Pamphiliidae (sometimes incorrectly spelled Pamphilidae) is a small family within
Symphyta
Sawflies are wasp-like insects that are in the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera, alongside ants, bees, and wasps. The common name comes from the saw-like appearance of the ovipositor, which the females use to cut into the plants ...
, containing some 200 species from the temperate regions of
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, Northern and Western Hemisphere, Western hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South Ameri ...
and
Eurasia
Eurasia ( , ) is a continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia. According to some geographers, Physical geography, physiographically, Eurasia is a single supercontinent. The concept of Europe and Asia as distinct continents d ...
. The larvae feed on plants (often
conifer
Conifers () are a group of conifer cone, cone-bearing Spermatophyte, seed plants, a subset of gymnosperms. Scientifically, they make up the phylum, division Pinophyta (), also known as Coniferophyta () or Coniferae. The division contains a sin ...
s), using silk to build webs or tents, or to roll leaves into tubes in which they feed, thus earning them the common names leaf-rolling sawflies or web-spinning sawflies. Some species are gregarious and the larvae live in large groups. Fossils of Pamphiliidae have been dated to the
Jurassic
The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately 143.1 Mya. ...
period.
They are distinguished from the closely related
Megalodontesidae
The Megalodontesidae (until recently spelled Megalodontidae, a name already in use for a family of fossil molluscs) are a small family of sawflies, containing a single living genus, '' Megalodontes'', with some 40 species restricted to the temp ...
by their simple, filiform
antennae.
Taxonomy
The family is currently divided into three subfamilies based on phylogenetic analysis of both extant and extinct species.
*
Cephalciinae Benson, 1945
**''
Acantholyda
''Acantholyda'' is a genus of sawflies.
Subgenera
The genus is divided into two subgenera:
*''Acantholyda'' Costa, 1894
*''Itycorsia'' Konow, 1897
Species
* '' A. aequorea'' Middlekauff, 1958 – North America (Calif)
* '' A. aglaia'' Zheloch ...
''
Costa, 1894
**''
Caenolyda''
Konow, 1897
**''
Cephalcia''
Panzer, 1805
**''
Chinolyda''
Beneš, 1968
*
Juralydinae
**†''
Atocus''
Scudder, 1892
**†''
Juralyda''
Rasnitsyn, 1977
**''
Neurotoma''
Konow, 1897
**†''
Scabolyda''
Wang ''et al'', 2014
**†''
Tapholyda''
Rasnitsyn, 1983
*
Pamphiliinae Cameron, 1890
**''
Chrysolyda''
Shinohara, 2002
**''
Kelidoptera''
Konow, 1897
**''
Onycholyda''
Takeuchi, 1938
**''
Pamphilius''
Latreille, 1802
**''
Pseudocephaleia''
Zirngiebl, 1937
*''
Incertae sedis
or is a term used for a taxonomy (biology), taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Alternatively, such groups are frequently referred to as "enigmatic taxa". In the system of open nomenclature, uncertainty ...
''
**†''
Ulteramus''
Archibald & Rasnitsyn, 2015
References
*Borror, D. J., DeLong, D. M., Triplehorn, C. A.(1976) cuarta edición. ''An introduction to the study of insects''. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. New York, Chicago.
External links
Bugguide.net. Family Pamphiliidae - Webspinning and Leafrolling Sawflies
Sawfly families
{{Sawfly-stub