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Otuke (Otuque, Otuqui) is an extinct language of the Macro-Jê family, related to Bororo. Otuke territory included what is now the Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area in eastern Bolivia.
Otuke (Otuque, Otuqui) is an extinct language of the Macro-Jê family, related to Bororo. Otuke territory included what is now the Otuquis National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area in eastern Bolivia.
Etymology
Combès (2012) suggests that -''toki'' ~ -''tuki'' ~ -''tuke'' (also present in the ethynonym '' Gorgotoqui'') is likely related to the Bororo animate plural suffix -''doge'' (i.e., used to form plural nouns for ethnic groups). Hence, the name ''Otuqui'' (''Otuke'') was likely etymologically related to the name '' Gorgotoqui''.Combès, Isabelle. 2012. Susnik y los gorgotoquis. Efervescencia étnica en la Chiquitania (Oriente boliviano), p. 201–220. ''Indiana'', v. 29. Berlín.Other varieties
Loukotka (1968)
Several attested extinct Bororoan varieties were either dialects of Otuke or closely related: *Covareca - Santa Ana mission, Bolivia *Curuminaca - Casalvasco mission, Bolivia *Coraveca (Curave, Ecorabe) - Santo Corazón mission, Bolivia *Curucaneca (Curucane, Carruacane) -San Rafael San Rafael may refer to:
Places Argentina
* San Rafael, Mendoza
* San Rafael Department, Mendoza
Bolivia
* San Rafael de Velasco, capital of San Rafael Municipality
* San Rafael Municipality, Santa Cruz
Chile
* San Rafael, Chile, Maule ...
mission, Bolivia
*Tapii - Santiago de Chiquitos mission, Bolivia
Chiquitano speakers also lived in many of the missions.
(See Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos
The Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos are located in Santa Cruz department in eastern Bolivia. Six of these former missions (all now secular municipalities) collectively were designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990. Distinguished by a uni ...
for locations.)
Mason (1950) says the first four are "separate and very different", but Loukotka (1968) notes that nothing is known of Curave or Curucane (or of Tapii), that only 14 words of Curumina and 19 of Covare have been preserved.
Mason (1950)
Mason (1950) lists the following varieties of Otuke: ;Otuke *Otuké *Covareca *Curuminaca *Coraveca (?); Curavé (?) *Curucaneca (?) *Tapii (?) Mason (1950) notes that Tapii may have been either Otukean or Zamucoan. The following are listed as Bororo varieties by Mason (1950): ;Bororo *Eastern: Orarimugudoge *Western: Cabasal; Campanya *Acioné *Aravira *Biriuné *Coroa (?) *Coxipo (?)Further reading
*de Créqui-Montfort, Georges and Paul Rivet. 1912. Linguistique Bolivienne: Le groupe Otuké. ''Journal de la Société des Américanistes'' IX: 317–352. *de Créqui-Montfort, Georges and Paul Rivet. 1913. Linguistique Bolivienne: Les affinités des dialectes Otuké. ''Journal de la Société des Américanistes'' X: 369–377.References
{{Macro-Jê languages Bororoan languages Extinct languages of South America Languages of Brazil Indigenous languages of the South American Chaco Jesuit Missions of Chiquitos Mamoré–Guaporé linguistic area