Panayiotis Vassilakis (; 29 October 1925 – 9 August 2019), also known as Takis (), was a self-taught Greek artist known for his

kinetic sculptures Kinetic (Ancient Greek: κίνησις “kinesis”, movement or to move) may refer to: * Kinetic theory, describing a gas as particles in random motion * Kinetic energy, the energy of an object that it possesses due to its motion Art and ente ...

. He exhibited his artworks in Europe and the United States. Popular in France, his works can be found in public locations in and around Paris, as well as at the Athens-based Takis Foundation Research Center for the Arts and Sciences.

Early life

Takis was born in 1925 in Athens. Because of the previous Greco-Turkish War, his family struggled financially. His childhood and teen years were also shadowed by war. World War II brought along the

Axis Occupation of Greece The occupation of Greece by the Axis Powers () began in April 1941 after Nazi Germany Battle of Greece, invaded the Kingdom of Greece in order to assist its ally, Fascist Italy (1922–1943), Italy, in their Greco-Italian War, ongoing war that w ...

which was in effect from 1941 until October 1944, and this was then followed by the

Greek Civil War The Greek Civil War () took place from 1946 to 1949. The conflict, which erupted shortly after the end of World War II, consisted of a Communism, Communist-led uprising against the established government of the Kingdom of Greece. The rebels decl ...

from 1946 to 1949. During these, Takis kept his focus on his artwork, although his family did not approve.

Career

Takis' artistic career started when he was around 20 years old in a basement workshop. This is where he first became aware of the works of

Picasso Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso (25 October 1881 – 8 April 1973) was a Spanish painter, sculptor, printmaker, Ceramic art, ceramicist, and Scenic ...

and

Giacometti Alberto Giacometti (, , ; 10 October 1901 – 11 January 1966) was a Swiss sculptor, painter, draftsman and printmaker, who was one of the most important sculptors of the 20th century. His work was particularly influenced by artistic styles su ...

. He was intrigued by the long, exaggerated features that Giacometti would use in his sculptures. He created his first

atelier An atelier () is the private workshop or studio of a professional artist in the fine or decorative arts or an architect, where a principal master and a number of assistants, students, and apprentices can work together producing fine art or vi ...

with his childhood friends, and fellow artists, Minos Argyrakis and Raimondos, in Anakassa, Athens. His first sculptures were influenced by both Giacometti's elongated sculptures and the Greek sculptures that he grew up around. The first sculptures that he created were plaster busts and combinations of plaster and wrought iron. In 1952, he sculpted ''Quatre Soldats (The Four Soldiers).'' In 1954, Takis moved to Paris where he learned to forge, weld, and cast metal. While there, he created small sculptures inspired by early Greek Cycladic and Egyptian art. In Paris he also met artists like

Yves Klein Yves Klein (; 28 April 1928 – 6 June 1962) was a French artist and an important figure in post-war European art. He was a leading member of the French artistic movement of Nouveau réalisme founded in 1960 by art critic Pierre Restany. Klein wa ...

and

Jean Tinguely Jean Tinguely (22 May 1925 – 30 August 1991) was a Swiss sculptor best known for his kinetic art sculptural machines (known officially as Métamatics) that extended the Dada tradition into the later part of the 20th century.Chilvers, Ian; Gl ...

who were experimenting with kinetic sculptures, which began to shift his interest from the static to the kinetic. Those two artists weren't the only influences on Takis' work in kinetics. Because of his nearly constant travel via train station, as well as his interest in the recently invented radar, Takis became fascinated with energies and things that cannot be seen, but are integral parts of our lives. In 1957, Takis was waiting at a train station and noticed how the lights and energies of the station melded together. This influenced the creation of a series of sculptures, ''Signaux (Signals). Signals'' are sculptures that are made of long thin metal rods that vibrate and bend as wind passes through them, similar to energy caught by radar transmitters. Takis saw these ''Signals'' as capturing the energies of the wind and sky. His first ''Signals'' were much more rigid than later creations in the same series. To show the distribution of energy, as well as provide a street show, Takis would put fireworks on the top of these sculptures. Later on, as the sculptures in the series gained more flexibility, the rods would bend and vibrate, and at times collide with each other, creating sounds that give the sense of chords and the melody of a harp. In the 21st century, the sculptures have sold for around €100,000. In 1958, Takis started to experiment with other energies not visible to the naked eye, particularly magnets. He explored the magnetic forces and energy of the magnetic fields, which became a foundation of his future works. He also had a child with English artist

Sheila Fell Sheila Fell (20 July 1931 – 15 December 1979) was an English artist. She was born in Aspatria, Cumberland, in 1931. Although she lived in London for the greater part of her life, she devoted her career to painting the Cumberland landscape. Bio ...

in 1958. A year later, he created a piece that depicts a nail tied to a nylon string which is suspended in mid-air by the attraction of a magnet. This piece is the first of his ''télémagnétiques'' sculptures. It came to be known as ''Télésculpture.'' Takis also began a relationship with American artist

Liliane Lijn Liliane Lijn (born 1939) is an American-born artist who was the first woman artist to work with kinetic text (''Poem Machines''), exploring both light and text as early as 1962; and in addition, she is in all likelihood the first woman artist to ...

this year. In 1960, Takis moved on from floating nails to a floating man. At the

Iris Clert Gallery The Iris Clert Gallery ( in French) was a single-room art gallery named after its Greeks, Greek owner and curator, Iris Clert. It was located on 3 :fr:Rue des Beaux-Arts, rue des Beaux-Arts in Paris, France. It was open from 1955 to 1976 and dur ...

in Paris, Takis set up a series of magnets, and outfitted the South African poet, Sinclair Beiles, with a line of magnets on his belt. In the performance, Beiles read from his magnetic manifest: "'' I am a sculpture... There are more sculptures like me. The main difference is that they cannot talk... I would like to see all nuclear bombs on Earth turned into sculptures...''" and he then "threw" himself into the air, and was briefly suspended by the magnetic field interacting between the different magnet sets. Takis continued to do experimental work with different energies in the world. Along with his work in magnetics, he also experimented with electricity, sound and light. With these new influences, he created ''Telepeintures (Telepaintings), Telelumieres (Telelights), Cadrans,'' and ''Musicals.'' While learning about these different energies and experimenting with them, he traveled often to the major artistic and metropolitan centers of the world. One such trip was in 1961, where he traveled to America and met his future friend,

Marcel Duchamp Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (, ; ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French painter, sculptor, chess player, and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, Dada, Futurism and conceptual art. He is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Pica ...

. In 1966, Takis began to use his magnets to create art with sounds, as well as visuals. His installation ''Electro-Magnetic Musical'' is a series of white panels with guitar strings stretched across their width, and a long needle suspended in front of the strings. Each string is attached to an amplifier and an electro magnet is concealed behind each panel. The magnets cause the metal needles to sway back and forth, and at times hit a string which creates vibrations that are amplified and played through various speakers. These vibrations release sound waves that form mysterious and serene humming music. Takis likened the music to the sound of the natural forces of the cosmos. Two years later Takis moved to Massachusetts, where he received a researcher's scholarship at

Massachusetts Institute of Technology The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of moder ...

(MIT) in the Center of Advanced Visual Studies as a visiting researcher, and began creating the series of ''Sculptures électromagnétiques''. He studied hydrodynamic energy here, and his invention, ''Sculpture hydromagnétique,'' is the result of his research at MIT. The liquid is suspended because of electromagnetic forces, and this energy inspired ''Sea Oscillation Hydrodynamics.'' Takis' second aspect in this work is inspired by "the perpetual moving bicycle wheel of Marcel Duchamp". In January 1969 during the exhibition ''The Machine as Seen at the End of the Mechanical Age'', at

MOMA The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

in New York City, Takis stormed into the museum and removed one of his ''Télésculptures'' which he claimed was being exhibited without his permission. The artist considered this action as a symbolic one, which would begin a better dialogue between museum directors, artists, and the public. Takis, along with other artists as well as art critics like Nicolas Calas, established the

Art Workers Coalition The Art Workers' Coalition (AWC) was an open coalition of artists, filmmakers, writers, critics, and museum staff that formed in New York City in January 1969. Its principal aim was to pressure the city's museums – notably the Museum of Modern Art ...

group to defend the rights of artists. He inspired a group of people to start a chip company of the same name. In 1974, Takis returned to Paris and started creating his Erotic sculptures. He returned to Greece in 1986 where he established the Research Center for Art and the Sciences in Gerovouno, Attica, although its official inauguration wasn't until 1993. Even though he was known for his musical sculptures, they are not the only musical pieces made by Takis. Takis also provided musical curation for plays and performances, including when he collaborated with Costa Gavras for the film ''Section Spéciale (Special Court)'' in 1975, with Michael Cacoyannis for the play ''Electra of Sophocles'' in 1983, with Nam June Paik in 1979, with Joelle Léandre, with a dancer, Martha Zioga, for the performance titled "Ligne Paralléle Erotique" in 1986, and with Barbara Mayrothalassiti for "Isis Awakening" in 1990. He created scenery for these performances as well. In an interview published in the

Tate Tate is an institution that houses, in a network of four art galleries, the United Kingdom's national collection of British art, and international modern and contemporary art. It is not a government institution, but its main sponsor is the UK ...

catalogue, issued for the major retrospective held in Tate Modern in 2019, just one month before his death, Takis explains his role as one of demystification. "It’s only about revealing, in one way or another, the sensory vibrations or the interlacing potentials for energy that exist in the universe," he explains. "I think that’s the role of an artist, whether painter, sculptor or musician. ... I don’t think this energy should be considered as something abstract."

Works

* 1952 – ''Quatre Soldats'' * 1955 – ''Oedipus and Antigone, Sphinx and Eidolon'' * 1957 – ''Signaux'' * 1957 – ''Espaces Intérieurs,'' ''Plants'' * 1959 – ''Télésculpture'' * 1961 – ''Ballets Magnétiques, Télépeintures, Télélumieres'' * 1965 – First ''Sculptures Musicales'' * 1974 – First ''Espace Musical, Sculptures Erotiques'' * 1981 – ''3 Totems – Espace Musical'' * 1990 – ''Signaux Lumineux''

Performances and exhibits

* 1955 – First one-man show abroad: ''Figures of plaster and iron'' at the

Hanover Gallery The Hanover Gallery was an art gallery in London. It was opened in June 1948 by the German art expert Erica Brausen and financier and art collector Arthur Jeffress at 32A St. George's Street, W1, and closed on 31 March 1973. It was named after ...

in London. * 1956 – Participated in the ''First International Exhibition of the Plastic Arts.'' * 1960 – Performance at the

in Paris under the title ''The Impossible, A Man Within Space.'' * 1961 – His ''Sculptures Télémagnétiques'' go on show at the Art Gallery of Alexandros Iolas in

New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...

* 1963: Takis created his first musical in collaboration with

Earle Brown Earle Brown (December 26, 1926 – July 2, 2002) was an American composer who established his own formal and notational systems. Brown was the creator of "open form," a style of musical construction that has influenced many composers since, ...

, entitled the "Sound of Void". It is exhibited one year later in Cordier-Ekstrom Gallery in New York City, in an exposition titled ''For Eyes and Ears''. The ''Sound of Void'' is the predecessor of the Musical Sculpture. * 1966: Cadrans. – Takis' Electro-musical relief at

Indica Gallery The Indica Gallery was a counterculture art gallery An art gallery is a room or a building in which visual art is displayed. In Western cultures from the mid-15th century, a gallery was any long, narrow covered passage along a wall, first us ...

in London. * 1967: Participated in the ''Light and Motion'' exhibition at the Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris. * 1972: Retrospective at the Centre National d'Art Contemporain in Paris. * 1973: Holland Festival Ballet: Takis's Light Signals and Sound Sculptures form the stage setting and inspire the choreography of

Jaap Flier Jaap Flier (27 February 1934 – 18 March 2022) was a Dutch dancer and choreographer. Life and career Flier was born in Scheveningen, Netherlands, and studied with Sonia Gaskell. He made his debut as a dancer in 1950 with Ballet Recital and the ...

's dance group "Elkesis" of the

Nederlands Dans Theater Nederlands Dans Theater (NDT; literal translation Netherlands Dance Theatre) is a Dutch contemporary dance dance company, company. NDT is headquartered at the ''Amare'' building in The Hague. NDT also performs at other venues in the Netherlands ...

. – Théâtre de l'Odéon in Paris: Cacoyiannis directs the ''Vacantes'' while Takis composes the performance's music. * 1974: The first ''Espace Musical'' goes on exhibition at the Kunstverein in Hanover. Takis composes the music for

Costas Gavras Konstantinos "Kostas" Gavras (; born 12 February 1933), known professionally as Costa-Gavras, is a Greek-French film director, screenwriter, and producer who lives and works in France. He is known for political films, such as the political thril ...

' film ''

Section spéciale ''Special Section'' () is a 1975 in film, 1975 French film directed by Costa-Gavras and based on the novel ''L'affaire de la Section Spéciale'' by Hervé Villeré. It stars Louis Seigner, Roland Bertin, Michael Lonsdale, Ivo Garrani, François Ma ...

''. * 1977: Participates in ''

Documenta Documenta (often stylized documenta) is an Art exhibition, exhibition of contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. Documenta was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgarte ...

VI'' at

Kassel Kassel (; in Germany, spelled Cassel until 1926) is a city on the Fulda River in North Hesse, northern Hesse, in Central Germany (geography), central Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Regierungsbezirk Kassel (region), Kassel and the d ...

, exhibiting an ''Espace Musical'' * 1979: Performance with

Charlemagne Palestine Chaim Moshe Tzadik Palestine (born August 15, 1947), known professionally as Charlemagne Palestine, is an American visual artist and musician. He has been described as being one of the founders of New York school of minimalist music, first initia ...

at the

Musée Rath The Musée Rath is an art museum in Geneva, used exclusively for temporary exhibitions. Its building is the oldest purpose-built art museum in Switzerland, and the original home of Musée d'Art et d'Histoire (Geneva), Geneva's Musée d'Art et d'H ...

Geneva Geneva ( , ; ) ; ; . is the List of cities in Switzerland, second-most populous city in Switzerland and the most populous in French-speaking Romandy. Situated in the southwest of the country, where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva, it is the ca ...

. – ''Kölnischer Kunstverein'', performance with

Nam June Paik Nam June Paik (; July 20, 1932 – January 29, 2006) was a South Korean artist. He worked with a variety of media and is considered to be the founder of video art. He is credited with the first use (1974) of the term "electronic super highway" ...

Cologne Cologne ( ; ; ) is the largest city of the States of Germany, German state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the List of cities in Germany by population, fourth-most populous city of Germany with nearly 1.1 million inhabitants in the city pr ...

inspired by Takis's ''Espace Musical''. * 1981: ''3 totems – Espace Musical'' at the Forum of the

Centre Georges Pompidou The Centre Pompidou (), more fully the (), also known as the Pompidou Centre in English and colloquially as Beaubourg, is a building complex in Paris, France. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture by the architectural team of ...

. * 1983: Takis creates the music and the stage design for

Sophocles Sophocles ( 497/496 – winter 406/405 BC)Sommerstein (2002), p. 41. was an ancient Greek tragedian known as one of three from whom at least two plays have survived in full. His first plays were written later than, or contemporary with, those ...

' ''Electra'' directed by

Michael Cacoyannis Michalis Kakogiannis (; ; 11 June 1922 – 25 July 2011), usually credited as Michael Cacoyannis or Michael Yannis, was a Greek Cypriot filmmaker, theatre director, and playwright. He is best known for writing, directing, producing, and e ...

, in

Epidaurus Epidaurus () was a small city (''polis'') in ancient Greece, on the Argolid Peninsula at the Saronic Gulf. Two modern towns bear the name Epidavros: ''Palaia Epidavros'' and ''Nea Epidavros''. Since 2010 they belong to the new municipality of Epi ...

. * 1984: Participates in the exhibition ''The Century of Kafka'' at the

. * 1985: The

orders a ''Mur Magnétique'' for the entrance to the Galeries Contemporaines. – First prize at the

Paris Biennale The ''Biennale de Paris'' (English: Paris Biennale) is a noted French art festival, established in 1959. In 1983, the organization ceased functions, until its reestablishment in 2000 with the first exhibition of the new era occurring in 2004. T ...

. * 1986: "Parallel Erotic Line": a performance with Joelle Leandre (musician) and Martha Zioga (dancer) at the

, in

. * 1987: The defense public authority grants Takis the use of the largest space that has ever been given to any artist in the history of Paris: 3,500 m² (26,840 sq ft) for a forest of ''76 Signaux'', high. * 1988: Wins the French

Grand Prix ( , meaning ''Grand Prize''; plural ''Grands Prix'') most commonly refers to: * Grand Prix motor racing, a form of motorsport competition ** List of Formula One Grands Prix, an auto-racing championship *** Monaco Grand Prix, the most prestigious ...

for Sculpture. – Creates a signal for the

Seoul Seoul, officially Seoul Special Metropolitan City, is the capital city, capital and largest city of South Korea. The broader Seoul Metropolitan Area, encompassing Seoul, Gyeonggi Province and Incheon, emerged as the world's List of cities b ...

Olympic park. – "

Jocasta In Greek mythology, Jocasta (), also rendered as Iocaste ( ) and EpicasteHomer, ''Odyssey'', Vol. XI11.271/ref> (; ), was Queen of Thebes through her marriages to Laius and her son, Oedipus. She is best known for her role in the myths surroundi ...

": performance and exhibition "Electra 88", in Stavros Mihalarias Art Center. Takis designs the costumes, composes the music, sets the scenery and directs the performance. * 1990: Commissioned for ''Signaux lumineux'' for the ''Grande Arche de la Défense''. – Takis's representative works at Galerie Xippas in Paris. – "Isidos Awakening": performance with Barbara Maurothalasiti. * 1992: Transforms the Beauvais waterworks into a 65 m (211 feet) musical sculpture. * 1993: Retrospective at the ''Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume''. – Inauguration of K.E.T.E. in

Athens Athens ( ) is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Greece, largest city of Greece. A significant coastal urban area in the Mediterranean, Athens is also the capital of the Attica (region), Attica region and is the southe ...

. Five ''Aeolian Signals'' ornament

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO ) is a List of specialized agencies of the United Nations, specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) with the aim of promoting world peace and International secur ...

's garden. – The Minister of Greek Culture,

Melina Mercouri Maria Amalia "Melina" Mercouri (, 18 October 1920 – 6 March 1994) was a Greek actress, singer, activist, and politician. She came from a prominent political family for multiple generations. She received an Academy Award nomination and won a F ...

, described them as "totems of the 21st century". –

French Republic France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

honors Takis with the special edition of a stamp depicting Takis' spiral. * 1994: The ''Galerie Nationale du Jeu de Paume'' exhibition is shown at the School for Fine Arts in Athens. * 1995: Takis is elected to represent Greece at the 46th

Venice Biennale The Venice Biennale ( ; ) is an international cultural exhibition hosted annually in Venice, Italy. There are two main components of the festival, known as the Art Biennale () and the Venice Biennale of Architecture, Architecture Biennale (), ...

where he declares: "I am a citizen of the world" and "annuls" the Greek pavilion as a symbolic gesture of the annulment of frontiers in art; choosing to exhibit in the open space before the pavilion. * 1999: The Attiko Metro authority commissions the creation of a work for the Syngrou–Fix station in Athens. * 2000: The

Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art The Barcelona Museum of Contemporary Art (, , MACBA, ) is a contemporary art museum situated in the Plaça dels Àngels, in El Raval neighborhood, Ciutat Vella district, in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The museum opened to the public on 28 Novem ...

(MACBA) and the

Hayward Gallery The Hayward Gallery is an art gallery within the Southbank Centre in central London, England and part of an area of major arts venues on the South Bank of the River Thames. It is sited adjacent to the other Southbank Centre buildings (the Royal ...

in London put Takis' artworks on show. – Takis exposes his "solar energy sculpture" in Delphi. * 2001: The

European Parliament The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it ...

awards the "Research Center for the Art and the Sciences" an Honorary Plaque for its contribution to the field of renewable energy sources. – Takis donates three signals for the permanent collection of

Centre Pompidou The Centre Pompidou (), more fully the (), also known as the Pompidou Centre in English and colloquially as Beaubourg, is a building complex in Paris, France. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture by the architectural team of ...

in Paris. The signals are placed in the terrace of the building in the 5th floor. Four years later, the picture of the three artworks is used for

's Christmas card. – The Galerie Xippas exhibits Takis's artworks within the framework of manifestations for the Art Athina 2001 project. * 2003: Takis participates in the exhibition ''Music Mirrors – History Conscience'' commissioned by the Company for the Creation of a New Building for the Greek Lyric Stage and Academy – "

Maria Kallas Maria Callas (born Maria Anna Cecilia Sophia Kalogeropoulos; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977) was an American-born Greek soprano and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century. Many critics praised ...

". He offers a "musical" as a symbolic gesture for the New Greek Opera. – Takis's ''Ligne paralléle vibrative'' (1972) and ''Colonne magnétique'' (2003) are presented at Xippas gallery in

. – Exhibition at the European Cultural Center of Delphi: Takis participates with the ''Dedication to Apollo (study 1)''. * 2004: The ''Musical Spheres'' are displayed in the

Atomium The Atomium ( , , ) is a landmark modernist building in Brussels, Belgium, originally constructed as the centrepiece of the 1958 Brussels World's Fair (Expo 58). Designed by the engineer André Waterkeyn and the architects André and Jean Pol ...

's exposition ''en equilibre et en movement''. – Takis new work ''the Music of Spheres: Musical Space 1'' is shown in Larissa Contemporary Art Center in Greece. – ''Magnetic Walls'', ''Aeolian Signals'', ''Antigravity Spheres'', and ''Musical Spheres'' are exhibited in one art show in

Sicily Sicily (Italian language, Italian and ), officially the Sicilian Region (), is an island in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula in continental Europe and is one of the 20 regions of Italy, regions of Italy. With 4. ...

(Galleria Credito Siciliano) and Milan (Galleria Gruppo). – The

Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games (Olympics; ) are the world's preeminent international Olympic sports, sporting events. They feature summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a Multi-s ...

in Athens inspires Takis to exhibit his ''Olympic Spirals'' and ''Aeolian Signals'' in the

National Glyptotheque National Glyptotheque () is a sculpture museum located in Athens, Greece. It is an annex of the National Gallery of Greece. The museum was established in 2004 and became the first National Glyptotheque of Greece. It houses a permanent collection of ...

as well as in the exhibition ''Athens by Art'' organized by the Athenian municipality. Takis's poster inspired by the Athens 2004 Games and commissioned by the

Musée d'art contemporain du Val-de-Marne The Musée d'Art Contemporain du Val-de-Marne, nicknamed MAC/VAL, is a museum of contemporary art located in the Place de la Libération in Vitry-sur-Seine, Val-de-Marne, a suburb of Paris, France. It is open daily except Mondays; an admission fee ...

. – He puts out of use four of his ''Musicals'' exhibited in

by the

Bonham's Bonhams is a privately owned international auction house and one of the world's oldest and largest auctioneers of fine art and antiques. It was formed by the merger in November 2001 of Bonhams & Brooks and Phillips Son & Neale. This brought tog ...

auction house. He arranges that these are not sold by auction in London. * 2005: ''Solar Magnetic Fields'' exhibition at Stavros Mihalarias Art Center in Athens. * 2015: ''"The Fourth Dimension"'' exhibition a
The Menil Collection
Houston, TX – "Takis, Magnetic Fields", Solo exhibition at

Palais de Tokyo The Palais de Tokyo (''Tokyo Palace'') is a building dedicated to modern and contemporary art, located at 13 avenue du Président-Wilson, facing the Trocadéro, in the 16th arrondissement of Paris. The eastern wing of the building belongs to ...

, Paris, France * 2016: "The Signals and The Fourth Dimension" at Xippas Gallery, Geneva, Switzerland *2019: ''Takis'' retrospective at

TATE Modern Tate Modern is an art gallery in London, housing the United Kingdom's national collection of international Modern art, modern and contemporary art (created from or after 1900). It forms part of the Tate group together with Tate Britain, Tate Live ...

; the largest exhibition of Takis's work ever held in the UK, bringing together over 70 works. The exhibition, after Tate was presented in MACBA Museu d’Art Contemporani de Barcelona and the Museum of Cycladic Art in Athens. *2020: Takis exhibition at White Cube in Hong Kong, marking the late artist's first exhibition in Asia.

References

Notes

Sources

Busch, Julia M.; ''A Decade of Sculpture: the New Media in the 1960s'' (The Art Alliance Press: Philadelphia)Associated University Presses
London, (1974)

External links

Update on his work
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vassilakis, Panayiotis Greek contemporary artists 20th-century Greek sculptors 20th-century Greek male artists 1925 births 2019 deaths Artists from Athens