''Pangio'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small Asian

freshwater fish Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many wa ...

in the true loach

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Cobitidae Cobitidae, also known as the true loaches, is a family of Old World freshwater fish. They occur throughout Eurasia and in Morocco, and inhabit riverine ecosystems. Today, most " loaches" are placed in other families (see below). The family includ ...

. In earlier taxonomic schemes it was known as ''Acanthophthalmus''. The " kuhli loach" is well-known in the

aquarium An aquarium (: aquariums or aquaria) is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed. fishkeeping, Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquati ...

trade and commonly identified as ''P. kuhlii'', but most individuals actually appear to be ''P. semicincta''. The

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

is ''Cobitis cinnamomea'' McClelland 1839, now known as '' Pangio pangia''. These fish are best represented in

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where all but five of the species live, including the

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with sixteen species. The five species found outside Southeast Asia are from

India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...

and

Myanmar Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar; and also referred to as Burma (the official English name until 1989), is a country in northwest Southeast Asia. It is the largest country by area in Mainland Southeast Asia and has ...

. They inhabit a wide range of mostly calm waters such as streams, swamps (often peat swamps) and backwaters, but there are also species in fast-flowing waters, and one, ''P. bhujia'', lives underground.

Species

There are currently 35 recognized species in this genus: * '' Pangio agma'' ( M. E. Burridge, 1992) * '' Pangio alcoides'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio alternans'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio ammophila'' Britz, Anvar Ali & Raghavan, 2012 * '' Pangio anguillaris'' ( Vaillant, 1902) * '' Pangio apoda'' Britz & Maclaine, 2007 * '' Pangio atactos'' H. H. Tan & Kottelat, 2009 * '' Pangio bhujia'' Anoop et al., 2019 * '' Pangio bitaimac'' H. H. Tan & Kottelat, 2009 * '' Pangio cuneovirgata'' ( Raut, 1957) * '' Pangio doriae'' (

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, 1892) * '' Pangio elongata'' Britz & Maclaine, 2007 * '' Pangio filinaris'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio fusca'' ( Blyth, 1860) * '' Pangio goaensis'' ( Tilak, 1972) (Indian coolie-loach) * '' Pangio incognito'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio kuhlii'' (

Valenciennes Valenciennes (, also , , ; ; or ; ) is a communes of France, commune in the Nord (French department), Nord Departments of France, department, Hauts-de-France, France. It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced ...

, 1846) (Kuhli loach, coolie loach) * '' Pangio lidi'' Hadiaty & Kottelat, 2009 * '' Pangio longimanus'' Britz & Kottelat, 2010 * '' Pangio longipinnis'' ( Menon, 1992) * '' Pangio lumbriciformis'' Britz & Maclaine, 2007 * '' Pangio malayana'' ( Tweedie, 1956) * '' Pangio mariarum'' ( Inger & P. K. Chin, 1962) * '' Pangio muraeniformis'' ( de Beaufort, 1933) * '' Pangio myersi'' ( Harry, 1949) * '' Pangio oblonga'' (Valenciennes, 1846) (Java loach) * '' Pangio pangia'' ( F. Hamilton, 1822) * '' Pangio pathala'' Sundar, Arjun, Sidharthan, Dahanukar & Raghavan, 2022 * '' Pangio piperata'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio pulla'' Kottelat & K. K. P. Lim, 1993 * '' Pangio robiginosa'' (Raut, 1957) * '' Pangio semicincta'' ( Fraser-Brunner, 1940) * '' Pangio shelfordii'' ( Popta, 1903) (Borneo loach) * '' Pangio signicauda'' Britz & Maclaine, 2007 * '' Pangio superba'' ( T. R. Roberts, 1989)

References

* *Kottelat, M. (2012)
Conspectus cobitidum: an inventory of the loaches of the world (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cobitoidei).
''The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Suppl. No. 26: 1-199.'' {{Taxonbar, from=Q774073 Cobitidae Taxa named by Edward Blyth