''Papiliolebias'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

fish A fish (: fish or fishes) is an aquatic animal, aquatic, Anamniotes, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fish fin, fins and craniate, a hard skull, but lacking limb (anatomy), limbs with digit (anatomy), digits. Fish can ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Rivulidae The Rivulidae are a family (biology), family of killifishes in the order (biology), order Cyprinodontiformes. They are commonly known as rivulids, South American killifish or New World killifish. The latter names are slightly misleading, however, ...

. These annual

killifish A killifish is any of various oviparous (egg-laying) cyprinodontiform fish, including families Aplocheilidae, Pantanodontidae, Cyprinodontidae, Fundulidae, Nothobranchiidae, Profundulidae, Aphaniidae and Valenciidae. All together, there ar ...

are

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found only in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also foun ...

to seasonal pools in the

Paraguay Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the Argentina–Paraguay border, south and southwest, Brazil to the Brazil–Paraguay border, east and northeast, and Boli ...

and upper

Madeira Madeira ( ; ), officially the Autonomous Region of Madeira (), is an autonomous Regions of Portugal, autonomous region of Portugal. It is an archipelago situated in the North Atlantic Ocean, in the region of Macaronesia, just under north of ...

river basins in northwestern Argentina, central and southeastern Bolivia, and western Paraguay.Nielsen, D.T.B. & Brousseau, R. (2014)
Description of a new annual fish, ''Papiliolebias ashleyae'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from the upper Rio Mamoré basin, Bolivia.
''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 20 (1): 53-59.''Valdesalici, S. & Brousseau, R. (2014)
A new ''Papiliolebias'' species (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) from Bolivian Amazon.
''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 20 (3): 117-122.''Valdesalici, S., Nielsen, D.T.B., Brousseau, R. & Phunkner, J. (2016): ''Papiliolebias habluetzeli'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) a new miniature annual fish from the upper Rio Mamoré, Bolivia. ''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 22 (4): 155-164.'' They are small fish, up to in

total length Fish measurement is the measuring of individual fish and various parts of their anatomies, for data used in many areas of ichthyology, including taxonomy and fishery biology. Overall length Standard length (SL) is the length of a fish measured f ...

. As typical of killifish, males are more colorful than females.

Species

''Papiliolebias'' and the closely related ''

Maratecoara ''Maratecoara'' is a genus of killifish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal pools, swamps and lagoons in the upper Araguaia–Tocantins and middle Xingu river basins in Brazil. Most are from savanna regions, ...

'', ''

Pituna ''Pituna'' is a genus of fish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal pools, swamps and lagoons in the Araguaia–Tocantins, Xingu, uppermost Paraná and Paranaíba river basins in Brazil. Most are from savanna r ...

'', ''

Plesiolebias ''Plesiolebias'' is a genus of fish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are endemic to seasonal pools, swamps and lagoons in the Araguaia–Tocantins, Xingu, and uppermost Paraguay (Pantanal) river basins in Brazil. They are small ...

'' and ''

Stenolebias ''Stenolebias'' is a genus of fish in the family Rivulidae. These relatively rare annual killifish are endemic to seasonal waters in the Pantanal in Brazil. They are small fish, up to in total length. Species ''Stenolebias'' and the closely r ...

'' form a

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

, Plesiolebiasini. There are currently 5 recognized species in ''Papiliolebias'': * '' Papiliolebias ashleyae'' D. T. B. Nielsen & Brousseau, 2014 * '' Papiliolebias bitteri'' ( W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989) * '' Papiliolebias francescae'' Valdesalici & Brousseau, 2014 * '' Papiliolebias habluetzeli'' Valdesalici, D. T. B. Nielsen, Brousseau & Phunkner, 2016 * '' Papiliolebias hatinne'' Azpelicueta, Butí & G. B. García, 2009

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7132985 Rivulidae Fish of South America Freshwater fish genera