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''Pacifica'' was a statue created by Ralph Stackpole for the 1939–1940 Golden Gate International Exposition held on Treasure Island in the
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. Stackpole's largest sculpture, it towered over the entrance to the Cavalcade of the Golden West in the Court of Pacifica. The Court of Pacifica was dedicated to the heroic explorers of Pacific Ocean territories. ''Pacifica'' was the theme statue for the exposition, representing world peace, neighborliness, and the power of a unified Pacific coast.


Development

It took Stackpole two years to complete the statue as it started out as a three inch figure. It went through 50 renditions before settling upon the final model which was tall. The model was then divided into cross sections. Each cross section was enlarged eight-fold though a process using a
pantograph A pantograph (, from their original use for copying writing) is a Linkage (mechanical), mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical movements in a se ...
. Scaffolding was set up and prepared for the precise assembly of the enlarged sections. Iron was used for supports, bent and shaped around the proper contours of the statue. Next, mesh wire was layered over the entire iron frame, and then covered in a final blanket of plaster. Such a construction was always meant for temporary placement. By November 1938, when ''Life'' photographer Alfred Eisenstaedt was capturing images to promote the event, ''Pacifica'' was ready for his camera. The magazine carried the image of this, Stackpole's most monumental work, "a peaceful, contemplative, almost prayer-like female figure".


''Pacifica'' at the Golden Gate International Exposition

''Pacifica'' was physically the biggest and most conspicuous statue at the exposition. She was placed in front of a metal prayer curtain that had a backdrop of stars made of metal and small tubes that would make sound when met with a breeze. In front of the statue, in the center of the court, was a circular
fountain A fountain, from the Latin "fons" ( genitive "fontis"), meaning source or spring, is a decorative reservoir used for discharging water. It is also a structure that jets water into the air for a decorative or dramatic effect. Fountains were o ...
surrounded by the works of eight different sculptors of figures representing people living on shores of the Pacific.


Presentation


Lighting

The statue was lit by two 1500 watt underwater floodlights.Color: New Synthesis in the West Reprinted by General Electric From Architectural Record The giant spotlights gave ''Pacifica'' a look of "regal splendor." The backdrop, or Great Window, was lit by 75 amber, 150 red, and 300 blue floodlights, each 200 watts, all controlled by a
thyratron A thyratron is a type of gas-filled tube used as a high-power electrical switch and controlled rectifier. Thyratrons can handle much greater currents than similar hard-vacuum tubes. Electron multiplication occurs when the gas becomes ionized, pro ...
. This gave the entire court a very colorful and mystical appearance after dark. "The contrast brought the great figure to life, as if it were about to walk down the esplanade into the Court of the Seven Seas."


Flowers

Orange calendulas were in full bloom around the statue, as well as red, yellow, and purple ranunculus and anemones which were said at the time to be very fragrant and added a romantic edge to the court.


Destruction

From 1939 to 1940, some 16 million visitors came to the exposition. The
United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare, maritime military branch, service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is the world's most powerful navy with the largest Displacement (ship), displacement, at 4.5 millio ...
purchased the island as a naval base in 1941, and ''Pacifica'' was demolished along with most other exposition structures. After the exposition, Stackpole proposed that the sculpture be recast in a more permanent form—steel, stone or concrete—and positioned prominently on an island in the San Francisco Bay, perhaps
Alcatraz Alcatraz Island () is a small island about 1.25 miles offshore from San Francisco in San Francisco Bay, California, near the Golden Gate Strait. The island was developed in the mid-19th century with facilities for a lighthouse, a military fo ...
or Angel Island, in a manner similar to the
Statue of Liberty The Statue of Liberty (''Liberty Enlightening the World''; ) is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor, within New York City. The copper-clad statue, a gift to the United States from the people of French Thir ...
in New York Harbor. The plan was not seriously considered by civic leaders whose attention was on the events that soon brought the U.S. into direct involvement with
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
. Pacifica was demolished by the US Navy on January 22, 1941.


''Pacifica'' II

Currently, a non-profit organization called The Pacifica II Statue Project is working to recreate and resurrect ''Pacifica'' on Treasure Island. There is currently an replica of ''Pacifica'' at City College of San Francisco Ocean Campus, 50 Phelan Avenue in the garden next to the Diego Rivera Theater.


Pacifica Radio

The Pacifica Statue is purported to be the inspirational namesake for the Pacifica Foundation, founders of which, in response to revulsion at warmongering propaganda on commercial radio at the breakout of the Cold War in general and the Korean War in particular, and dread that such messaging unopposed would lead to nuclear war, launched their flagship station, KPFA, across from Treasure Island in Berkeley in 1949, with a goal of developing a private but non-commercial media network for long-form education and discussion of non-violent relations locally, nationally and worldwide.


References

{{reflist, 2


External links


Pacifica is Back
Colossal statues in the United States Golden Gate International Exposition Public art in the United States World's fair sculptures Demolished buildings and structures in San Francisco Buildings and structures demolished in 1941