''Pangio'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small Asian

freshwater fish Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many wa ...

in the true loach

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Cobitidae Cobitidae, also known as the true loaches, is a family of Old World freshwater fish. They occur throughout Eurasia and in Morocco, and inhabit riverine ecosystems. Today, most " loaches" are placed in other families (see below). The family includ ...

. In earlier

taxonomic 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...

schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The "

kuhli loach The true Kuhli loach (''Pangio kuhlii''), which can be used synonymously with "coolie" loach, occasionally referred to as eel loach, is a small eel-like freshwater fish belonging to the loach family (Cobitidae). They originate from the island of ...

" is well-known in the

aquarium An aquarium (: aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. fishkeeping, Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquati ...

trade and commonly identified as ''P. kuhlii'', but most individuals actually appear to be ''P. semicincta''. The

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

is ''Cobitis cinnamomea'' McClelland 1839, now known as ''

Pangio pangia ''Pangio pangia'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Pangio ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The " kuhli lo ...

''. These fish are best represented in

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is the geographical United Nations geoscheme for Asia#South-eastern Asia, southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Mainland Au ...

where all but five of the species live, including the

Greater Sunda Islands The Greater Sunda Islands (Indonesian language, Indonesian and Malay language, Malay: ''Kepulauan Sunda Besar'') are four tropical islands situated within the Indonesian Archipelago, in the Pacific Ocean. The islands, Borneo, Java, Sulawesi and S ...

with sixteen species. The five species found outside Southeast Asia are from

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

and

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

. They inhabit a wide range of mostly calm waters such as streams, swamps (often

peat swamp Peat swamp forests are tropical moist forests where waterlogged soil prevents dead leaves and wood from fully decomposing. Over time, this creates a thick layer of acidic peat. Large areas of these forests are being logged at high rates. Peat ...

s) and backwaters, but there are also species in fast-flowing waters, and one, ''P. bhujia'', lives underground.

Species

There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus: * ''

Pangio agma ''Pangio agma'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Pangio''. It is endemic to Borneo where it is found in northern Sarawak and Brunei Brunei, officially Brunei Darussalam, is a country in Southeast Asia, situated on the norther ...

'' ( M. E. Burridge, 1992) * ''

Pangio alcoides ''Pangio alcoides'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Pangio ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The " kuhli ...

'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * ''

Pangio alternans ''Pangio alternans'' is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus ''Pangio ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The " kuhli ...

'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * ''

Pangio ammophila ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The "kuhli loach" is well-known in the aquarium trade and commonly identified as ''P. kuhl ...

Britz Britz () is a German locality (''Ortsteil'') within the Berlin borough (''Bezirk'') of Neukölln. History The village of ''Britzig'' was first mentioned in 1273. It was incorporated by the 1920 Greater Berlin Act. It is known for being the sit ...

, Anvar Ali &

Raghavan Raghavan is a South Indian name. It derives from the Sanskrit ''raghava'', meaning "derived from Raghu" or "descendant of Raghu" (an epithet of the Hindu god Rama, an incarnation of Vishnu), plus the Tamil-Malayalam third-person masculine singular ...

, 2012 * ''

Pangio anguillaris ''Pangio anguillaris'' is a species of loach found in still and slow-moving freshwater in Indochina (Mekong and Chao Phraya basins), Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. This is a slender fish (the specific name means "eel-like") measuring up t ...

'' ( Vaillant, 1902) * '' Pangio apoda'' Britz & Maclaine, 2007 * '' Pangio atactos'' H. H. Tan & Kottelat, 2009 * '' Pangio bhujia'' Anoop et al., 2019 * '' Pangio bitaimac'' H. H. Tan & Kottelat, 2009 * '' Pangio cuneovirgata'' ( Raut, 1957) * '' Pangio doriae'' (

Perugia Perugia ( , ; ; ) is the capital city of Umbria in central Italy, crossed by the River Tiber. The city is located about north of Rome and southeast of Florence. It covers a high hilltop and part of the valleys around the area. It has 162,467 ...

, 1892) * '' Pangio elongata'' Britz & Maclaine, 2007 * '' Pangio filinaris'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio fusca'' ( Blyth, 1860) * '' Pangio goaensis'' ( Tilak, 1972) (Indian coolie-loach) * ''

Pangio incognito ''Pangio incognito'' is a species of ray-finned fish Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called bec ...

'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio kuhlii'' (

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...

, 1846) (Kuhli loach, coolie loach) * '' Pangio lidi'' Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009 * ''

Pangio longimanus ''Pangio'' is a genus of small Asian freshwater fish in the true loach family Cobitidae. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The " kuhli loach" is well-known in the aquarium trade and commonly identified as ''P. ku ...

'' Britz & Kottelat, 2010 * '' Pangio longipinnis'' (

Menon Menon may refer to: People *Menon (subcaste), an honorary title accorded to some Nairs. Surnamed *Menon (surname), a surname used historically by those with the title of Menon and now by their descendants. Given named * Menon (cookbook author), ...

, 1992) * '' Pangio lumbriciformis'' Britz & Maclaine, 2007 * '' Pangio malayana'' (

Tweedie Tweedie is a surname of Scotland, Scottish origin. The name is a habitational name from Tweedie, located in the parish of Stonehouse, south of Glasgow. The origin and meaning of the name is unknown.Pangio mariarum'' (

Inger Inger may refer to: People * Inger (given name), list of people with the given name * Inger (surname), list of people with the surname * Inger, the main character of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tale ''The Girl Who Trod on a Loaf'' Other uses ...

& P. K. Chin, 1962) * '' Pangio muraeniformis'' ( de Beaufort, 1933) * '' Pangio myersi'' (

Harry Harry may refer to: Television * ''Harry'' (American TV series), 1987 comedy series starring Alan Arkin * ''Harry'' (British TV series), 1993 BBC drama that ran for two seasons * ''Harry'' (New Zealand TV series), 2013 crime drama starring Oscar K ...

, 1949) * '' Pangio oblonga'' (Valenciennes, 1846) (Java loach) * ''

'' ( F. Hamilton, 1822) * '' Pangio pathala'' Sundar, Arjun, Sidharthan, Dahanukar & Raghavan, 2022 * '' Pangio piperata'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio pulla'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio robiginosa'' (Raut, 1957) * '' Pangio semicincta'' ( Fraser-Brunner, 1940) * ''

Pangio shelfordii The Borneo loach (''Pangio shelfordii'') is a Southeast Asian species of cobitid fish. It is a river fish found on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo Borneo () is the List of islands by area, third-largest island in the world, with an ...

'' (

Popta Canna Maria Louise Popta (31 May 1860 – 13 June 1929)L.B. Holthuis, Biography i1820-1958, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie page 82 (in Dutch). was a Dutch biologist. Born in Breda, Popta was one of the first women to enrol as a student at ...

, 1903) (Borneo loach) * '' Pangio signicauda'' Britz & Maclaine, 2007 * '' Pangio superba'' ( T. R. Roberts, 1989)

References

* *Kottelat, M. (2012)
Conspectus cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei).
''The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Suppl. No. 26: 1-199.'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q774073 Cobitidae Taxa named by Edward Blyth