Prospero

Prospero ( ) is a fictional character and the protagonist of William Shakespeare's ''The Tempest''.

Character

Twelve years before the play begins, Prospero is usurped from his position as the rightful Duke of Milan by his brother Antonio, who puts Prospero and his three-year-old daughter Miranda to sea on a "rotten carcass" of a boat to die. Prospero and Miranda survived and found exile on a small island inhabited mostly by spirits. Prospero learned sorcery from books, and uses it to protect Miranda.

Before the play begins, Prospero freed the magical spirit Ariel from entrapment within "a cloven pine". Ariel is beholden to Prospero after he is freed from his imprisonment inside the pine tree. Prospero then takes Ariel as a slave. Prospero's sorcery is sufficiently powerful to control Ariel and other spirits, as well as to alter weather and even raise the dead: "Graves at my command have waked their sleepers, oped, and let 'em forth, by my so potent Art." - Act V, scene 1.

On the island, Prospero becomes master of the monster Caliban, the son of a malevolent witch named Sycorax, and forces Caliban into submission by punishing him with magic if he does not obey.

Prospero's speech

''The Tempest'' is believed to be the last play Shakespeare wrote alone. In this play there are two candidate soliloquies by Prospero which critics have taken to be Shakespeare's own "retirement speech".

One speech is the "Our revels now are ended" or "Cloud-capp'd towers..." speech:

Our revels now are ended: These our actors—,
As I foretold you—, were all spirits and
Are melted into air, into thin air;
And, like the baseless fabric of this vision,
The cloud-capp'd towers, the gorgeous palaces,
The solemn temples, the great globe itself,
Yea, all which it inherit, shall dissolve
And, like this insubstantial pageant faded,
Leave not a rack behind: we are such stuff
As dreams are made on, and our little life
Is rounded with a sleep. — ''The Tempest'', Act 4, Scene 1

The final soliloquy and epilogue is the other candidate.

Now my charms are all o'erthrown,
And what strength I have's mine own,
Which is most faint: now, 'tis true,
I must be here confined by you,
Or sent to Naples. Let me not,
Since I have my dukedom got
And pardon'd the deceiver, dwell
In this bare island by your spell;
But release me from my bands
With the help of your good hands:
Gentle breath of yours my sails
Must fill, or else my project fails,
Which was to please. Now I want
Spirits to enforce, art to enchant,
And my ending is despair,
Unless I be relieved by prayer,
Which pierces so that it assaults
Mercy itself and frees all faults.
As you from crimes would pardon'd be,
Let your indulgence set me free.

Portrayals

Stage

Portrayals of Prospero in Royal Shakespeare Company productions include:

Portrayals of Prospero at the Old Vic include:
* Sir John Gielgud (1931, 1940, 1974)
* Max von Sydow (1988)
* Sir Derek Jacobi (2003)
* Stephen Dillane (2010)

Portrayals of Prospero for the New York Shakespeare Festival include:
* James Earl Jones (1962)
* Raul Julia (1981)
* Patrick Stewart (1995) at the Delacorte Theater, later moved to Broadway's Broadhurst Theater.
* Sam Waterston (2015)

Portrayals of Prospero for the Globe Theatre include:
* Vanessa Redgrave (2000); she also played "Ariel" to her father Sir Michael Redgrave's "Prospero" in the 1964 Caedmon recording.
* Roger Allam (2013), videotaped and later broadcast as part of their Live Cinema broadcasts.

Portrayals of Prospero for the Stratford Shakespeare Festival include:
* William Hutt (1962, 1976, 1999, 2005)
* Len Cariou (1982), videotaped and broadcast on television in 1983
* Alan Scarfe (1992)
* Christopher Plummer (2010), videotaped and broadcast on television
* Martha Henry (2018)

Other stage portrayals of Prospero include:

Film and television

Prospero-esque characters have included:
* Paul Mazursky's film '' Tempest'' (1982) starring John Cassavetes as "Philip Dimitrius", who is an exile of his own cynical discontent, ego and self-betrayal and who abandons America for a utopian "kingdom" on a secluded Greek isle.
* The 1998 TV movie ''The Tempest'', set in a Mississippi bayou during the American Civil War, based on Shakespeare's play and starring Peter Fonda as "Gideon Prosper", a Prospero-esque plantation owner who has learned voodoo from his slaves.

Audio

Audio portrayals of Prospero include:

In popular culture

* In the comic book series '' The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen'' by Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill, Prospero appears as a founding member of the first such grouping in 1610, alongside his familiars Caliban and Ariel.
* Paul Prospero, the protagonist of '' The Vanishing of Ethan Carter'' (2014), is named after Prospero.
* In John Bellairs's novel '' The Face in the Frost'' (1969), one of the protagonists is a wizard named Prospero ("and not the one you're thinking of") .
* In Warhammer: 40,000 and further fleshed out in ''The Horus Heresy'' series, several books take place on a planet called Prospero, home of Magnus the Red and his Thousand Sons Space Marine legion. The citizens of the planet are versed in sorcery and psychic powers, earning them the suspicion and ire of the rest of the Imperium of Man.
* ''Melon Cauliflower'', by New Zealand playwright Tom McCrory, is about a man Prospero, in his late sixties, who struggles to come to terms with the death of his wife and has mistreated his daughter Miranda.
* " The Masque of the Red Death", by Edgar Allan Poe, is set at the manor of a Prince Prospero
* In the television series '' Star Trek: The Next Generation'' by Gene Roddenberry and CBS / Paramount Pictures, Prospero appears briefly played by Lt. Cmdr. Data ( Brent Spiner) during the beginning of Season 7 Episode 23 entitled "Emergence". He recites some lines of Prospero's speech before asking Captain Picard ( Patrick Stewart) to provide some insight into the character of Prospero and Shakespeare's ''The Tempest'' in general.
* In the mobile game ''Star Trek Timelines'' a character was released in February 2017 called Prospero Data, recalling the character's appearance in the previously mentioned ''Star Trek: The Next Generation'' episode.
* A good wizard named Prospero appears in Polish children's animated cartoon ' based on the books by Ewa Karwan-Jastrzębska.
* Prospero is the main antagonist in season 2 of TV series '' The Librarians''. This version of Prospero ( Richard Cox) is a Fictional, a character brought to life by magic, and has become bitter over the way his story was written, as he feels it was made without his consent. After regaining his book and obtaining the Staff of Zarathustra, he imprisons the Librarians within his illusions, but his servant Ariel (an actual fairy rather than a character) rebels and frees them. Prospero subsequently begins to reshape the world in his image, while also possessing his creator Shakespeare in order to change the past. The Librarians destroy his staff and exorcise him from Shakespeare's body, banishing him back to his original story.
* In episode 1 of the video game '' Life is Strange: Before the Storm'', the drama students of Blackwell Academy are seen rehearsing for their upcoming play, ''The Tempest''. The character Rachel Amber plays Prospero and the player character, Chloe Price plays Ariel briefly. The play itself occurs during episode 2.
* In the manga series '' One Piece'', a character with the name Perospero appears in chapter 834, partly inspired by Prospero. His mother, Charlotte Linlin also seems to be inspired by the character as she is the one to use magic to control everything on the Island with her soul.
* The novels and television series '' The Expanse'' use several Shakespearean allusions, including " Caliban" in reference to monstrous human-alien hybrids, and correspondingly "Prospero Station", a research facility that was developing and controlling them.
*In the national bestseller ''The Night Circus'' by Erin Morgenstern, magician Hector Bowen, father of protagonist Celia Bowen, goes by the name of Prospero whilst performing.
*In the season 30 episode of ''The Simpsons'' titled " I'm Just a Girl Who Can't Say D'oh", Sideshow Mel leaves a play Marge is directing to play Prospero and is replaced by Professor Frink.
*In the strategy game '' Into the Breach'': There is a possibility to gain a red colored robotic pilot named Prospero by default. This pilot has the special ability of giving the mech he pilots flight.
*In the flight simulator Project Wingman, a major city of Cascadia, an allied nation to the protagonist, is named Prospero.
*In the anime series '' Mobile Suit Gundam: The Witch from Mercury'', the main character's mother goes by the name Prospera Mercury. She has sent her daughter, Suletta Mercury, to a piloting school alongside a Gundam named Aerial.
*Prospero's 'our revels now are ended' speech, is recited by Anton Lesser to play out the final episode of '' Endeavour'', the prequel to ''Inspector Morse''.
* In the 2023 dystopian novel '' The Ferryman'' by Justin Cronin, the setting is an archipelago named Prospera. Prospero's speeches are quoted several times throughout the novel.
* The novels Ilium/Olympos by Dan Simmons feature Prospero as well as several other characters from The Tempest.
* In the BBC television series Doctor Who, the Sycorax are an alien race who invade the Earth at Christmas. The Sycorax possess a science, similar to witchcraft, which allows them to use a blood sample to control all humans of the same blood type.

References

External links

Shakespeare Birthplace Trust - past RSC productions

{{Authority control

Literary characters introduced in 1611
Literary archetypes
Fictional Italian people in literature
Male Shakespearean characters
Fictional dukes and duchesses
Fictional castaways
Characters in The Tempest
Fictional characters who use magic
Fictional exiles