The P-40 "Armour" or 1S12 (also referred to by the NATO reporting name "Long Track" in the west) is a

3-D 3-D, 3D, or 3d may refer to: Science, technology, and mathematics Relating to three-dimensionality * Three-dimensional space ** 3D computer graphics, computer graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data ** 3D film, a ...

UHF Ultra high frequency (UHF) is the ITU designation for radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the decimetre band as the wavelengths range from one meter to one tenth of a meter (on ...

radar Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the distance ('' ranging''), angle, and radial velocity of objects relative to the site. It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, w ...

developed and operated by the former

Soviet Union The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, ...

Development

The P-40 started development in 1960 and by 1962 the radar had completed state trials and in 1963 was accepted into service by the anti-aircraft troops of the

Soviet armed forces The Soviet Armed Forces, the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union and as the Red Army (, Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза), were the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922), the Soviet Union (1922–1991), and th ...

. In 1965 the P-40 gained the

GRAU The Main Missile and Artillery Directorate of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (), commonly referred to by its transliterated Russian acronym GRAU (), is a department of the Russian Ministry of Defense. It is subordinate to the ...

designation 1S12 as it was adopted as the

target acquisition radar This is a list of different types of radar. Detection and search radars Search radars scan great volumes of space with pulses of short radio waves. They typically scan the volume two to four times a minute. The waves are usually less than a meter ...

of the

2K11 Krug The 2K11 ''Krug'' (russian: 2К11 «Круг»; en, circle) is a Soviet and now Russian medium-range, medium-to-high altitude surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. The system was designed by NPO Novator and produced by Kalinin Machine Building ...

mobile

anti-aircraft Anti-aircraft warfare, counter-air or air defence forces is the battlespace response to aerial warfare, defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action".AAP-6 It includes surface based, ...

defence system. The main difference between P-40 and 1S12 is the additional "Telecode system" 1S62, with a telescope antenna at front right of chassis, to share data between 1S12 and 1S32. The P-40 was developed by Scientific Research Institute #208 GKRE, which later became known as NIIIP of Minradioprom, OKB-588 (later Lianozovskiy Electromechanical Plant, LEMZ) also assisted in the production of the prototype. Between 1966 and 1968 the radar was upgraded, increasing the range of the system. Later, between 1969 and 1970, the radar's range was again improved in addition to achieving better reliability.

Description

The P-40 was the first high-mobility radar to enter into service with the then new tactical anti-aircraft forces of the

. The P-40 used the AT-T artillery tractor with tracked chassis, fitted with a 12-cylinder 4-stroke

diesel engine The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-ca ...

with an output of 342 kW (465 hp) and producing a top speed of 55 km/h. The P-40 had a crew of 6 and a total weight of 35 tons, the radar being powered by a gas turbine running 400 Hz generator. The radar uses an open frame truncated parabolic antenna with a stacked antenna feed. The radar antenna is mounted on the truck used to transport it giving excellent mobility; the radar is capable of being folded for stowage during transit. Azimuth was determined by mechanical scanning while the angle of the target is determined from within which beam of the antenna stack the target is detected. The radar does not carry a secondary antenna for

IFF In logic and related fields such as mathematics and philosophy, "if and only if" (shortened as "iff") is a biconditional logical connective between statements, where either both statements are true or both are false. The connective is bicondi ...

Operators

The P-40 was operated by the Soviet Union from 1963 and though it has since become obsolete it was passed down to successor states after the fall of the Soviet Union.

External links

* https://www.radartutorial.eu/19.kartei/11.ancient/karte052.en.html

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:P-40 Radar Russian and Soviet military radars Almaz-Antey products Military vehicles introduced in the 1960s

Development

Description

Operators

See also

External links

References