Papyrus 98 (in the
Gregory–Aland numbering), designated by 𝔓
98, is an early copy of the
New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus, as well as events relating to Christianity in the 1st century, first-century Christianit ...
in
Greek. It is a
papyrus
Papyrus ( ) is a material similar to thick paper that was used in ancient times as a writing surface. It was made from the pith of the papyrus plant, ''Cyperus papyrus'', a wetland sedge. ''Papyrus'' (plural: ''papyri'' or ''papyruses'') can a ...
manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has ...
of the
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation, also known as the Book of the Apocalypse or the Apocalypse of John, is the final book of the New Testament, and therefore the final book of the Bible#Christian Bible, Christian Bible. Written in Greek language, Greek, ...
. The manuscript
palaeographically had been assigned to years around 150–250.
Description
The surviving text of Revelation includes verses 1:13–2:1 in a fragmentary condition. The script is well-formed and large.
[Philip Comfort & David Barrett, ''The Text of the Earliest New Testament Greek Manuscripts'', Tyndale House 2001, p. 629.] It was formed in a scroll. The biblical text is on the side verso. On the recto is another documentary text dated to the end of the 1st century or the beginning of the 2nd century.
[ Side verso of the scroll was used for the biblical text at the end of the 2nd century.
It has an error of ]dittography
Dittography is the accidental, erroneous act of repeating a letter, word, phrase or combination of letters by a scribe or copyist. The term is used in the field of textual criticism, especially in critical studies of ancient or biblical literature ...
in the first line – περι̣εζωσμμ̣εν̣ον instead of περιεζωσμενον.[
]
Text
It is still not placed in any of Aland's Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek can be categorized into five theoretical groups, according to a schema introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in ''The Text of the New Testament''. The categories are based on how each manuscript relat ...
. "The text shows several differences from that printed in Nestle–Aland 27th".[
ecto]
περ]ι̣εζωσμμ̣εν̣ ν προς τοις μαστοις ζωνην
χρυεν :14/sup> και η κ̣ε αλη αυτου και αι τριχες λευκαι
ωςεριον λευκον ς χιων και οι οφθαλμοι αυτου ως
φλξ πυρος :15/sup> και ι ποδες αυτου ομοιοι χαλκολιβανω
ωςεν καμινω πε υρωμενης και η φωνη αυτου ως
φωνη υδατων π̣[ολλων [1:16/sup> και εχων εν τη δεξια χειρι
αυτου αστερες [ζ̅ και εκ του στοματος αυτου ρομ
φαια διστομος ο[ξεια εκπορευομενη και η οψις αυ
το̣υ ως ο η̣λ̣ιος φ[αινει εν τη δυναμει αυτου [1:17] και οτε ει
δ̣ο̣ν̣ αυτον ε[π]εσα [προς τους ποδας αυτου ως νεκρος
και εθηκε̣ τ̣η̣ν̣ [δεξιαν αυτου επ εμε λεγων
μη φοβ̣ ̣ ε̣γ̣ω̣ ιμι ο πρωτος και ο εσχατος [1:18/sup> και εγε
νομεν̣ ν̣εκ̣ρ̣ο̣[ς και ιδου ζων ειμι εις τους αιωνας
τ̣ω̣ν̣ α̣ι̣ω̣ν̣ω̣ν̣ [και εχω τας κλεις του θανατου και
του α̣δ̣ο̣υ̣ [1:19] γ̣ρ̣α̣ψ̣ο̣ν̣ [ουν α ειδες και α εισιν και α μελλει
γε̣ν̣ε̣[σ]θ̣α̣ι̣ [μετα ταυτα [1:20] το μυστηριον των ζ̅
α̣στερ̣ω̣ν̣ υς ειδες επι της δεξιας μου και τας
ζ̅ λυχνει[α [τας χρυσας οι ζ̅ αστερες αγγελοι των
ζ̅ εκκλησ̣ι̣ω̣ν̣ ε̣ι[σιν και αι λυχνιαι αι ζ̅ ζ̅ εκκλεσιαι
εισ]ι̣[ν [2:1] τω αγγελω της εν εφεσω εκκλησιας γραψον ταδε λεγ
ε̣ι̣ [ο κρατων τους ζ̅ αστερας εν τη δεξια αυτου ο
In Rev 1:18 it lacks the phrase as Latin Codex Gigas and some manuscripts of Vulgate
The Vulgate () is a late-4th-century Bible translations into Latin, Latin translation of the Bible. It is largely the work of Saint Jerome who, in 382, had been commissioned by Pope Damasus I to revise the Gospels used by the Diocese of ...
. It is the only Greek manuscript not containing this phrase.
History
The manuscript was probably written in Egypt.
The first publisher was Wagner in 1971,[G. Wagner, ''Cette liste d'objects divers ne fait peut-etre pas partie d'une lettre'', P. IFAO II (1971), 31.] who did not know that it was a biblical text. Hagedorn discovered that it was the text of Rev. 1:13–2:1.[
; Present location
The manuscript is currently housed at the ]Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
An institute is an organizational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body.
In some countries, institutes c ...
(P. IFAO inv. 237b a at Cairo
Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, L ...
.
See also
* List of New Testament papyri
References
Further reading
* D. Hagedorn, ''P.IFAO II 31: Johannesapokalypse 1,13-20,'' Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 92 (1992), pp. 243–247.
*
* Peter Malik
''Another Look at P.IFAO II 31 (𝔓98): An Updated Transcription and Textual Analysis''
" Novum Testamentum" 58 (2016), p. 204–217.
Image
Image from 𝔓98
{{DEFAULTSORT:Papyrus 0098
New Testament papyri
2nd-century biblical manuscripts
Early Greek manuscripts of the New Testament
Book of Revelation papyri