Pachychilus Subnodosus

''Pachychilus'', common name the jute snails, is a genus of freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Pachychilidae.

''Pachychilus'' is the type genus of the family Pachychilidae.

Distribution

The distribution of species in the genus ''Pachychilus'' includes:
* Cuba (2 species), Venezuela, Belize, Mexico, and others.

Species

Species within the genus ''Pachychilus'' include:

* † ''Pachychilus anagrammatus'' Dall, 1913
* ''Pachychilus apheles'' F. G. Thompson, 1967
* ''Pachychilus apis'' (I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851)
* ''Pachychilus atratus'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910
* † ''Pachychilus caboblanquensis'' Weisbord, 1962
* † ''Pachychilus cancelloides'' (Aldrich, 1911)
* † ''Pachychilus canoasensis'' Olsson, 1931
* ''Pachychilus chrysalis'' (Brot, 1872)
* ''Pachychilus cinereus'' (Morelet, 1849)
* ''Pachychilus conicus'' (d'Orbigny, 1842)
* '' Pachychilus corpulentus'' F. G. Thompson, 1967
* '' Pachychilus corvinus'' (Morelet, 1849)
* '' Pachychilus cumingii'' I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851
* '' Pachychilus dalli'' Pilsbry, 1896
* † '' Pachychilus dimorphica'' (Woods, 1922)
* '' Pachychilus explicatus'' P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892
* '' Pachychilus fuentesi'' Aguayo, 1936
* † '' Pachychilus fulvus'' Garvie, 2013 †
* '' Pachychilus gassiesii'' (Reeve, 1860)
* '' Pachychilus glaphyrus'' (Morelet, 1849)
* '' Pachychilus godmanni'' (Tristram, 1863)
* '' Pachychilus gracilis'' Tristram, 1864
* † '' Pachychilus gracillimus'' (Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935)
* '' Pachychilus graphium'' (Morelet, 1849)
* '' Pachychilus hellerii'' (Brot, 1872)
* '' Pachychilus hinkleyi'' (W. B. Marshall, 1920)
* '' Pachychilus humerosus'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910
* '' Pachychilus immanis'' (Morelet, 1851)
* '' Pachychilus indiorum'' (Morelet, 1849

* '' Pachychilus intermedius'' (von dem Busch, 1844)
* '' Pachychilus jansoni'' H. Adams, 1871
* '' Pachychilus lacustris'' (Morelet, 1849)
* '' Pachychilus laevissimus'' (G.B. Sowerby I, 1824)
* '' Pachychilus largillierti'' (Philippi, 1843)
* '' Pachychilus larvatus'' (Brot, 1877)
* '' Pachychilus liebmanni'' (Philippi, 1848)
* '' Pachychilus moctezumensis'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910
* '' Pachychilus monachus'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910
* '' Pachychilus nigratus'' (Poey, 1858) - endemic to Villa Clara, CubaVázquez A. A. & Perera S. (2010). "Endemic Freshwater molluscs of Cuba and their conservation status". ''Tropical Conservation Science'' 3(2): 190-199
HTMPDF

* '' Pachychilus obeliscus'' (Reeve, 1861)
* '' Pachychilus oerstedii'' Mörch, 1861
* '' Pachychilus olssoni'' Pilsbry, 1950
* '' Pachychilus panucula'' (Morelet, 1851)
* '' Pachychilus pasionensis'' Pilsbry, 1956
* '' Pachychilus pilsbryi'' E. von Martens, 1899
* '' Pachychilus planensis'' (I. Lea, 1858)
* '' Pachychilus pleurotoma'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910
* '' Pachychilus pluristriatus'' (Say, 1831)
* '' Pachychilus polygonatus'' (I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851)
* '' Pachychilus potomarchus'' Pilsbry, 1893
* '' Pachychilus pottsianus'' Hinkley, 1920
* '' Pachychilus pyramidalis'' (Morelet, 1849)
* '' Pachychilus radix'' (Brot, 1872)
* '' Pachychilus rasconensis'' Thiele, 1928
* '' Pachychilus rivorosai'' Pilsbry, 1893
* '' Pachychilus rubidus'' (I. Lea, 1857)
* '' Pachychilus rusticulus'' (von dem Busch, 1858)
* '' Pachychilus salvini'' (Tristram, 1863)
* '' Pachychilus sargi'' (Crosse & P. Fischer, 1875)
* † '' Pachychilus satillensis'' (Aldrich, 1911)
* '' Pachychilus saussurei'' (Brot, 1860)
* '' Pachychilus schiedeanus'' (Philippi, 1843)
* '' Pachychilus schumoi'' Pilsbry, 1931
* '' Pachychilus subexaratus'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1891
* '' Pachychilus subnodosus'' (Philippi, 1847)
* '' Pachychilus suturalis'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910
* † '' Pachychilus tarataranoides'' (O. Haas, 1942)
* † '' Pachychilus terebriformis'' (J. Morris, 1859)
* '' Pachychilus tristis'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910
* '' Pachychilus turati'' (A. Villa & G. B. Villa, 1854)
* '' Pachychilus vallesensis'' Hinkley, 1907

subgenus '' Pachychiloides'' Wenz, 1939
* † '' Pachychilus lawtoni'' Perrilliat, Vega, Espinosa & Naranjo-Garcia, 2008Perrilliat M. D. C., Vega F. J., Espinosa B. & Naranjo-Garcia E. (2008). "Late Cretaceous and Paleogene Freshwater Gastropods from Northeastern Mexico". ''Journal of Paleontology'' 82(2): 255-266. . - fossil from Northeastern Mexico
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Pachychilus aquatilis'' (Reeve, 1859): synonym of '' Doryssa aquatilis'' (Reeve, 1859)
* ''Pachychilus drakei'' Arnold & Hannibal in Hannibal, 1912 †: synonym of '' Goniobasis drakei'' (Arnold & Hannibal in Hannibal, 1912) † (new combination)
* ''Pachychilus glaphyra'' (Morelet, 1849): synonym of ''Pachychilus glaphyrus'' (Morelet, 1849) (incorrect gender of species epithet)
* ''Pachychilus indifferens'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1891: synonym of ''Pachychilus corvinus indifferens'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1891 (unaccepted rank)
* ''Pachychilus lawsoni'' Hannibal, 1912 †: synonym of ''Lymnaea lawsoni'' (Hannibal, 1912) † (new combination)
* ''Pachychilus parvum'' I. Lea, 1857: synonym of '' Rehderiella parva'' (I. Lea, 1857) (original combination)
* ''Pachychilus pila'' Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910: synonym of '' Amnipila pila'' (Pilsbry & Hinkley, 1910) (original combination)
* ''Pachychilus renovatus'' (Brot, 1862): synonym of ''Pachychilus cumingii'' I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851 (replacement name for Pachychilus cumingii I. Lea & H. C. Lea, 1851 as a secondary homonym)
* ''Pachychilus reticancellata'' ic†: synonym of ''Pachychilus recticancellata'' (Kobayashi & Suzuki, 1939) † (incorrect subsequent spelling)
* ''Pachychilus suavis'' Dall, 1913 †: synonym of '' Goniobasis suavis'' (Dall, 1913) †
* ''Pachychilus tristrami'' Crosse & P. Fischer, 1892: synonym of ''Pachychilus gracilis'' Tristram, 1864 (invalid: unnecessary replacement name for ''Pachychilus gracilis'')
* ''Pachychilus violaceus'' (Preston, 1911) - endemic to the area from Santiago de Cuba to Baracoa, Cuba: synonym of ''Pachychilus nigratus'' (Poey, 1858) (junior synonym)
* ''Pachychilus vulneratus'' P. Fischer & Crosse, 1892: synonym of ''Pachychilus chrysalis'' (Brot, 1872) (junior synonym)

Human use

One of the Maya peoples, the Lacandon people, now Indigenous peoples in Mexico, Mexico's native peoples from state Chiapas, use Pachychilus indiorum, known locally as "t’unu", as a type of protein supplement to their diet when animal protein is unavailable.Nations J. D. (1979). ''Snail Shells and Maize Preparation: A Lacandon Maya Analogy''. American Antiquity 44.3: 568-571. In addition, the gastropod shell, shells from this "chuti" snail have great nutritional value, as they provide calcium and slaked lime (material), lime when burnt. They are often preferred as a lime source over local limestone or other freshwater snail species for their purity as an alkali. The slaked lime is added to maize during the nixtamalisation, process of making maize dough for tortillas, pozole, and other foods. Slaked lime allows the release of amino acids such as tryptophan and lysine and the vitamin Niacin (substance), niacin, which would otherwise be unavailable from the maize (unable to be metabolized) if the lime were not added.

References

External links

Lea, I.; Lea, H. C. (1851). Description of a new genus of the family Melaniana, and of many new species of the genus Melania, chiefly collected by Hugh Cuming, Esq., during his zoological voyage in the East, and now first described. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 18: 179-197

Pilsbry, H. A. (1893). Notes on a collection of shells from the State of Tabasco, Mexico. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 44: 338-341, pl. 14

Fischer, P. & Crosse, H. (1870-1902). Études sur les mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du Mexique et du Guatemala. Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l'Amerique Centrale. Recherches zoologiques, Partie 7 Volume 1: 702 pp., pls 1-31; volume 2: 731 pp., pls 32-72. Paris: Imprimerie Nationale. Published in 17 livraisons

{{Taxonbar, from=Q7122102

Pachychilus, Pachychilus
Taxa named by Isaac Lea
Gastropod genera