The pandeiro () is a type of hand

frame drum A frame drum is a drum that has a drumhead width greater than its depth. It is one of the most ancient musical instruments, and perhaps the first drum to be invented. It has a single drumhead that is usually made of rawhide, but man-made mat ...

popular in

Brazil Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in South America. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, fifth-largest country by area and the List of countries and dependencies by population ...

. The pandeiro is used in a number of Brazilian music forms, such as

samba Samba () is a broad term for many of the rhythms that compose the better known Brazilian music genres that originated in the Afro-Brazilians, Afro Brazilian communities of Bahia in the late 19th century and early 20th century, It is a name or ...

, choro, coco, and

capoeira Capoeira () is an Afro-Brazilian martial art and game that includes elements of dance, acrobatics, capoeira music, music, and spirituality. It likely originated from enslaved Mbundu people, of the Kingdom of Ndongo, in present-day Angola. The ...

music. The drumhead is tunable, and the rim holds metal jingles (''platinelas'') which are cupped, creating a crisper, drier and less sustained tone on the pandeiro than on the

tambourine The tambourine is a musical instrument in the percussion family consisting of a frame, often of wood or plastic, with pairs of small metal jingles, called "zills". Classically the term tambourine denotes an instrument with a drumhead, thoug ...

. It is held in one hand, and struck on the head by the other hand to produce the sound. Typical pandeiro patterns are played by alternating the thumb, fingertips, heel, and palm of the hand. A pandeiro can also be shaken to make sound, or one can run a finger along the head to produce a drum roll.

Medieval instrument

The term ''pandeiro'' was previously used to describe a square double-skinned frame drum, often with a bell inside; such an instrument is now known by the term '' adufe'' in Spain and Portugal. The term ''pandeiro'' (''pandero'' in Asturian) is still used in parts of Galicia,

Asturias Asturias (; ; ) officially the Principality of Asturias, is an autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community in northwest Spain. It is coextensive with the provinces of Spain, province of Asturias and contains some of the territory t ...

and Portugal to describe the square-shaped drum, while the round drum with jingles is known as ''pandeira'' in Galicia and ''pandeireta'' in Portugal.

Players

Some of the best-known pandeiro players today are Paulinho da Costa, Nanny Assis,

Airto Moreira Airto Guimorvan Moreira (born August 5, 1941) is a Brazilian jazz drummer, composer and percussionist. He is married to jazz singer Flora Purim, and their daughter Diana Moreira is also a singer. Coming to prominence in the late 1960s as a membe ...

, Marcos Suzano, Cyro Baptista, Zé Maurício, and Carlinhos Pandeiro de Ouro. Other notable pandeiro players were Scott Feiner, bringing the pandeiro to jazz, and Milt Holland, a

Los Angeles Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the List of municipalities in California, most populous city in the U.S. state of California, and the commercial, Financial District, Los Angeles, financial, and Culture of Los Angeles, ...

–based studio percussionist and drummer who travelled the world extensively to collect and study various ethnic percussion types.

Non-traditional usage

Artists such as Stanton Moore use it non-traditionally by tuning it low to sound like a bass drum with jingles, mounting it on a stand and integrating it into the modern drum kit. Others, such as Sule Greg Wilson on the Carolina Chocolate Drops album ''Genuine Negro Jig'', use it in tandem with a tunable bodhran—also mounted—and play them as a pair with brushes to create drum kit effects, as well as their original intent as hand-held instruments.

References

External links

ViradaDrums.com

Pandeiro.com

at Emiliano.com
"The Philosophy of... Pandeiro!" by Daniel Allen
{{Percussion Brazilian musical instruments Hand drums Brazilian percussion Portuguese musical instruments Capoeira music