The
papal conclave
A conclave is a gathering of the College of Cardinals convened to appoint the pope of the Catholic Church. Catholics consider the pope to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and the earthly head of the Catholic Church.
Concerns around ...
held from 13 to 20 December 1334 elected
Jacques Fournier to succeed
John XXII as pope. Fournier
took the name Benedict XII.
Cardinals
Twenty-four cardinals attended the conclave of December 1334. 16 were French, 7 Italian and 1 Spanish.
Their names are listed by Konrad Eubel in ''Hierarchia catholica'' :
*
Guillaume de Pierre Godin,
Dean of the College of Cardinals.
*
Pierre Desprès,
O.P., Sub-dean of the
College of Cardinals
The College of Cardinals (), also called the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. there are cardinals, of whom are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope. Appointed by the pope, ...
and
Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church
Chancellor is an ecclesiastical title used by several quite distinct officials of some Christian churches. In some churches, the chancellor of a diocese is a lawyer who represents the church in legal matters.
Catholic Church
In the Catholic ...
.
*
Bertrand du Pouget,
Cardinal priest of S. Marcello
*
Gauscelin de Jean,
Grand penitentiary.
*
Jean-Raymond de Comminges, Cardinal-bishop of Porto e S. Rufina
*
Annibaldo Caetani di Ceccano,
Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati
*
Jacques Fournier,
O.Cist., elected Pope Benedict XII.
*
Raymond de Mostuéjouls, Cardinal-priest of S. Eusebio
*
Pierre de Mortemart, Cardinal-priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio
*
Pierre de Chappes, Cardinal-priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino
*
Matteo Orsini di Monte Giordano, O.P., Cardinal-priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo
*
Pedro Gómez de Barroso,
Camerlengo of the Sacred College.
*
Imbert Dupuis, Cardinal-priest of
XII Santi Apostoli
*
Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, Cardinal-priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli
*
Pierre Bertrand d'Annonay, Cardinal-priest of S. Clemente
*
Napoleone Orsini Frangipani,
Protodeacon
Protodeacon derives from the Greek ''proto-'' meaning 'first' and ''diakonos'', which is a standard ancient Greek word meaning "assistant", "servant", or "waiting-man". The word in English may refer to any of various clergy, depending upon the usa ...
and Archpriest of the
Old St. Peter's Basilica.
*
Giacomo Gaetani Stefaneschi, Cardinal-deacon of San Giorgio in Velabro
*
Luca Fieschi, Cardinal-deacon of Santi Cosma e Damiano
*
Raymond Guillaume des Farges, Cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria Nuova
*
Bertrand de Montfavez, Archpriest of
Saint John Lateran.
*
Gaillard de la Mothe, Cardinal-deacon of S. Lucia in Silice
*
Gian Gaetano Orsini, Cardinal-deacon of S. Teodoro
*
Arnaud de Via, Cardinal-deacon of S. Eustachio
*
Giovanni Colonna, Archpriest of
Santa Maria Maggiore
Santa Maria Maggiore (), also known as the Basilica of Saint Mary Major or the Basilica of Saint Mary the Great, is one of the four Basilicas in the Catholic Church#Major and papal basilicas, major papal basilicas and one of the Seven Pilgrim C ...
.
Of these 24 Cardinals, 19 had been created by
John XXII, 2 by
Clement V
Pope Clement V (; – 20 April 1314), born Raymond Bertrand de Got (also occasionally spelled ''de Guoth'' and ''de Goth''), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 5 June 1305 to his death, in April 1314. He is reme ...
, 2 by
Boniface VIII, and 1 by
Nicholas IV.
Politics
An early favorite among the ''
papabile'' was
Cardinal
Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to
* Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds
**''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae
***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...
Jean-Raymond de
Comminges
The Comminges (; Occitan language, Occitan/Gascon language, Gascon: ''Comenge'') is an ancient region of southern France in the foothills of the Pyrenees, corresponding approximately to the arrondissement of Saint-Gaudens in the departments of Fran ...
, Bishop of
Porto e Santa Rufina, son of Count Bernard VI of Comminges and Laura de Montfort. The French cardinals, led by
Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord, did not want to leave their native France for the plague-infested and unfriendly city of Rome. And since the Orsini faction wanted to return to Rome, the Colonna faction chose the opposite and joined the French. A sufficient number of cardinals agreed to support him (2/3, or a minimum of 16 in number). Thus he could have been elected Pope had he been willing to swear to a condition not to return the papacy to Rome. Understandably, he refused his consent to the election on those terms.
The
Cistercian
The Cistercians (), officially the Order of Cistercians (, abbreviated as OCist or SOCist), are a Catholic religious order of monks and nuns that branched off from the Benedictines and follow the Rule of Saint Benedict, as well as the contri ...
cardinal, Jacques Fournier, was elected on the evening of 20 December 1334, after
Vespers
Vespers /ˈvɛspərz/ () is a Christian liturgy, liturgy of evening prayer, one of the canonical hours in Catholic (both Latin liturgical rites, Latin and Eastern Catholic liturgy, Eastern Catholic liturgical rites), Eastern Orthodox, Oriental O ...
, on the eighth day of the conclave.
[Martin Souchon, Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI (Braunschweig: Benno Goeritz 1888), pp. 45-46. J. P. Adams]
''Sede Vacante 1334''.
Retrieved: 2016-06-26.
According to the ''
Catholic Encyclopedia
''The'' ''Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Doctrine, Discipline, and History of the Catholic Church'', also referred to as the ''Old Catholic Encyclopedia'' and the ''Original Catholic Encyclopedi ...
'':
Notes
Books and articles
* Ameri, Gianluca and Clario Di Fabio, ''Luca Fieschi: cardinale, collezionista, mecenate, 1300-1336'' (Cinisello Balsamo (Milano) : Silvana, 2011).
* Baluzius, Stephanus
‰tienne Baluze ''Vitae Paparum Avinionensium'' 2 volumes (Paris: apud Franciscum Muguet 1693). (in Latin) "Secunda Vita Benedicti XII," 213–220. "Tertia Vita Benedicti XII," 219–225. "Quarta Vita Benedicti XII," 225–228. "Quinta Vita Benedicti XII," 229–244.
* (second edition 1913).
* Bernardus Guidonis, "Vita Joannis Papae XXII," in Ludovicus Antonius Muratori, ''Rerum Italicarum Scriptores'' Tomus Tertius (Milan 1723), 673–684. (in Latin)
* Dragomanni, Francesco Gherardi (editor), ''Cronica di Giovanni Villani'' Tomo III (Firenze: Sansoni 1845).
* Duhamel, L. "Un neveu de Jean XXII, Le cardinal Arnaud de Via," ''Bulletin monumental ''5 serie, Tome 11 (Paris 1883) 401–421.
*
* Souchon, Martin. ''Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI'' (Braunschweig: Benno Goeritz 1888).
* Theiner, Augustinus (Editor), ''Caesaris S. R. E. Cardinalis Baronii, Od. Raynaldi et Jac. Laderchii Annales Ecclesiastici'' Tomus Vigesimus Quartus 1313-1333 (Barri-Ducis: Ludovicus Guerin 1872); Tomus Vigesimus Quintus 1334-1355 (Barri-Ducis: Ludovicus Guerin 1872). (in Latin)
*
Trollope, Thomas Adolphus. 1876.
The Papal Conclaves, as they were and as they are'.
External links
* Adams, J. P
Retrieved: 2016-06-26.
* Guillemain, Bernard.
Benedetto XII" Dizionario dei Papi (2000). (in Italian)
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Papal conclaves
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1334 in Europe
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