''Pantoea'' is a genus of

Gram-negative Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists ...

bacteria Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one Cell (biology), biological cell. They constitute a large domain (biology), domain of Prokaryote, prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micr ...

of the family

Erwiniaceae The ''Erwiniaceae'' are a family of Gram-negative bacteria which includes a number of plant pathogens and insect endosymbionts. This family is a member of the order Enterobacterales in the class Gammaproteobacteria of the phylum Pseudomonadota. ...

, recently separated from the genus ''

Enterobacter ''Enterobacter'' is a genus of common Gram-negative, Facultative anaerobic organism, facultatively anaerobic, bacillus (shape), rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Cultures are found in soil, water, sewage, ...

''. This genus includes at least 20 species. ''Pantoea'' bacteria are yellow pigmented, ferment

lactose Lactose is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11. Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from (Genitive case, gen. ), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix ''-o ...

, are motile, and form mucoid colonies. Some species show

quorum sensing In biology, quorum sensing or quorum signaling (QS) is the process of cell-to-cell communication that allows bacteria to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation, typically as a means of acclimating to environmental disadv ...

ability that could drive different gene expression, hence controlling certain physiological activities.

Levan polysaccharide Levan is a naturally occurring fructan present in many plants and microorganisms. This polymer is made up of fructose, a monosaccharide sugar, connected by 2,6 beta Glycosidic bond, glycosidic linkages. Levan can have both branched and linear str ...

produced by ''

Pantoea agglomerans ''Pantoea agglomerans'' is a Gram-negative bacterium that belongs to the family Erwiniaceae. It was formerly called ''Enterobacter agglomerans'', or ''Erwinia herbicola'' and is a ubiquitous bacterium commonly isolated from plant surfaces, seeds ...

'' ZMR7 was reported to decrease the viability of

rhabdomyosarcoma Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly aggressive form of cancer that develops from mesenchymal cells that have failed to fully differentiate into myocytes of skeletal muscle. Cells of the neoplasm, tumor are identified as rhabdomyoblasts. The four ...

(RD) and breast cancer (MDA) cells compared with untreated cancer cells. In addition, it has high antiparasitic activity against the

promastigote Trypanosomatida is a group of kinetoplastid unicellular organisms distinguished by having only a single flagellum. The name is derived from the Greek ''trypano'' (borer) and ''soma'' (body) because of the corkscrew-like motion of some trypanosoma ...

of ''

Leishmania tropica ''Leishmania tropica'' is a flagellate parasite and the cause of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in humans. This parasite is restricted to Afro-Eurasia and is a common cause of infection in Afghanistan, Iran, Syria, Yemen, Algeria, Morocco ...

''.

Species

*''

'' is the most common ''Pantoea'' species recovered from humans and an

opportunistic pathogen An opportunistic infection is an infection that occurs most commonly in individuals with an immunodeficiency disorder and acts more severe on those with a weakened immune system. These types of infections are considered serious and can be caused b ...

associated with contaminated

catheter In medicine, a catheter ( ) is a thin tubing (material), tube made from medical grade materials serving a broad range of functions. Catheters are medical devices that can be inserted in the body to treat diseases or perform a surgical procedure. ...

s and penetrating trauma. It was formerly known as ''Erwinia herbicola'' or ''Enterobacter agglomerans.'' * '' Pantoea allii'' * '' Pantoea ananatis'' formerly ''Erwinia ananas'' * '' Pantoea anthophila'' * '' Pantoea brenneri'' * '' Pantoea coffeiphila'' * '' Pantoea conspicua'' * '' Pantoea cypripedii'' * '' Pantoea deleyi'' * '' Pantoea dispersa'' * '' Pantoea eucalyptii'' * '' Pantoea eucrina'' * '' Pantoea leporis'' * ''

Pantoea piersonii ''Pantoea'' is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria of the family Erwiniaceae, recently separated from the genus ''Enterobacter''. This genus includes at least 20 species. ''Pantoea'' bacteria are yellow pigmented, ferment lactose, are motile, and f ...

'' * '' Pantoea rodasii'' * '' Pantoea rwandensis'' * '' Pantoea septica'' * '' Pantoea stewartii'' * '' Pantoea vagans'' * '' Pantoea wallisii'' The genus contains several more proposed species, such as ''Pantoea phytobeneficialis'', which are currently not considered as validly published under the

ICNP The International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) or Prokaryotic Code, formerly the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (ICNB) or Bacteriological Code (BC), governs the scientific names for Bacteria and Archaea.P. H. A. Sneath ...

.Page ''Genus: Pantoea'' on

References

Bacteria genera Enterobacterales Taxa described in 1989 {{Gammaproteobacteria-stub