defined by the ...
units
Unit may refer to:
General measurement
* Unit of measurement, a definite magnitude of a physical quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law
**International System of Units (SI), modern form of the metric system
**English units, histo ...
like the
army commandos and
Army Special Operations.
Like other Portuguese airborne units, the troops of the school are nicknamed "''Boinas Verdes''" (Green Berets) while recruits are nicknamed "''Catatuas''".
History
Origins
The Airborne Battalion
After the successful use of airborne forces in the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
by
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...
and the
Allies
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them. Members of an alliance are calle ...
, other armed forces began to examine the possibility of forming parachute
troops
A troop is a military sub-subunit, originally a small formation of cavalry, subordinate to a Squadron (cavalry), squadron. In many armies a troop is the equivalent element to the infantry section (military unit), section or platoon. Exception ...
for special missions. In 1955, Portuguese Defense Ministry cabinet approved a request for funds for airborne paratroop training.
Two Army captains went to
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
to take the French parachute course at the ''École de Troupes Aeroportèes''. After the
Portuguese Air Force
The Portuguese Air Force () is the air force, aerial warfare force of Portugal. Locally it is referred to by the acronym FAP but internationally is often referred to by the acronym PRTAF. It is the youngest of the three branches of the Portuguese ...
was created as an independent branch of the military, it was decided that the paratroopers would be part of the Air Force, much like the German organizational structure during the Second World War, but organized on NATO lines. The ''BCP - Batalhão de Caçadores Páraquedistas'' (Paratrooper Hunters Battalion) was formed in 1956. The paratroopers were issued unique
berets and
camo uniforms similar to those of the French troops. Airborne forces initially jumped using the venerable German tri-motored
Junkers Ju 52
The Junkers Ju 52/3m (nicknamed ''Tante Ju'' ("Aunt Ju") and ''Iron Annie'') is a transport aircraft that was designed and manufactured by German aviation company Junkers. First introduced during 1930 as a civilian airliner, it was adapted int ...
aircraft. The unit was first deployed to
Tancos, which still serves as headquarters for today's Portuguese airborne forces.
Colonial wars and the regiment
In 1961, conflict erupted in the African colonies, which soon evolved into a
series of guerrilla campaigns against Portuguese rule. Troops were required to fight in Africa, and the ''BCP'' became the RCP - the ''Regimento de Caçadores Pára-quedistas'' (Paratrooper Hunter, or Ranger
Regiment
A regiment is a military unit. Its role and size varies markedly, depending on the country, military service, service, or administrative corps, specialisation.
In Middle Ages, Medieval Europe, the term "regiment" denoted any large body of l ...
). By this time, the men were armed with the modern 7.62 mm
ArmaLite AR-10
The ArmaLite AR-10 is a 7.62×51mm NATO battle rifle designed by Eugene Stoner in the late 1950s and manufactured by ArmaLite (then a division of the Fairchild (aircraft manufacturer), Fairchild Aircraft Corporation). When first introduced in 1956 ...
infantry rifle, a weapon previously not seen in Western military forces.
[Afonso, Aniceto and Gomes, Carlos de Matos, ''Guerra Colonial'' (2000), pp. 183-184] The paratroopers liked the accuracy and mobility of the AR-10, but supplies were embargoed after initial deliveries were completed in 1960, and paratroopers were later issued the collapsible-stock variant of the m/961 (
G3) rifle.
As time went on, more airborne units were created in Angola, Mozambique, and other areas outside Portugal to fight the various separatist guerrilla movements.
Due to
Portuguese Air Force
The Portuguese Air Force () is the air force, aerial warfare force of Portugal. Locally it is referred to by the acronym FAP but internationally is often referred to by the acronym PRTAF. It is the youngest of the three branches of the Portuguese ...
control over airborne units, the paratroops' battalion numbers reflected their subordination to local Air Force commands. The following battalions of the regiment were assigned to the following Air Force regions:
* 1st Air Region (Air Force command over North Atlantic territories and mainland Portugal)- 11th (Portugal) and 12th (Guinéa-Bissau) Paratrooper Hunter Battalions
* 2nd Air Region (Air Force command over South Atlantic territories) - 21st Paratrooper Hunter Battalion (Angola)
* 3rd Air Region (Air Force command over the Indian Ocean territories) - the 31st and 32nd Paratrooper Hunter Battalions (Mozambique)
Paratrooper casualties
* 12th Paratrooper Hunter Battalion: 56 dead (3
officers, 6
sergeant
Sergeant (Sgt) is a Military rank, rank in use by the armed forces of many countries. It is also a police rank in some police services. The alternative spelling, ''serjeant'', is used in The Rifles and in other units that draw their heritage f ...
s and 47
soldiers
A soldier is a person who is a member of an army. A soldier can be a conscripted or volunteer enlisted person, a non-commissioned officer, a warrant officer, or an officer.
Etymology
The word ''soldier'' derives from the Middle English word ...
)
* 21st Paratrooper Hunter Battalion: 47 dead (5 officers, 9 sergeants and 33 soldiers)
* 31st Paratrooper Hunter Battalion: 39 dead (2 officers, 6 sergeants and 31 soldiers)
* 32nd Paratrooper Hunter Battalion: 18 dead (2 sergeants and 16 soldiers)
A total of 160 Portuguese paratroopers were
KIA.
On April 25, 1974, a military coup led by members of the Portuguese Armed Forces ended the authoritarian government regime in Portugal, and the country moved towards fully democratic elections. Shortly afterwards, peace negotiations with the various African colonies resulted in an end to the African wars, followed by the independence of Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau. Military reforms were instituted in Portugal in 1975, resulting in a reorganization of airborne forces.
In November 2007, a paratrooper was killed in a vehicle accident in Afghanistan.
Modern airborne forces structure
Parachute Troops Base School
On July 5, 1975, the BETP (''Base Escola de Tropas Pára-Quedistas'' or Parachute Troops Base School) was established on the basis of the ''RCP'', which was disbanded and integrated into the CTP (''Corpo de Tropas Paraquedistas'', Parachute Troops Corps or PTC) of the Portuguese Air Force.
The CTP is responsible for changing the paratroopers from a
counter-guerrilla
Counter-Guerrilla () is a Turkish branch of Operation Gladio, a clandestine stay-behind Anti-communism, anti-communist initiative backed by the United States as an expression of the Truman Doctrine. The founding goal of the operation was to erect ...
force to a conventional airborne force capable of fighting in a possible
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO ; , OTAN), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental organization, intergovernmental Transnationalism, transnational military alliance of 32 Member states of NATO, member s ...
vs
Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact (WP), formally the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance (TFCMA), was a Collective security#Collective defense, collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw, Polish People's Republic, Poland, between the Sovi ...
war, so a Light Paratrooper Brigade (BRIPARAS) was formed with three Paratrooper Battalions and a few support units. The Corps also raised several barracks across Portugal to garrison the new brigade, BOTP1 – ''Base Operacional de Tropas Pára-quedistas nº1'' (1st Paratrooper Operational Base) at
Monsanto
The Monsanto Company () was an American agrochemical and agricultural biotechnology corporation founded in 1901 and headquartered in Creve Coeur, Missouri. Monsanto's best-known product is Roundup, a glyphosate-based herbicide, developed ...
and BOTP2 at
São Jacinto; some troops were also garrisoned in the BETP at Tancos. The BRIPARA structure included:
* Brigade HQ
* BOTP1: 11th Paratrooper Battalion, Anti-Tank Company, Signals Company
* BOTP2: 21st Paratrooper Battalion, Services and Support Operational Group, Heavy Mortar Company
* BETP: 31st Paratrooper Battalion, Aerospace and Ground Operational Group
Army integration
In 1993, further changes in the organization of airborne forces took place when the Defense Minister decided that the entire corps should leave the Portuguese Air Force and become part of the
Portuguese Army
The Portuguese Army () is the land component of the Portuguese Armed Forces, Armed Forces of Portugal and is also its largest branch. It is charged with the defence of Portugal, in co-operation with other branches of the Armed Forces. With its ...
. This meant also that the
Commandos Regiment would be disbanded and the
commandos
A commando is a combatant, or operative of an elite light infantry or special operations force, specially trained for carrying out raids and operating in small teams behind enemy lines.
Originally, "a commando" was a type of combat unit, as opp ...
that had taken the parachute course would be part of the new unit which was named ''BAI - Brigada Aerotransportada Independente'' (Independent Airborne Brigade).
The BETP then changed its name again to ''ETAT - Escola de Tropas Aerotransportadas'' (Airborne Troops School), the Paratrooper Corp changed to the ''Comando de Tropas Aerotransportas'' (Airborne Troops Command) and all three Paratrooper Battalions changed to Airborne Infantry Battalions (BIAT). This new Army Airborne Brigade was bigger and more powerful due to the previous Air Force Light Paratrooper Brigade; they had replaced heavy mortars with 105 mm artillery guns and were equipped with light armor vehicles.
In territorial terms the BOTP1 was closed and BOTP2 changed its name to the São Jacinto Military Area. The units of the brigade that were not at Tancos (Airborne Support Battalion) or
São Jacinto (2nd BIAT) were now garrisoned at Army barracks (Regiments) like the 15th Infantry Regiment at
Tomar
Tomar (), also known in English as Thomar (the ancient name of Tomar), is a Portugal, Portuguese city and a municipality in the historical Ribatejo Portuguese Provinces of Portugal, province, and in Santarém District, Santarém district. The to ...
(1st BIAT), 3rd Infantry Regiment at Beja (3rd BIAT), 4th Artillery Regiment at Leiria (''Grupo de Artilharia Aerotransportada'' – Airborne Artillery Group), 3rd Cavalry Regiment at Estremoz (''Esquadrão de Reconhecimento Aerotransportado'' – Airborne Recon Squadron) and others. The BAI structure was:
* 15th Infantry Regiment: 1st BIAT, Services and Support Battalion
* São Jacinto Military Area: 2nd BIAT, Anti-Tank Company
* 3rd Infantry Regiment: 3rd BIAT
* 4th Artillery Regiment: Field Artillery Group
* ETAT: Aeroterrestrial Support Battalion
* Tancos Airfield: Signals Company
* Engineering Practical School: Engineering Company
* 3rd Cavalry Regiment: Recon Squadron
* 1st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment: Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battery
Elite Forces Brigade
The next reorganization of the Army though, changed the ''ETAT'' designation again to ''ETP – Escola de Tropas Páraquedistas'' (School of Parachute Troops) with the ''BAI'' being renamed and reorganized as
''BRR – Brigada de Reacção Rápida ''. The Airborne Troops Command was disbanded. Currently, airborne forces are under direct control of regular army commands, such as Land Forces Operational Command (operational units) or the Instruction Command (ETP – Paratrooper School).
The last reorganization of the Army changed ETP's name to the present Regimento de Paraquedistas (Paratroopers' Regiment), RPára.
The Elite Forces brigade is no longer a full deployable brigade, but rather an organizational structure that controls all the special trained army units.
The 3rd Airborne Infantry Battalion and Anti-Tank Company were disbanded and the other two BIAT were renamed Paratrooper Infantry Battalions (BIParas), the São Jacinto Military Area was renamed 10th Infantry Regiment, the Airborne Artillery Group and the Services and Support Battalion were transferred to the
Intervention Brigade and their no longer Airborne capable and the Engineering Company and the Anti-Aircraft Artillery Battery were reduced to platoon size.
This new
Rapid Reaction Brigade joined all remaining Paratrooper units together with
Army Special Operations and the reborn battalion-size
Army Comandos unit.
Finally a newly formed unit has joined BRR: UALE (Army Light Aviation Unit), which is waiting to be equipped with NH-90 TTH and a still-to-be-chosen light utility helicopter, possibly the
Eurocopter EC-135 or the
AgustaWestland AW109
The AgustaWestland AW109, originally the Agusta A109, is a lightweight, twin-engine, eight-seat multi-purpose helicopter designed and initially produced by the Italian rotorcraft manufacturer Agusta. It was the first all-Italian helicopter to b ...
.
BRR forces include:
* 15th Infantry Regiment: 1st BIPara
* 10th Infantry Regiment: 2nd BIPara
* RPára: Aeroterrestrial Battalion
* Commandos Troop Center: Commando Battalion
* Special Operations Troop Center: Special Operations Forces
* Army Light Aviation Unit: Army Helicopter Group, Signals Company
* 3rd Cavalry Regiment: Recon Squadron
* Engineering Practical School: Engineering Platoon
* 1st Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment: Air Defence Platoon
Candidate selection
General conditions
* Be a volunteer
* Be a Portuguese citizen
* Be at least 18 years old and 24 at the most for enlisted ranks
* Be psychophysically and physically fit
* Minimum height is 1.60m for males and 1.56m for females
* Clean criminal registry
* Minimum school grade required is the 9th for enlisted, 12th for NCOs and a college degree to officers
Admission tests
* Medical exams
* Sensorial exams
* Psychiatric and physical exams
* Biographic questionnaire
* Psychological interview
* Physical tests
Selection and training (parachute battalions)
Training to join one of the parachute battalions takes 30 weeks to complete. On completion, a successful candidate is expected to serve a minimum of two years.
This is broken down in the following stages:-
Basic training; This 5 weeks stage aims to provide the candidate with basic military training, with an introduction to military culture at this stage.
Additional training (stage 1); This 7 week stage aims to provide advanced military training, and combat technique is given at this stage.
Additional training (stage 2); This 5 week stage aims to provide the military with military leadership training, at this stage command and leadership modules are taught. This training is only for Officer, and Non-commissioned Officers.
Paratrooper course; This 11 week course enables the military to perform missions of a strategic, operational or tactical scope, with a high degree of independence and in conditions of great risk through a tactical parachute jump (air landing) or assault landing, of any type.
RPára courses
Formation courses
* Basic Instruction.
* Complementary Instruction.
** Pathfinder Auxiliary Course.
** Parachute Maintenance Course.
** Air Supply Operator Course.
** Trainer of Military dogs.
Qualification courses
* Parachute Course.
* Airborne Basic Course.
* Airborne Operations Course.
* Parachute Instructor Course.
* Free Fall Course.
* Operational Free Fall Course.
* Free Fall Instructor Course.
* Manual Jump Master Course.
* Pathfinder Course.
* Air Supply Instructor Course.
* Air Supply Inspector Course.
* Airborne Equipment Tecnic Course.
* Airborne Equipment and Parachutes Maintenance Course.
* Complementary Paratrooper Course (officers and sergeants).
* Complementary Paratrooper Course (soldiers).
RPára organization
The ''RPára'' is made of the following units:
* Instruction Battalion: responsible for the forming of paratroopers. (Recruitment, Parachute course, Combat course, etc.)
*
Aeroterrestrial Support Battalion:
** Airborne Equipment Company
** Airborne Supplying Company
**
Pathfinders Company
** Airborne Activity Center
** War Dogs Center
**Engineers Platoon
**Anti-aircraft artillery Platoon
**Heavy Mortars Platoon
**Anti-Tank Platoon
* Selection of Parachute Troops Center
See also
*
Airborne forces
Airborne forces are ground combat units carried by aircraft and airdropped into battle zones, typically by parachute drop. Parachute-qualified infantry and support personnel serving in airborne units are also known as paratroopers.
The main ...
*
Portuguese Army
The Portuguese Army () is the land component of the Portuguese Armed Forces, Armed Forces of Portugal and is also its largest branch. It is charged with the defence of Portugal, in co-operation with other branches of the Armed Forces. With its ...
*
Portuguese Air Force
The Portuguese Air Force () is the air force, aerial warfare force of Portugal. Locally it is referred to by the acronym FAP but internationally is often referred to by the acronym PRTAF. It is the youngest of the three branches of the Portuguese ...
*
Portuguese Paratroop Nurses
References
External links
*
{{coord missing, Portugal
Airborne regiments
Portuguese Army
Military of Portugal
Military installations in Portugal
Army regiments of Portugal