''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of the lady slipper

orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Eart ...

subfamily ''

Cypripedioideae Cypripedioideae is a subfamily of orchids commonly known as lady's slipper orchids, lady slipper orchids or slipper orchids. Cypripedioideae includes the genera ''Cypripedium, Mexipedium, Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium'' and '' Selenipedium''. ...

'' of the flowering plant

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...

. The genus comprises some 80 accepted

taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

including several natural hybrids. The genus is native to

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Au ...

, the

Indian Subcontinent The Indian subcontinent is a physiographic region of Asia below the Himalayas which projects into the Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal to the east and the Arabian Sea to the west. It is now divided between Bangladesh, India, and Pakista ...

, southern

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu: ''Niu Gini''; , fossilized , also known as Papua or historically ) is the List of islands by area, world's second-largest island, with an area of . Located in Melanesia in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, the island is ...

and the

Solomon Solomon (), also called Jedidiah, was the fourth monarch of the Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy), Kingdom of Israel and Judah, according to the Hebrew Bible. The successor of his father David, he is described as having been the penultimate ...

and

Bismarck Islands The Bismarck Archipelago (, ) is a group of islands off the northeastern coast of New Guinea in the western Pacific Ocean and is part of the Islands Region of Papua New Guinea. Its area is about . History The first inhabitants of the archipelag ...

. The type species of this genus is '' Paphiopedilum insigne''.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> The species and their hybrids are extensively cultivated, and are known as either paphiopedilums, or by the abbreviation paphs in

horticulture Horticulture (from ) is the art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs and ornamental plants. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and mo ...

. Due to their popularity, Paphiopedilums have been ruthlessly gathered and poached from the wild, making them very rare or extinct there. As soon as a new species or population is discovered, poachers will take the plants for orchid collectors who pay large sums of money.

Habitat destruction Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss or habitat reduction) occurs when a natural habitat is no longer able to support its native species. The organisms once living there have either moved elsewhere, or are dead, leading to a decrease ...

is an additional factor contributing to their rarity.

Description

''Paphiopedilum'' species naturally occur among humus layers as terrestrials on the forest floor, while a few are true

epiphyte An epiphyte is a plant or plant-like organism that grows on the surface of another plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphyt ...

s and some are

lithophyte Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks. They can be classified as either epilithic (or epipetric) or endolithic; epilithic lithophytes grow on the surfaces of rocks, while endolithic lithophytes grow in the crevices of rocks (and are als ...

s. These

sympodial In botany, sympodial growth is a bifurcating branching pattern where one branch develops more strongly than the other, resulting in the stronger branches forming the primary shoot and the weaker branches appearing laterally. A sympodium, als ...

orchids lack

pseudobulb In botany, a pseudobulb is a storage organ found in many epiphytic and terrestrial sympodial orchids. It is derived from a thickening of the part of a stem between leaf nodes and may be composed of just one internode or several, termed ''heter ...

s. Instead, they grow robust shoots, each with several

leaves A leaf (: leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Leaves are collectively called foliage, as in "autumn foliage", while the leaves, stem, ...

; some are hemicryptophytes. The leaves can be short and rounded or long and narrow and typically have a mottled pattern. When older shoots die, newer ones take over. Each new shoot only blooms once when it is fully grown, producing a

raceme A raceme () or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate growth, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are ...

between the fleshy, succulent leaves. The roots are thick and fleshy. Potted plants form a tight lump of roots that, when untangled, can be up to 1 m long. Members of this genus are considered highly collectible by orchid fanciers due to the curious and unusual form of their flowers. Along with ''

Cypripedium ''Cypripedium'' is a genus of 58 species and nothospecies of hardy Orchidaceae, orchids; it is one of five genera that together compose the subfamily of lady's slipper orchids (Cypripedioideae). They are widespread across much of the Northern He ...

'', '' Mexipedium'', '' Phragmipedium'' and '' Selenipedium'', the genus is a member of the

subfamily In biological classification, a subfamily (Latin: ', plural ') is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank, next below family but more inclusive than genus. Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zo ...

, commonly referred to as the "lady's-slippers" or "slipper orchids" due to the unusual shape of the pouch-like labellum of the flower. The pouch traps insects seeking

nectar Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by Plant, plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollination, pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to an ...

, and to leave again they have to climb up past the

staminode In botany, a staminode is an often rudimentary, sterile or abortive stamen, which means that it does not produce pollen.Jackson, Benjamin, Daydon; ''A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent''; Published by Gerald Duckworth & Co ...

, behind which they collect or deposit pollinia. Orchids of this genus are notoriously difficult to propagate by tissue culture; as of 2016, commercial cultivation is almost exclusively seed-based. This means every plant is unique. Paphiopedilum-fairrieanum

Members of this genus have unusual

stomata In botany, a stoma (: stomata, from Greek ''στόμα'', "mouth"), also called a stomate (: stomates), is a pore found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that controls the rate of gas exchange between the internal air spa ...

. Whereas most land plants' stomata have guard cells with

chloroplast A chloroplast () is a type of membrane-bound organelle, organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant cell, plant and algae, algal cells. Chloroplasts have a high concentration of chlorophyll pigments which captur ...

s in their

cytoplasm The cytoplasm describes all the material within a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, including the organelles and excluding the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. The material inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell a ...

(including those of closely related '' Phragmipedium'' slipper orchids), ''Paphiopedilum'' stomata do not. This difference results in simpler, but weaker control of stomatal function. For example, most plants close their stomata in response to either blue or red light, but ''Paphiopedilum'' guard cells only respond to blue light. The fact that they lack chloroplasts has made them valuable to researchers investigating stomatal function. For example, it enabled the discovery of intracellular events that precede stomatal closure.

In horticulture

The paphiopedilums are among the most widely cultivated and hybridized of orchid genera. Spectacular new species are being discovered every now and then; for example the golden slipper orchid (''P. armeniacum''), discovered in 1979 and described in 1982, amazed growers of orchids by the extraordinary beauty of its golden flowers. In addition, growers have bred thousands of interspecific hybrids and registered them with the

Royal Horticultural Society The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity. The RHS promotes horticulture through its five gardens at Wisley (Surrey), Hyde Hall (Essex), Harlow Carr ...

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

over the years. ''Paphiopedilums'' are terrestrial and evergreen in growth habit, and by careful selection of species and hybrids, it is possible to have a flowering period extending over nine months of the year. They can be grown indoors, as long as conditions that mimic their natural habitats are created. Most species thrive in moderate to high

humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation (meteorology), precipitation, dew, or fog t ...

(50–70%), moderate

temperatures Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making up a subst ...

ranging from 13 to 35 degrees

Celsius The degree Celsius is the unit of temperature on the Celsius temperature scale "Celsius temperature scale, also called centigrade temperature scale, scale based on 0 ° for the melting point of water and 100 ° for the boiling point ...

and low light of 12,000 to 20,000 lux. Modern hybrids are typically easier to grow in artificial conditions than their parent species.

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus name ''Paphiopedilum'' was established by Ernst Hugo Heinrich Pfitzer in 1886; it is derived from Paphos (a city in

Cyprus Cyprus (), officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Situated in West Asia, its cultural identity and geopolitical orientation are overwhelmingly Southeast European. Cyprus is the List of isl ...

, a place sacred to

Aphrodite Aphrodite (, ) is an Greek mythology, ancient Greek goddess associated with love, lust, beauty, pleasure, passion, procreation, and as her syncretism, syncretised Roman counterpart , desire, Sexual intercourse, sex, fertility, prosperity, and ...

. It was said she landed at the site when rose from the sea as her birth.) and

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

''pedilon'' " slipper". No paphiopedilum occurs on Cyprus – at least not as the genus is understood today. But it was long mixed up with its

Holarctic The Holarctic realm is a biogeographic realm that comprises the majority of habitats found throughout the continents in the Northern Hemisphere. It corresponds to the floristic Boreal Kingdom. It includes both the Nearctic zoogeographical reg ...

relative ''Cypripedium'', which grows in the

Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea ( ) is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the east by the Levant in West Asia, on the north by Anatolia in West Asia and Southern ...

region. ''Paphiopedilum'' was made a valid

taxon In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...

in 1959, but its use has become restricted to eastern Asian species in our time.

Subdivisions

The genus ''Paphiopedilum'' has been divided into several subgenera, and then further into sections and subsections: * Subgenus '' Parvisepalum'' * Subgenus '' Brachypetalum'' * Subgenus '' Polyantha'' ** Section ''Mastigopetalum'' ** Section ''Polyantha'' ** Section ''Mystropetalum'' * Subgenus ''

Paphiopedilum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily '' Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The ...

'' ** Section ''Stictopetalum'' ** Section ''Paphiopedilum'' ** Section ''Ceratopetalum'' ** Section ''Cymatopetalum'' ** Section ''Thiopetalum'' * Subgenus '' Sigmatopetalum'' ** Section ''Spathopetalum'' *** Subsection ''Macronidium'' *** Subsection ''Spathopetalum'' ** Section ''Blepharopetalum'' ** Section ''Mastersianum'' ** Section ''Punctatum'' ** Section ''Barbata'' *** Subsection ''Lorapetalum'' *** Subsection ''Chloroneura'' ** Section ''Planipetalum'' ** Section ''Venustum'' * Subgenus '' Cochlopetalum'' * Subgenus '' Megastaminodium'' * Subgenus '' Laosianum''

Selected species

There are more than 550

in this genus, including some 80 valid

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

. Some notable species and their natural hybrids are listed here, together with some assorted varieties and forms: * '' Paphiopedilum acmodontum'' (Philippines) * '' Paphiopedilum adductum'' * '' Paphiopedilum × affine'' (''P. appletonianum × P. villosum'') (Vietnam) * '' Paphiopedilum appletonianum'' (Hainan to Indochina) * '' Paphiopedilum × areeanum'' (''P. barbigerum × P. villosum'' var. ''annamense'') (China: SE Yunnan) * '' Paphiopedilum argus'' (Philippines: Luzon) * '' Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' – Golden slipper orchid ** ''Paphiopedilum armeniacum'' fma. ''markii'' * '' Paphiopedilum barbatum'' – Penang slipper orchid (Peninsular Thailand to Sumatra) * '' Paphiopedilum barbigerum'' * '' Paphiopedilum bellatulum'' – Egg-in-a-nest orchid (SE Yunnan, Guizhou, S Guangxi to Indochina) * '' Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum'' (Solomon Islands) ** ''Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum'' var. ''bougainvilleanum'' (Solomon Islands: North Solomons) ** ''Paphiopedilum bougainvilleanum'' var. ''saskianum'' (Solomon Islands: South Solomons) * '' Paphiopedilum bullenianum'' (Malesia) ** ''Paphiopedilum bullenianum'' var. ''bullenianum'' (W Malaysia) ** ''Paphiopedilum bullenianum'' var. ''celebesense'' (Sulawesi to Maluku) * '' Paphiopedilum × burbidgei'' (''P. dayanum × P. javanicum'' var. ''virens'') (Borneo) * '' Paphiopedilum callosum'' (Indochina to NW Peninsular Malaysia) ** ''Paphiopedilum callosum'' var. ''callosum'' (Indochina) (including f. ''albinum'', ''P. viniferum'') ** ''Paphiopedilum callosum'' var. ''potentianum'' (Thailand) ** ''Paphiopedilum callosum'' var. ''warnerianum'' (Peninsular Thailand to NW Peninsular Malaysia) * '' Paphiopedilum canhii'' * '' Paphiopedilum charlesworthii'' * '' Paphiopedilum ciliolare'' * '' Paphiopedilum concolor'' * '' Paphiopedilum × cribbii'' Averyanov (S Vietnam) * '' Paphiopedilum × dalatense'' (''P. callosum × P. villosum var. annamense'') (Vietnam) * '' Paphiopedilum dayanum'' (Borneo) * '' Paphiopedilum delenatii'' * '' Paphiopedilum dianthum'' * '' Paphiopedilum × dixlerianum'' (''P. callosum × P. wardii'') (Myanmar) * ''

Paphiopedilum druryi ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The g ...

'' (S India) * '' Paphiopedilum emersonii'' * ''

Paphiopedilum × expansum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The g ...

'' ('' P. hennisianum × P. philippinense'') (Philippines) * '' Paphiopedilum exul'' (Peninsular Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum fairrieanum'' (E Himalaya to Assam) * '' Paphiopedilum × fanaticum'' (''P. malipoense × P. micranthum'') (S China) * '' Paphiopedilum fowliei'' * '' Paphiopedilum × frankeanum'' (''P. superbiens × P. tonsum'') (Sumatra) * '' Paphiopedilum gigantifolium'' (SC Sulawesi) * '' Paphiopedilum glanduliferum'' (NW New Guinea) * '' Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum'' * '' Paphiopedilum godefroyae'' (Peninsular Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum gratrixianum'' * '' Paphiopedilum × grussianum'' (''P. dianthum × P. hirsutissimum'' var. ''esquirolei'') (China: Guangxi) * '' Paphiopedilum hangianum'' Perner & O.Gruss (Yunnan to Vietnam) (including f. ''album'', ''P. singchii'') * '' Paphiopedilum haynaldianum'' (Philippines: Luzon, Negros) * '' Paphiopedilum helenae'' Aver. (N Vietnam: Cao Bang Province) (includes ''P. delicatum'') * '' Paphiopedilum hennisianum'' (C Philippines) * ''

Paphiopedilum henryanum ''Paphiopedilum henryanum'' is a species of orchid ranging from southeastern Yunnan and Guangxi to northern Vietnam Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV), is a country at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia ...

'' (SE Yunnan, Guangxi to N Vietnam) * '' Paphiopedilum × herrmannii'' (''P. helenae × P. hirsutissimum'' var. ''esquirolei'') (Vietnam) * '' Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' (Assam to S China) ** ''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' var. ''chiwuanum'' (China: Yunnan) ** ''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' var. ''esquirolei'' (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi to N & E Indochina) ** ''Paphiopedilum hirsutissimum'' var. ''hirsutissimum'' (Assam to Myanmar) * '' Paphiopedilum hookerae'' (Borneo) ** ''Paphiopedilum hookerae'' var. ''hookerae'' (Borneo: Sarawak, W. Kalimantan) ** ''Paphiopedilum hookerae'' var. ''volonteanum'' (Borneo: Sabah) * '' Paphiopedilum insigne'' (Assam: Meghalaya) * '' Paphiopedilum intaniae'' (Sulawesi) * '' Paphiopedilum javanicum'' (Sumatra, Borneo to Lesser Sunda Islands) ** ''Paphiopedilum javanicum'' var. ''javanicum'' (Sumatra to Lesser Sunda Islands) ** ''Paphiopedilum javanicum'' var. ''virens'' (Borneo: Sabah to N Sarawak) * '' Paphiopedilum × kimballianum'' (''P. dayanum × P. rothschildianum'') (Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu) * '' Paphiopedilum kolopakingii'' (Borneo: C Kalimantan) * '' Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum'' (Borneo - Sarawak, Sabah) * '' Paphiopedilum liemianum'' (N. Sumatra) * ''

Paphiopedilum × littleanum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The g ...

'' (''P. dayanum × P. lawrenceanum'') (Borneo) * '' Paphiopedilum lowii'' (W & C Malesia) ** ''Paphiopedilum lowii'' var. ''lowii'' (W & C Malaysia) ** ''Paphiopedilum lowii'' var. ''lynniae'' (Borneo) ** ''Paphiopedilum lowii'' var. ''richardianum'' (Sulawesi) * '' Paphiopedilum malipoense'' – Jade slipper orchid (including ''P. jackii'') * '' Paphiopedilum mastersianum'' (Lesser Sunda Islands to Maluku) ** ''Paphiopedilum mastersianum'' var. ''mastersianum'' (Maluku: Ambon, Buru) ** ''Paphiopedilum mastersianum'' var. ''mohrianum'' (Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores) * '' Paphiopedilum × mattesii'' (''P. barbatum × P. bullenianum'') (Peninsular Malaysia) * '' Paphiopedilum micranthum'' – Silver slipper orchid, hard-leaved pocket orchid ** ''Paphiopedilum micranthum'' var. ''eburneum'' ** ''Paphiopedilum micranthum'' var. ''glanzeanum'' (Albinistic form) * '' Paphiopedilum niveum'' (Peninsular Thailand to N Peninsular Malaysia) * '' Paphiopedilum ooii'' Koop.;

Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an area of , and population of 23,053,723 (2020 national censuses). Situated at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, it is one of the Greater Sunda ...

(

Sabah Sabah () is a States and federal territories of Malaysia, state of Malaysia located in northern Borneo, in the region of East Malaysia. Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia's North Kalima ...

) * '' Paphiopedilum papilio-laoticus'' Schuit., Luang Aphay & Iio;

Laos Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR), is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and ...

* '' Paphiopedilum papuanum'' (New Guinea) * '' Paphiopedilum parishii'' (Assam to W Yunnan) * '' Paphiopedilum × pereirae'' (''P. exul × P. niveum'') (Peninsular Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum × petchleungianum'' (''P. dianthum × P. villosum'') (China: SE Yunnan) * '' Paphiopedilum philippinense'' (Philippines to N Borneo) ** ''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' var. ''philippinense'' (Philippines to N Borneo) ** ''Paphiopedilum philippinense'' var. ''roebelenii'' (Philippines: Luzon) * '' Paphiopedilum × powellii'' (''P. callosum × P. exul'') (Peninsular Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum × pradhanii'' (''P. fairrieanum × P. venustum'') (E Himalaya) * '' Paphiopedilum primulinum'' (Sumatra: S Aceh) ** ''Paphiopedilum primulinum'' var. ''primulinum'' ** ''Paphiopedilum primulinum'' var. ''purpurascens'' * '' Paphiopedilum purpuratum'' (S China to Hainan) ** ''Paphiopedilum purpuratum'' var. ''hainanense'' (Hainan) ** ''Paphiopedilum purpuratum'' var. ''purpuratum'' (China: Yunnan, Hong Kong, Guangdong) * '' Paphiopedilum randsii'' (Philippines: N Mindanao) * '' Paphiopedilum rhizomatosum'' (Myanmar) * '' Paphiopedilum robinsonianum'' (Central Sulawesi) * '' Paphiopedilum rothschildianum'' (NW Borneo on ultramafic soil) * '' Paphiopedilum saccopetalum'' (China: SE Guanxi) * '' Paphiopedilum sanderianum'' (NW Borneo: Gunung Mulu) * '' Paphiopedilum sangii'' (N Sulawesi) * '' Paphiopedilum schoseri'' (Sulawesi to Maluku) * '' Paphiopedilum × shipwayae'' (''P. dayanum × P. hookerae''). (Borneo) * '' Paphiopedilum × siamense'' (''P. appletonianum × P. callosum'') (Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum spicerianum'' * '' Paphiopedilum × spicerovenustum'' (''P. spiceranum × P. venustum'') (Assam) * '' Paphiopedilum stonei'' (Borneo: Sarawak) ** ''Paphiopedilum stonei'' var. ''platyphyllum'' (Borneo: Sarawak) ** ''Paphiopedilum stonei'' var. ''stonei'' (Borneo: S Sarawak) * ''

Paphiopedilum sugiyamanum ''Paphiopedilum'', often called the Venus slipper, is a genus of the lady slipper orchid subfamily ''Cypripedioideae'' of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. The genus comprises some 80 accepted taxa including several natural hybrids. The g ...

'' (Borneo: Sabah) * '' Paphiopedilum sukhakulii'' (NE Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum supardii'' (Borneo: SE Kalimantan) * '' Paphiopedilum superbiens'' (N & W Sumatra) * '' Paphiopedilum thaianum'' (Thailand) * '' Paphiopedilum tigrinum'' (including ''P. smaragdinum'') * '' Paphiopedilum tonsum'' (Rchb.f.) Stein (N & W Sumatra) (including f. ''alboviride'') * '' Paphiopedilum tranlienianum'' (Vietnam) ** ''Paphiopedilum tranlienianum'' f. ''alboviride'' (Vietnam) * '' Paphiopedilum urbanianum'' * '' Paphiopedilum usitanum'' (Philippines) * '' Paphiopedilum vejvarutianum'' (Thailand: Kanchanaburi) * '' Paphiopedilum × venustoinsigne'' (''P. insigne × P. venustum'') (Assam) * ''

Paphiopedilum venustum ''Paphiopedilum venustum'' is a species of orchid ranging from eastern Nepal to northeastern Bangladesh. ] References

Paphiopedilum, venustum Orchids of Bangladesh Orchids of Nepal {{Cypripedioideae-stub ...

'' (E Nepal to NE Bangladesh) * '' Paphiopedilum victoria-mariae'' (W Sumatra) * '' Paphiopedilum victoria-regina'' (including ''P. chamberlainianum'') * '' Paphiopedilum × vietenryanum'' (''P. gratrixianum × P. henryanum'') (China: Yunnan) * '' Paphiopedilum vietnamense'' Gruss & Perner (Vietnam) * '' Paphiopedilum villosum'' (Assam to S China) ** ''Paphiopedilum villosum'' var. ''annamense'' (Yunnan and Guangxi to Indochina) ** ''Paphiopedilum villosum'' var. ''boxallii'' (Myanmar) ** ''Paphiopedilum villosum'' var. ''villosum'' (Assam to Thailand) (including ''P. densissimum'') * '' Paphiopedilum violascens'' (N & E New Guinea, Manus Island) * '' Paphiopedilum wardii'' Summerh. – Rainbow orchid (SW Yunnan to Myanmar) (including f. ''alboviride'') ** ''Paphiopedilum wardii'' var. ''teestaensis'' (China: SW Yunnan) * '' Paphiopedilum × wenshanense'' (''P. bellatulum × P. concolor'', including ''P. × conco-bellatulum'') * '' Paphiopedilum wentworthianum'' (Solomon Islands) * '' Paphiopedilum wilhelminae'' (C New Guinea)

Conservation

All ''Paphiopedilum'' species are listed under Appendix I of the

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Convention may refer to: * Convention (norm), a custom or tradition, a standard of presentation or conduct ** Treaty, an agreement in international law ** Convention (political norm), uncodified legal or political tradition * Convention (meeting ...

(CITES), meaning that commercial international trade in wild-sourced specimens is prohibited, while non-commercial trade is regulated.

References

* (1998): ''The Genus ''Paphiopedilum'': Natural History and Cultivation'' (Vol. 1). Botanical Publishers Inc., Kissimmee, Florida, USA. * (1991): ''Orchids: Care and Cultivation''. Cassel Publishers Ltd., London, UK. * (1999): ''Genera Orchidacearum'' (Vol.1). Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. * (1993): ''Orchid Growing Basics''. Sterling Publishing Co. Inc., New York City, New York, USA. * (1996): ''Taylor's Guide to Orchids''. Houghton-Mifflin, New York City, New York, USA.

External links

* *
Paphiopedilum Orchids

Paphiopedilum Photo Gallery from "SlipperOrchids.info"
{{Authority control Orchid genera