P.F. Strawson
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Sir Peter Frederick Strawson (; 23 November 1919 – 13 February 2006) was an English
philosopher Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...
who spent most of his career at the University of Oxford. He was the Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at
Magdalen College, Oxford Magdalen College ( ) is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford. It was founded in 1458 by Bishop of Winchester William of Waynflete. It is one of the wealthiest Oxford colleges, as of 2022, and ...
from 1968 to 1987. He had previously held the positions of college lecturer and tutorial fellow at
University College, Oxford University College, formally The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University commonly called University College in the University of Oxford and colloquially referred to as "Univ", is a Colleges of the University of Oxf ...
, a college he returned to upon his retirement in 1987, and which provided him with rooms until his death. Paul Snowdon and Anil Gomes, in the ''
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy The ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'' (''SEP'') is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication ...
'', comment that Strawson "exerted a considerable influence on philosophy, both during his lifetime and, indeed, since his death."


Early years

Strawson was born in
Ealing Ealing () is a district in west London (sub-region), west London, England, west of Charing Cross in the London Borough of Ealing. It is the administrative centre of the borough and is identified as a major metropolitan centre in the London Pl ...
, west London, and brought up in
Finchley Finchley () is a large district of north London, England, in the London Borough of Barnet. north of Charing Cross, nearby districts include: Golders Green, Muswell Hill, Friern Barnet, Whetstone, London, Whetstone, Mill Hill and Hendon. It is ...
, north London, by his parents, both of whom were teachers. He was educated at
Christ's College, Finchley Christ's College is a secondary school with academy status in East Finchley, London, United Kingdom. It falls under the London Borough of Barnet Local Education Authority for admissions. Since September 2018, Christ’s College Finchley has off ...
, followed by
St John's College, Oxford St John's College is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979.Communication from Michael Riordan, college archivist Its foun ...
, where he read
Philosophy, Politics and Economics Philosophy, politics and economics, or politics, philosophy and economics (PPE), is an interdisciplinary undergraduate or postgraduate academic degree, degree which combines study from three disciplines. The first institution to offer degrees in P ...
. During the Second World War, Strawson served first with the
Royal Artillery The Royal Regiment of Artillery, commonly referred to as the Royal Artillery (RA) and colloquially known as "The Gunners", is one of two regiments that make up the artillery arm of the British Army. The Royal Regiment of Artillery comprises t ...
from 1940, and then with the
Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers The Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME ) is the maintenance arm of the British Army that maintains the equipment that the Army uses. The corps is described as the "British Army's professional engineers". History Prior t ...
. He was demobilised in 1946, with the rank of captain. After his military service, he went initially to the (then)
University College of North Wales Bangor University () is a public research university in Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. It was established by Royal Charter in 1885 as the University College of North Wales (UCNW; ), and in 1893 became one of the founding institutions of the federal ...
at Bangor, as an assistant lecturer. After winning the John Locke scholarship in 1946, and the support of
Gilbert Ryle Gilbert Ryle (19 August 1900 – 6 October 1976) was a British philosopher, principally known for his critique of Cartesian dualism, for which he coined the phrase " ghost in the machine". Some of Ryle's ideas in philosophy of mind have been ca ...
, he went to University College, Oxford, initially as a lecturer, and then, from 1948, as a fellow. Strawson was a pupil of
Paul Grice Herbert Paul Grice (13 March 1913 – 28 August 1988), usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British philosopher of language who created the theory of implicature and the cooperative principle ( ...
, who later became his colleague and collaborator.


Philosophical work

Strawson first became well known with his article "On Referring" (1950), a criticism of
Bertrand Russell Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and public intellectual. He had influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, and various areas of analytic ...
's
theory of descriptions The theory of descriptions is the philosopher Bertrand Russell's most significant contribution to the philosophy of language. It is also known as Russell's theory of descriptions (commonly abbreviated as RTD). In short, Russell argued that the ...
(see also
Definite description In formal semantics and philosophy of language, a definite description is a denoting phrase in the form of "the X" where X is a noun-phrase or a singular common noun. The definite description is ''proper'' if X applies to a unique individual or ...
s) that Russell explained in the famous "
On Denoting "On Denoting" is an essay by Bertrand Russell. It was published in the philosophy journal ''Mind (journal), Mind'' in 1905. In it, Russell introduces and advocates his theory of denoting phrases, according to which definite descriptions and other ...
" article (1905). In philosophical methodology, there are (at least) two important and interrelated features of Strawson's work that are worthy of note. The first is the project of a 'descriptive' metaphysics, and the second is his notion of a shared conceptual scheme, composed of concepts operated in everyday life. In his book ''Individuals'' (1959), Strawson attempts to describe various concepts that form an interconnected web, representing (part of) our common, shared, human conceptual scheme. In particular, he examines our conceptions of basic
particular In metaphysics, particulars or individuals are usually contrasted with ''universals''. Universals concern features that can be exemplified by various different particulars. Particulars are often seen as concrete, spatiotemporal entities as opposed ...
s, and how they are variously brought under general spatio-temporal concepts. What makes this a metaphysical project is that it exhibits, in fine detail, the structural features of our thought about the world, and thus precisely delimits how we, humans, think about reality. Strawson's ''Individuals'' played a role in reviving the field of metaphysics following its unpopularity during the period following the
linguistic turn The linguistic turn was a major development in Western philosophy during the early 20th century, the most important characteristic of which is the focusing of philosophy primarily on the relations between language, language users, and the world. ...
, although the metaphysics which followed Strawson was different, Strawson was only concerned in describing the logical structure of our thinking about the world. Strawson distinguished between 'revisionary' and 'descriptive metaphysics', he wrote: "Descriptive metaphysics is content to describe the actual structure of our thought about the world, revisionary metaphysics is concerned to produce a better structure". The purpose of the former is to "lay bare the most general features of our conceptual scheme" and to understand structures which do not "readily display itself on the structures of language but lies submerged" by analysing those metaphysical concepts which have always existed. He lists
Aristotle Aristotle (; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosophy, Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, a ...
and
Kant Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, et ...
as descriptive and Descartes and
Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (or Leibnitz; – 14 November 1716) was a German polymath active as a mathematician, philosopher, scientist and diplomat who is credited, alongside Sir Isaac Newton, with the creation of calculus in addition to many ...
as revisionary. Strawson was made a Fellow of the
British Academy The British Academy for the Promotion of Historical, Philosophical and Philological Studies is the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. It was established in 1902 and received its royal charter in the sa ...
in 1960 and a Foreign Honorary Member of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences The American Academy of Arts and Sciences (The Academy) is one of the oldest learned societies in the United States. It was founded in 1780 during the American Revolution by John Adams, John Hancock, James Bowdoin, Andrew Oliver, and other ...
in 1971. He was president of the
Aristotelian Society The Aristotelian Society for the Systematic Study of Philosophy, more generally known as the Aristotelian Society, is a philosophical society in London. History Aristotelian Society was founded at a meeting on 19 April 1880, at 17 Bloomsbury Squar ...
from 1969 to 1970. He was
knighted A knight is a person granted an honorary title of a knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church, or the country, especially in a military capacity. The concept of a knighthood ...
in 1977, for services to philosophy.


Personal life

After serving as a captain in the
Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers The Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (REME ) is the maintenance arm of the British Army that maintains the equipment that the Army uses. The corps is described as the "British Army's professional engineers". History Prior t ...
during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, Strawson married Ann Martin in 1945. They had four children, including the philosopher
Galen Strawson Galen John Strawson (; born 1952) is a British analytic philosopher and literary critic who works primarily on philosophy of mind, metaphysics (including free will, panpsychism, the mind–body problem, and the self), John Locke, David Hume, Im ...
. P. F. Strawson lived in Oxford all his adult life and died in hospital on 13 February 2006 after a short illness. He was the elder brother of Major General John Strawson. His obituary in ''
The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardi ...
'' noted that "Oxford was the world capital of philosophy between 1950 and 1970, and American academics flocked there, rather than the traffic going the other way. That golden age had no greater philosopher than Sir Peter Strawson." In its obituary, ''The Times'' of London described him as a "philosopher of matchless range who made incisive, influential contributions to problems of language and metaphysics". The author went on to say: His portrait was painted by the artists Muli Tang and
Daphne Todd Daphne Todd OBE (born 27 March 1947) is an English artist who was the first female President of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters from 1994–2000, and who won the BP Portrait Award 2010 with a painting of her 100-year-old mother's corpse. ...
.


Works


Books

* ''Introduction to Logical Theory'', (London: Methuen, 1952. ** Italian translation by A. Visalberghi (Torino: Einaudi, 1961) ** Japanese translation by S. Tsunetoshi, et al. (Kyoto: Houritsu Bunkasya, 1994) * ''Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics'', (London: Methuen, 1959) ** German translation by F. Scholz (Stuttgart: Reclam, 1972) ** French translation by A. Shalom and P. Drong (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1973) ** Italian translation by E. Bencivenga (Milan: Feltrinelli, 1978) ** Japanese translation by H. Nakamura (Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo, 1978) ** Polish translation by B. Chwedenczuk (Warsaw: Wydawniczy Pax, 1980) ** Spanish translation by A. Suarez and L. Villanueva (Madrid: Taurus, 1989) **Brazilian Portuguese translation by P. J. Smith (São Paulo: Editora Unesp, 2019) * '' The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason''. (London: Methuen, 1966) ** Spanish translation by C. Luis Andre (Madrid: Revista de Occidente, 1975) ** German translation by E. Lange (Hain, 1981) ** Italian translation by M. Palumbo (Roma-Bari: Laterza, 1985) ** Japanese translation by T. Kumagai, et al. (Tokyo: Keiso Shobo, 1987) * ''Logico-Linguistic Papers''. (London: Methuen, 1971) * ''Freedom and Resentment and other Essays''. (London: Methuen, 1974) * ''Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar''. (London: Methuen, 1974) * ''Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties''. (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985) * '' Analysis and Metaphysics: An Introduction to Philosophy''. (Oxford:
Oxford University Press Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford. It is the largest university press in the world. Its first book was printed in Oxford in 1478, with the Press officially granted the legal right to print books ...
, 1992) ** Estonian translation by T. Hallap (Tartu: University of Tartu Press, 2016) * ''Entity and Identity''. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997) * ''Philosophical Writings'', ed. Galen Strawson and Michelle Montague, (Oxford University Press, 2011)


Articles

* "Necessary Propositions and Entailment Statements" (''Mind'', 1948) * "Truth" (''Analysis'', 1949) reprinted in MacDonald, Margaret (ed.) '' Philosophy and Analysis'' (1966)
954 Year 954 ( CMLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe * Spring – A Hungarian army led by Bulcsú crosses the Rhine. He camps at Worms in the capital of his ally Conrad the Red, d ...
* "Ethical Intuitionism" (''Philosophy'', 1949), reprinted in ''Philosophical Writings'' (2011) and Sellars and
Hospers John Hospers (June 9, 1918 – June 12, 2011) was an American philosopher and political activist. Hospers was interested in Objectivism, and was once a friend of the philosopher Ayn Rand, though she later broke with him. In 1972, Hospers became ...
, '' Readings in Ethical Theory'' (1952) * "Truth" (''
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society The Aristotelian Society for the Systematic Study of Philosophy, more generally known as the Aristotelian Society, is a philosophical society in London. History Aristotelian Society was founded at a meeting on 19 April 1880, at 17 Bloomsbury Squar ...
'' suppl. vol. xxiv, 1950), reprinted in Longworth, Guy (ed.)
Virtual Issue One: Truth
' (2013) * " On Referring" (''
Mind The mind is that which thinks, feels, perceives, imagines, remembers, and wills. It covers the totality of mental phenomena, including both conscious processes, through which an individual is aware of external and internal circumstances ...
'', 1950), reprinted in Copi, Irving (ed.) '' Contemporary Readings in Logical Theory'' (1967) * "Particular and General" (''
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society The Aristotelian Society for the Systematic Study of Philosophy, more generally known as the Aristotelian Society, is a philosophical society in London. History Aristotelian Society was founded at a meeting on 19 April 1880, at 17 Bloomsbury Squar ...
'', 1953 * "Wittgenstein's ''Philosophical Investigations'' (''Mind'', vol. 63, 1954) * "A Logician's Landscape" (''Philosophy'', Vol. 30, 1955) * " Construction and Analysis" in A.J. Ayer et al., '' The Revolution in Philosophy''. London: Macmillan, 1956 * "Singular Terms, Ontology and Identity" (''Mind'', Vol. 65, 1956) *
In Defence of a Dogma
with
H. P. Grice Herbert Paul Grice (13 March 1913 – 28 August 1988), usually publishing under the name H. P. Grice, H. Paul Grice, or Paul Grice, was a British philosopher of language who created the theory of implicature and the cooperative principle (wi ...
(''
Philosophical Review ''The Philosophical Review'' is a quarterly journal of philosophy edited by the faculty of the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University. Since September 2006, it is published by Duke University Press. Overview The journal publishes origina ...
'', 1956), reprinted in ''Philosophical Writings'' (2011) * "Logical Subjects and Physical Objects" (''
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research ''Philosophy and Phenomenological Research'' (''PPR'') is a bimonthly philosophy journal founded in 1940. Until 1980, it was edited by Marvin Farber, then by Roderick Chisholm, and since 1986 by Ernest Sosa. It considers itself open to a variety ...
'', 1957) * "Propositions, Concepts and Logical Truths" (''Philosophical Quarterly'', Vol. 7, 1957) * "Proper Names" (''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society'', Supp. Vol. 31, 1957), reprinted in ''Philosophical Writings'' (2011) * "On Justifying Induction" (''Philosophical Studies'', 1958) * "The Post-Linguistic Thaw" (''Times Literary Supplement'', 1960), reprinted in ''Philosophical Writings'' (2011) *
Freedom and Resentment"
(''Proceedings of the British Academy'', Vol. 48, 1960) * "Singular Terms and Predication" (''
Journal of Philosophy ''The Journal of Philosophy'' is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal on philosophy, founded in 1904 at Columbia University. Its stated purpose is "To publish philosophical articles of current interest and encourage the interchange of ideas, es ...
'', 1961), reprinted in ''
Philosophical Logic Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often in the form of extended logical systems like modal logic. Some theorists conceive philosophic ...
'' (1967) * "Perception and Identification" (''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society'', Supp. Vol. 35, 1961) * "Carnap's Views on Constructed Systems v. Natural Languages in Analytical Philosophy" in '' The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap'', ed. P.A. Schilpp (La Salle Ill.: Open Court, 1963) * " A Problem about Truth: A reply to Mr. Warnock" in ''
Truth Truth or verity is the Property (philosophy), property of being in accord with fact or reality.Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionarytruth, 2005 In everyday language, it is typically ascribed to things that aim to represent reality or otherwise cor ...
'', ed. G. Pitcher, Englewood Cliffs (N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1964) * "Truth: A Reconsideration of Austin's Views" (''Philosophical Quarterly'', Vol. 15, 1965) * "Self, Mind and Body" (''Common Factor'', Vol. 4, 1966) * "Is Existence Never A Predicate" (''Critica'', Vol. 1, 1967) * "Bennett on Kant's Analytic" (''Philosophical Review'', Vol. 77, 1968), reprinted in ''Philosophical Writings'' (2011) * " Meaning and Truth" (''Proceedings of the British Academy'', Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969) * "Imagination and Perception" in ''Experience and Theory'', ed. L. Foster and J.W. Swanson (Amherst:
University of Massachusetts Press The University of Massachusetts Press is a university press that is part of the University of Massachusetts Amherst. The press was founded in 1963, publishing scholarly books and non-fiction. The press imprint is overseen by an interdisciplinar ...
, 1970) * "Categories" in ''Ryle: A Collection of Critical essays'', ed. O.P. Wood and G. Pitcher, (New York: Doubleday, 1970) * "The Asymmetry of Subjects and Predicates" in ''Language, Belief and Metaphysics'', ed. H.E. Kiefer and M.K. Munitz (New York: State of University of New York Press, 1970) * "Self-Reference, Contradiction and Content-Parasitic Predicates" (''Indian review of Philosophy'', 1972) * "Different Conceptions of Analytical Philosophy" (''Tijdschrift voor Filosofie'', 1973) * "Austin and 'Locutionary Meaning'" in '' Essays on J.L. Austin'', ed. I Berlin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973) * "On Understanding the Structure of One's Language" in ''Freedom and Resentment and Other Essays'' * "Positions for Quantifiers" in ''Semantics and Philosophy'', ed. M.K. Munitz and P.K. Unger (New York: New York University Press, 1974) * "Does Knowledge Have Foundations?" (''Conocimiento y Creencia'', 1974), reprinted in ''Philosophical Writings'' (2011) * "Semantics, Logic and Ontology" (''Neue Häfte für Philosophie'', 1975) * "Knowledge and Truth" (''Indian Philosophical Quarterly'', Vol. 3, No. 3, 1976), reprinted in ''Philosophical Writings'' (2011) * "Entity and Identity" in ''Contemporary British Philosophy Fourth Series'', ed. H.D. Lewis (London: Allen and Unwin, 1976) * "Scruton and Wright on Anti-Realism" (''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society'', Vol. 77, 1976) * "May Bes and Might Have Beens" in ''Meaning and Use'', ed. A. Margalit (London: Reidel, 1979) * "Perception and its Objects" in ''Perception and Identity: Essays Presented to A.J. Ayer'', ed. G.F. Macdonald (London: Macmillan, 1979) * "Universals" (''
Midwest Studies in Philosophy ''Midwest Studies in Philosophy'' is an annual journal in the analytic tradition. It was established in 1976 by Peter French, Theodore Uehling, Jr., and Howard Wettstein at the University of Minnesota, and has been published without interruption ...
'', 1979) * "Belief, Reference and Quantification" (''Monist'', 1980) * "P.F. Strawson Replies" in ''Philosophical Subjects Presented to P.F. Strawson'', ed. Zak Van Straaten (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980) * "Comments and Reples" (''Philosophia'', Vol. 10, 1981) * "Logical Form and Logical Constants" in ''Logical Form, Predication and Ontology'', ed. P.K. Sen (India: Macmillan, 1982) * "Liberty and Necessity" in ''Spinoza, His Thought & Work'', ed. Nathan Rotenstreich and Norma Schneider (Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1983), reprinted in '' Analysis and Metaphysics'' (1992) * "Causation and Explanation" in ''Essays on Davidson'', ed. Bruce Vermazen and J. Hintikka (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), reprinted in '' Analysis and Metaphysics'' (1992) * "Direct Singular Reference: Intended Reference and Actual Reference" in ''Wo steht die Analytische Philosophie Heute?'', 1986 * "Reference and its Roots" in ''The Philosophy of W.V. Quine''. ed L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schilpp (La Salle Ill.: Open Court, 1986) * "Kant's Paralogisms: Self Consciousness and the 'Outside Observer'" in ''Theorie der Subjektivität'', ed. K. Cramer, F. Fulda, R.-P. Hortsmann, U. Poshast (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1987) * "Concepts and Properties, or Predication and Copulation" (''Philosophical Quarterly'', Vol. 37, 1987) * "Kant's New Foundations of Metaphysics" in ''Metaphysik nach Kant'', ed.
Dieter Henrich Dieter Henrich (5 January 1927 – 17 December 2022) was a German philosopher. A contemporary thinker in the tradition of German idealism, Henrich is considered "one of the most respected and frequently cited philosophers in Germany today", who ...
and R.-P. Horstmann (Stuttgart: Klett Cotta, 1988) * "Ma Philosophie: son développement, son thème central et sa nature générale" (''Revue de thėologie et de philosophie'', Vol. 120, 1988) * "Sensibility, Understanding and the Doctrine of Synthesis: Comments on D. Henrich and P. Guyer" in ''Kant's Transcendental Deductions'', ed. E. Forster (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989) * "Two Conceptions of Philosophy" in ''Perspectives on Quine'', ed. Robert Barrett and Roger Gibson (Oxford: Blackwell: 1990) * "The Incoherence of Empiricism" (''Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society'', Supp. Vol. 66, 1992) * "Comments on Some Aspects of Peter Unger's ''Identity, Consciousness and Value'' (''Philosophy and Phenomenological Research'', Vol. 42, 1992) * "Echoes of Kant" (''Times Literary Supplement'', 1992, "The State of Philosophy") * "Replies" in ''Ensayos sobre Strawson'', ed. Carlos E. Carosi (Montevideo: Universidad de la Republica, 1992) * "Knowing From Words" in '' Knowing From Words'', ed. B. K. Matilal and A. Chakrabati (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992) * "My Philosophy" and "Replies" to critics in ''The Philosophy of P.F. Strawson'', ed. P.K. Sen and R.K. Verma (New Delhi: Indian Council of Philosophical Research, 1994) * "Individuals" in ''Philosophical Problems Today'', Vol. 1, ed. G. Floistad (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994) * "The Problem of Realism and the A Priori" in ''Kant and Contemporary Epistemology'', ed. Paolo Parrini (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994) * "Introduction", "Kant on Substance" and "Meaning and Context" in ''Entity and Identity'' (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997)


Notes


Further reading

* ''Philosophical Subjects: Essays Presented to P. F. Strawson'', ed. Zak Van Straaten (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980) * ''Leibniz and Strawson: A New Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics'', Clifford Brown (Munich: Philosophia Verlag, 1990) * ''The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson'', ed. Pranab Kumar Sen and Roop Rekha Verma (Indian Council of Philosophical Research, 1995) * ''The Philosophy of P. F. Strawson'', Lewis E. Hahn, ed. (Open Court, 1998) * ''Theories of Truth'', Richard Kirkham (
MIT Press The MIT Press is the university press of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), a private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The MIT Press publishes a number of academic journals and has been a pioneer in the Open Ac ...
, 1992). (Chapter 10 contains a detailed discussion of Strawson's performative theory of truth.) * ''Strawson and Kant'', ed. Hans-Johann Glock (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003) * ''Peter Strawson'', Clifford Brown (Acumen Publishing, 2006) *
Free Will and Reactive Attitudes: Perspectives on P. F. Strawson's 'Freedom and Resentment'
'. edited by Micheal McKenna and Paul Russell, (2016) * ''P. F. Strawson and his Philosophical Legacy '', ed. Sybren Hendels, Auden Bengston, and Benjamin De Mesel, (Oxford University Press, 2023)


External links

* Snowdon, Paul
"Strawson, Peter Frederick, 1919-2006"
''Proceedings of the British Academy, V. 150 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, VI''. pp. 221–244 (2008)

– obituary for ''
The Independent ''The Independent'' is a British online newspaper. It was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the ''Indy'', it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was publis ...
'' by Alan Ryan
Snapshot: P. F. Strawson
2019 essay by Anil Gomes for ''
The Philosophers' Magazine ''The Philosophers' Magazine'' (''TPM''), an independent quarterly magazine founded in 1997, aims to provide a venue for philosophy in an accessible and entertaining format. The founders were Julian Baggini and Jeremy Stangroom. The magazine inc ...
'' * P.F. Strawson
The First Edition of "Freedom and Resentment"
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Strawson, Peter Frederick 20th-century British philosophers Analytic philosophers British epistemologists Kantian philosophers Philosophers of language Metaphysicians Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford Fellows of University College, Oxford Fellows of the British Academy Alumni of St John's College, Oxford Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Knights Bachelor People from Ealing People from Finchley 1919 births 2006 deaths Waynflete Professors of Metaphysical Philosophy Ordinary language philosophy British Army personnel of World War II Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers officers Presidents of the Aristotelian Society People educated at Christ's College, Finchley