The PARM 1 (DM12) and its improved version (DM22) is a German

off-route mine An anti-tank or AT mine is a type of land mine designed to damage or destroy vehicles including tanks and armored fighting vehicles. Compared to anti-personnel mines, anti-tank mines typically have a much larger explosive charge, and a fuze desi ...

that fires a fin stabilized rocket. ''PARM'' stands for ''PanzerAbwehrRichtMine'', anti-tank directional mine.

Development

The mine was developed in the early 1980s to meet the US MIL-STD-331A and US MIL-STD-810C requirements. Trials of the mine were conducted between March 1983 and March 1988. In June 1988 it was accepted into service with the

Bundeswehr The (, ''Federal Defence'') are the armed forces of the Germany, Federal Republic of Germany. The is divided into a military part (armed forces or ''Streitkräfte'') and a civil part, the military part consists of the four armed forces: Germ ...

, with the Army receiving the first batch of 25,000 between 1991 and 1994. The PARM 2 was a development of PARM 1 incorporating an infrared sensor and an improved rocket. The German Ministry of Defense signed a contract with TDW in October 2023 to deliver mines to replace those sent to Ukraine, restarting DM22 production for the first time since 1998. 2,600 mines are initially ordered with an option for 10,000 more; the first production qualification batch is planned for 2025, with serial production starting in 2026, and first deliveries planned for 2027.

Variants

PARM 1

The PARM 1 is mounted on a small tripod, allowing it to be traversed through 360 degrees, elevated to 90 degrees and depressed to −45 degrees. The mine is manually emplaced and incorporates an arming delay of five minutes. It is detonated by a

fibre optic An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light from one end to the other. Such fibers find wide usage in fiber-optic communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at ...

trigger cable, which triggers the mine when it is crushed. The mine has an effective range of between . The rocket has a velocity of approximately , and has a claimed armour penetration of . The modified DM22 automatically deactivates after 40 days. 1600 DM22 mines were delivered to Ukrainian armed services in early May 2022.

PARM 2

The PARM 2 incorporates an infrared sensor, the SAPIR, which acts to accurately fire the rocket to ranges up to . The warhead of the PARM 2 has been upgraded, with armour penetration of and a capability against

reactive armour Reactive armour is a type of vehicle armour used in protecting vehicles, especially modern tanks, against shaped charges and hardened kinetic energy penetrators. The most common type is ''explosive reactive armour'' (ERA), but variants include ...

. It can be programmed to be active for between several hours and 30 days.

PARM NextGen

The PARM NextGen was introduced in 2024, and compared to the PARM 2 (DM 22), it has a 50% increased range.

DM58

The DM58 is a training variant of the PARM mine system.

Specifications

Operators

Current operators

; : Germany operates DM12 and DM22 mines. ; (3,420) : Germany supplied some mines that were in storage in the early stages of the full scale invasion of Ukraine. : As of April 2025, 3,420 mines were supplied to Ukraine.

Future operators

; : 2,600 DM 22 ordered in October 2023 as part of a framework agreement with an option for 10,000 additional mines, to be ordered by tranches of 1,000 mines. : In April 2025, an agreement was signed with Norway and Latvia for a common procurement of additional DM22 mines. ; : In April 2025, an agreement was signed with Norway and Germany for a common procurement of additional DM22 mines. ; : In April 2025, an agreement was signed with Germany and Latvia for a common procurement of additional DM22 mines.

References

* {{ORDATA mines, 1916, PARM 1 * ''Jane's Mines and Mine Clearance 2005-2006'' Anti-tank mines Tripwire weapons Land mines of Germany