The PSA XUD is a

diesel engine The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-ca ...

designed and built by

PSA PSA, PsA, Psa, or psa may refer to: Biology and medicine * Posterior spinal artery * Primary systemic amyloidosis, a disease caused by the accumulation of abnormal proteins * Prostate-specific antigen, an enzyme used as a blood tracer for prost ...

Peugeot Peugeot (, , ) is a French brand of automobiles owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was founded in 1810, with a steel foundry that soon started making hand tools and kitchen equipment, and then ...

and

Citroën Citroën () is a French automobile brand. The "Automobiles Citroën" manufacturing company was founded in March 1919 by André Citroën. Citroën is owned by Stellantis since 2021 and previously was part of the PSA Group after Peugeot acquired ...

. It is an

Indirect injection Indirect injection in an internal combustion engine is fuel injection where fuel is not directly injected into the combustion chamber. Gasoline engines equipped with indirect injection systems, wherein a fuel injector delivers the fuel at some po ...

(IDI) engine, that uses a version of the Ricardo Consulting Engineers ''Ricardo Comet V'' prechamber cylinder head design. The engine comes in , , and 2.1-liter displacements. The 2.1 has 12 valves, all displacements were built either naturally aspirated or

turbocharged In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (often called a turbo) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake gas, forcing more air into the engine in order to pro ...

. The XUD was the predecessor to the HDI range of engines. Early HDi Engines were a PSA design, later 16-valve engines were jointly developed with Ford.

Design

The XUD was available with either

SOHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine where the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustion ch ...

8-valve or 12-valve heads. It was mainly applied transversally in

front wheel drive Front-wheel drive (FWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, where the engine drives the front wheels only. Most modern front-wheel drive vehicles feature a transverse engine, rather than the conventional longi ...

vehicles, tilted by 30°. However, some applications in non-PSA vehicles had the engine installed longitudinally, with

rear-wheel drive Rear-wheel drive (RWD) is a form of engine and transmission layout used in motor vehicles, in which the engine drives the rear wheels only. Until the late 20th century, rear-wheel drive was the most common configuration for cars. Most rear-wheel ...

. The XUD is built in Citroën's plant in Trémery, near

Metz Metz ( , , lat, Divodurum Mediomatricorum, then ) is a city in northeast France located at the confluence of the Moselle and the Seille rivers. Metz is the prefecture of the Moselle department and the seat of the parliament of the Grand Est ...

. Displacement ranges between , and all XU diesel engines have a stroke of either . The former was shared with the XU9. Bore sizes range from , some of which are shared with other XU engines. Upon its release the engine was noted as one of the best

s (for cars and light vans) in the world with its high power output and refinement it made all other diesel engines seem agricultural. It was also particularly light, with a ready-to-run XUD9 weighing , 15% less than a comparable diesel of the previous generation.

Vegetable oil fuel

The engine, because it is

indirect injection Indirect injection in an internal combustion engine is fuel injection where fuel is not directly injected into the combustion chamber. Gasoline engines equipped with indirect injection systems, wherein a fuel injector delivers the fuel at some po ...

, with a slower combustion burn time than direct injection, is suitable to run on SVO (pure

vegetable oil Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of fruits. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are ''mixtures'' of triglycerides. Soybean oil, grape seed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of seed oils, ...

). A feature of the Ricardo Comet pre-chamber design is that it makes the engine tolerant of low Cetane value fuels such as SVO. The viscosity of vegetable oil when cold is too great for rotary

injection pump An Injection Pump is the device that pumps fuel into the cylinders of a diesel engine. Traditionally, the injection pump was driven indirectly from the crankshaft by gears, chains or a toothed belt (often the timing belt) that also drives the cam ...

s, (in particular the weaker Lucas CAV pump, the

Bosch Bosch may refer to: People * Bosch (surname) * Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450 – 1516), painter * Van den Bosch, a Dutch toponymic surname * Carl Bosch, a German chemical engineer and nephew of Robert Bosch * Robert Bosch, founder of Robert Bosch Gm ...

VE fuel pump is superior), preventing it from acting as a lubricant and increasing the workload on the distributor/rotary injection pump and damaging it. The Lucas EPIC pump fitted to the 2.1 L 12 valve

turbo-diesel The term turbo-diesel, also written as turbodiesel and turbo diesel, refers to any diesel engine equipped with a turbocharger. As with other engine types, turbocharging a diesel engine can significantly increase its efficiency and power output, ...

engine after 1995 is the weakest pump of all.

XUD7

The XUD7 has a displacement of , with a bore and a stroke of . Output is for the naturally aspirated version or for the

model. An

intercooled An intercooler is a heat exchanger used to cool a gas after compression. Often found in turbocharged engines, intercoolers are also used in air compressors, air conditioners, refrigeration and gas turbines. Internal combustion engines Most ...

turbocharged version was introduced later, with on tap. All are Diesel engines.

XUD9

The XUD9 has a displacement of , with a bore and a stroke of . Both turbocharged and naturally aspirated versions were produced. Most turbocharged versions feature an intercooler, although a limited number of installations in the

Citroën Xantia The Citroën Xantia, pronounced "Zan–ti–a" is a large family car ( D) produced by the French automaker Citroën, and designed by Bertone. Presented to the press in December 1992, the car was produced between 1992 and 2002 in Europe, with a f ...

featured a Turbocharger without intercooler. Both engines also featured either a Bosch or a Lucas

mechanical fuel pump A fuel pump is a component in motor vehicles that transfers liquid from the fuel tank to the carburetor or fuel injector of the internal combustion engine. Carbureted engines often use low pressure mechanical pumps that are mounted outside the ...

and injectors. The engine version with the Bosch pump is known to have been run with vegetable oil. The original XUD9 engine is known as the "square port" engine, as its cylinder head has square exhaust ports. Later (and noticeably improved) XUD9A engines have oval ports. PSA Group licensed a modified version of the naturally aspirated version of the engine with a catalytic converter designated the XUD9/Z to

Hyundai Hyundai is a South Korean industrial conglomerate ("chaebol"), which was restructured into the following groups: * Hyundai Group, parts of the former conglomerate which have not been divested ** Hyundai Mobis, Korean car parts company ** Hyundai As ...

which was rated at 50kw. It was used in the European specification of the Lantra (1996–1999).

XUD11

The XUD11 was available in two displacements: * — XUD11 A naturally aspirated * — XUD11 ATE/BTE turbocharged Both were 12-valve SOHC engines with a stroke. The naturally aspirated ''XUD11 A'' was bored to for a total displacement of , while the turbocharged ''ATE/BTE'' versions were reduced in bore to for a total of . The BTE engines used a Lucas EPIC (Electronically Programmed Injection Control) fuel pump, whereas the ATE engines used a Bosch injection pump with a throttle cable.

Vehicles

The engine has been installed into the following vehicles:- * Auverland A3 * Citroën BX *

Citroën Visa The Citroën Visa is a five-door, front-engine, front wheel drive supermini manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1978 to 1988 in gasoline and diesel variants. 1,254,390 examples were ultimately manufactured over a single generation, with a ...

* Citroën C15 * Citroën ZX * Citroën Xsara * Citroën Berlingo *

Citroën XM The Citroën XM is a front-engine, front-drive, five-passenger, five-door hatchback noted for its hydropneumatic suspension. Manufactured and marketed by Citroën from 1989 to 2000, with a minor facelift in 1994, XM production reached 333,405 ...

* Eurovan (PSA/Fiat joint venture) Sevel Nord **Citroën Evasion/Synergie/C8 **Citroën Jumpy (Dispatch in UK) **Fiat Ulysse **Fiat Scudo **Peugeot 806/807 ** Peugeot Expert **Lancia Zeta/Phedra * Sevel Sud - Larger Panel Van PSA/Fiat Ducato joint venture ** Citroën C25 **

Citroën Jumper The Fiat Ducato is a light commercial vehicle jointly developed by FCA Italy and PSA Group (currently Stellantis), and mainly manufactured by Sevel, a joint venture between the two companies since 1981. It has also been sold as the Citroën C25, ...

(Relay in UK) ** Peugeot J5 (Talbot Express in UK) ** Peugeot Boxer * FSO Polonez/Caro * Honda Concerto (badge engineered Rover 200 diesel for European market) * Hyundai Lantra *

Lada Niva The Lada Niva Legend, formerly called the Lada Niva, VAZ-2121, VAZ-2131, and Lada 4×4 (russian: link=no, ВАЗ-2121, ВАЗ-2131, Лада Нива), is a series of four-wheel drive, small (hatchback), and compact (wagon and pickup) off-road c ...

* LDV 200/Pilot *

Peugeot 205 The Peugeot 205 is a supermini ( B-segment) car produced by the French manufacturer Peugeot from 1983 to 1999. It was declared "car of the decade" by '' CAR Magazine'' in 1990. It also won '' What Car?s Car of the Year for 1984. The 205 was int ...

* Peugeot 305 *

Peugeot 306 The Peugeot 306 is a small family car built by the French car manufacturer Peugeot from 1993 to 2002. It replaced the 309. Peugeot gave the 306 many updates and aesthetic changes to keep up with the competition, and it was replaced by the 307 in ...

* Peugeot 309 *

Peugeot 405 The Peugeot 405 is a large family car released by the French automaker Peugeot in July 1987, and which continues to be manufactured under licence outside France, having been discontinued in Europe in 1997. It was voted European Car of the Year for ...

Peugeot 406 The Peugeot 406 is a large family car that was produced by French automaker Peugeot between 1995 and 2004. Available in saloon, estate and coupé bodystyles with a choice of petrol or turbodiesel engines, the 406 replaced the Peugeot 405 in Peuge ...

* Peugeot 605 * Peugeot Partner * Suzuki Baleno * Suzuki Samurai (Santana) * Suzuki Vitara (Santana) * Talbot Horizon *

Tata Telcoline The Tata Telcoline is a mid-size pickup truck made by the Indian automaker Tata Motors since 1988. In India, it was originally known as the Tatamobile 206, and since 2002, the name was changed to the Tata 207 DI. In export markets, it has been s ...

/ Tata Telcosport * Rover 200 * Rover 400 *

UMM ALTER 2000 In the year 2000, UMM launched a new version of the Alter, the Alter 2000. With a 2.1 litre Turbo Diesel engine made by Peugeot, this engine was claimed to be quieter, more fuel efficient and had more torque. The suspension, the brakes system and ...

References

Guide des moteurs Peugeot Citroën
(in French) {{DEFAULTSORT:Psa Xud XUD Diesel engines by model Straight-four engines fr:XU (moteur)