Ostrea

''Ostrea'' is a genus of edible oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the family Ostreidae, the oysters.

Fossil records

Although molecular studies suggest that ''Ostrea'' first appeared around the Eocene and originated no earlier than the Cretaceous, paleontologists have historically applied the genus to almost all fossil oysters from the Permian onward, many of which are only superficially similar to extant ''Ostrea''. As a result, the genus ''Ostrea'' includes about 150 extinct species. Fossilworks
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History

At least one species within this genus, '' Ostrea lurida'', has been recovered in archaeological excavations along the Central California coast of the Pacific Ocean, demonstrating it was a marine taxon exploited by the Native American Chumash people as a food source.

Species

Species in the genus ''Ostrea'' include:

* † '' Ostrea albertensis'' Russell & Landes, 1937
* '' Ostrea algoensis'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1871
*'' Ostrea angasi'' G.B. Sowerby II, 1871
* '' Ostrea angelica'' Rochebrune, 1895
* † '' Ostrea angusta'' Deshayes, 1824
* † '' Ostrea anomiaeformis'' RoemerRoemer, F. (1849). Texas : mit besonderer Rücksicht auf deutsche Auswanderung und die physischen Verhältnisse des Landes nach eigener Beobachtung. A. Marcus.
* † '' Ostrea anomialis'' Lamarck, 1819
* † '' Ostrea antarctica'' Zinsmeister, 1984
* † '' Ostrea arcula'' Marwick, 1928
* † '' Ostrea arenicola'' Tate, 1886
*'' Ostrea atherstonei'' Newton, 1913
* † '' Ostrea awajiensis'' Matsubara, 1998
* † '' Ostrea beloiti'' Logan, 1899
* † '' Ostrea blackensis'' Stephenson, 1923
* † '' Ostrea brongniarti'' Bronn, 1856
* † '' Ostrea californica'' Mareon, 1858
* † '' Ostrea carolinensis'' Conrad, 1832
* † '' Ostrea castellobrancoi'' Maury 1936
* '' Ostrea chilensis'' Philippi, 1844
* '' Ostrea circumpicta'' Pilsbry, 1904
* † '' Ostrea compressirostra'' Say, 1824
* '' Ostrea conchaphila'' Carpenter, 1857
* †'' Ostrea costaricensis'' †Olsson, 1922
* † '' Ostrea crenulimarginata'' Gabb, 1860
* † '' Ostrea cynthiae'' Maury, 1912
* † '' Ostrea democraciana'' Hodson ''et al.'', 1927
* '' Ostrea denselamellosa'' （ Lischke, 1869
* † '' Ostrea diluviana'' Linnaeus, 1767
* †'' Ostrea dorsalis'' †Azzaroli, 1958
* '' Ostrea edulis'' Linnaeus, 1758- edible oyster or Belon oyster
* † '' Ostrea edwilsoni'' Stoyanow, 1949
* † '' Ostrea eorivularis'' Oyama & Mizuno, 1958
* '' Ostrea equestris'' ( Say, 1834)- crested oyster
* † '' Ostrea erici'' Hertlein, 1929
* † '' Ostrea fraasi'' Mayer-Eymar, 1888
* † '' Ostrea frondosa'' de Serres, 1829
* '' Ostrea futamiensis'' Seki, 1929
* † '' Ostrea gajensis'' Vredenburg, 1928
* †'' Ostrea gingensis'' Schlotheim, 1813
* '' Ostrea golfotristensis'' †Maury 1912
* † '' Ostrea haleyi'' Hertlein, 1933
* † '' Ostrea hyotidoidea'' Tate, 1899
* † '' Ostrea incisa'' Martin, 1883
* † '' Ostrea invalida'' White, 1887
* † '' Ostrea jogjacartensis'' Martin, 1914
* † '' Ostrea khamirensis'' Cox, 1936
* † '' Ostrea latimarginata'' Vredenburg, 1908
* '' Ostrea libella'' Weisbord, 1964
* † '' Ostrea locklini'' J. Gardner, 1945
* † '' Ostrea longirostris'' Lamarck, 1806
* † '' Ostrea ludensis'' Deshayes, 1861
* '' Ostrea lurida'' Carpenter, 1864
* † '' Ostrea manubriata'' Tate, 1887
* † '' Ostrea marginidentata'' Wood, 1861
* † '' Ostrea matercula'' de Verneuil, 1845
* † '' Ostrea mauricensis'' Gabb, 1860
* '' Ostrea megodon'' (Hanley, 1846)
* † '' Ostrea mesenterica'' Morton, 1834
* †'' Ostrea messor'' Maury, 1925
* † '' Ostrea minbuensis'' Cotter, 1923
* † '' Ostrea minerensis'' Russell & Landes, 1937
* † '' Ostrea miradorensis'' Olsson, 1931
* † '' Ostrea monetalis'' † Martin, 1931
* '' Ostrea negritensis'' Olsson, 1928
* '' Ostrea neostentina'' L.-S. Hu, H.-Y. Wang, Z. Zhang, C. Li & X.-M. Guo, 2019
* † '' Ostrea normalis'' Gardner, 1926
* † '' Ostrea pangadiensis'' Hislop, 1859
* † '' Ostrea paracasensis'' Rivera, 1957
* † '' Ostrea parasitica'' Gmelin, 1791 (nomen dubium)
* † '' Ostrea paroxis'' Lesueur, 1829
* † '' O. parrensis'' Vega ''et al.'', 1999
* '' Ostrea pejerreyensis'' Rivera, 1957
* '' Ostrea permollis'' G. B. Sowerby II, 1871
* † '' Ostrea petrosa'' Fuchs, 1879
* † '' Ostrea peytoni'' Richards, 1947
* † '' Ostrea pileosimilis'' Martin, 1931
* † '' Ostrea portoricoensis'' Hubbard, 1920
* † '' Ostrea princeps'' Woods, 1850
* † '' Ostrea procyonis'' Maury, 1924
* † '' Ostrea prona'' Wood, 1861
* † '' Ostrea protoimbricata'' Vredenburg, 1928
* † '' Ostrea pseudocrassissima'' Fuchs, 1878
* † '' Ostrea pseudodigitalina'' Fuchs, 1879
* † '' Ostrea pseudorissensis''Vredenburg, 1928
* '' Ostrea puelchana'' d'Orbigny, 1842
* † '' Ostrea pulaskensis'' Harris, 1892
* † '' Ostrea raveneliana'' Tuomey & Holmes, 1855
* † '' Ostrea resupinata'' Deshayes, 1858
* '' Ostrea retusa'' J.C. Sowerby, 1836 (taxon inquirendum, preoccupied by ''Ostrea retusa'' O. F. Müller, 1776)
* †'' Ostrea russelli'' Russell & Landes, 1937
* † '' Ostrea samanensis'' Olsson, 1928
* † '' Ostrea saxitoniana'' †McLearn, 1929
* † '' Ostrea sculpturata'' Conrad, 1840
* † '' Ostrea seymourensis'' Zinsmeister, 1984
* † '' Ostrea soleniscus'' Meek, 1893
* '' Ostrea stentina'' Payraudeau, 1826
* † '' Ostrea sturtiana'' Tate, 1886
* † '' Ostrea subangulata'' d'Orbigny, 1852
* † '' Ostrea submissa'' Deshayes, 1864
* † '' Ostrea subradiosa'' Bohm, 1926
* † '' Ostrea tacalensis'' Hodson ''et al.'', 1927
* † '' Ostrea tatei'' Suter, 1913
* † '' Ostrea tayloriana'' Gabb, 1866
* † '' Ostrea thalassoklusta'' Maury, 1912
* † '' Ostrea turkestanensis'' Romanovski, 1880
* † '' Ostrea uncinta'' Lamarck, 1806
* † '' Ostrea ungulata'' Nyst, 1843
* † '' Ostrea ventilabrum'' Goldfuss, 1826
* † '' Ostrea vestita'' Fuchs, 1883
* † '' Ostrea waitangiensis'' Marwick, 1928
* † '' Ostrea wiedenmayeri'' Hodson ''et al.'', 1927

;Synonyms:
* † ''Ostrea angulata'' Sowerby, 1840: synonym of ''Crassostrea angulata'' (Lamarck, 1819) accepted as '' Magallana angulata'' (Lamarck, 1819)
*''Ostrea aupouria'' Dinamani, 1981: synonym of '' Ostrea equestris'' Say, 1834
*''Ostrea bicolor'' †Hanley, 1854: synonym of ''Crassostrea tulipa'' (Lamarck, 1819)
* † ''Ostrea cochlear'' Poli, 1795: synonym of '' Neopycnodonte cochlear'' (Poli, 1795)
* † ''Ostrea cristata'' Born, 1778: synonym of '' Ostrea edulis'' Linnaeus, 1758 (misapplication)
* † ''Ostrea cubitus'' Deshayes, 1832: synonym of † '' Cubitostrea cubitus'' (Deshayes, 1832) (original combination)
* † ''Ostrea cumingiana'' Dunker, 1846: synonym of '' Alectryonella plicatula'' (Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Ostrea flavicans'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Semipallium flavicans'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* † ''Ostrea forskali'' Chemnitz, 1785: synonym of ''Ostrea forskahlii'' Gmelin, 1791 : synonym of '' Saccostrea cuccullata'' (Born, 1778)
* ''Ostrea glabra'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Flexopecten glaber'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Ostrea hippopus'' Tate, 1886: synonym of '' Ostrea edulis'' Linnaeus, 1758
* † ''Ostrea imbricata'' Lamarck, 1819: synonym of '' Hyotissa inermis'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1871)
* ''Ostrea iridescens'' Hanley, 1854: synonym of '' Striostrea prismatica'' (Gray, 1825)
* † ''Ostrea lutaria'' Hutton, 1873: synonym of '' Ostrea chilensis'' Küster, 1844
* ''Ostrea maculosa'' Forskål, 1775: synonym of '' Gloripallium maculosum'' (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
* ''Ostrea minuta'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Haumea minuta'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Ostrea obliterata'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Dentamussium obliteratum'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Ostrea pellucens'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Caribachlamys pellucens'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Ostrea pesfelis'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Manupecten pesfelis'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Ostrea plicatula'' Gmelin, 1791: synonym of '' Alectryonella plicatula'' (Gmelin, 1791)
* ''Ostrea radula'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Decatopecten radula'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Ostrea sanguinea'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Mimachlamys sanguinea'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Ostrea striatula'' Linnaeus, 1758: synonym of '' Annachlamys striatula'' (Linnaeus, 1758)
* ''Ostrea superficialis'' Forskål, 1775: synonym of '' Laevichlamys superficialis'' (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)
* ''Ostrea tridacnaeformis'' Cox, 1927: synonym of '' Nicaisolopha tridacnaeformis'' (Cox, 1927)
* † ''Ostrea wollastoni'' Finlay, 1927: synonym of † '' Flemingostrea wollastoni'' (Finlay, 1927)

See also

* Shellfish

References

* Vialov O. (1936). Sur la classification des huîtres. Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS. ser. 2, 4(1): 17-20
* James Dwight Dana (1996) ''Manual of Geology: Treating of the Principles of the Science with Special Reference to American Geological History'', American Book Co., 1088 pages
* C.Michael Hogan (2008) ''Morro Creek'', The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnha

* Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. 2 vols, 1258 pp

External links

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata [10th revised edition], vol. 1: 824 pp. Laurentius Salvius: Holmiae

Harry, H.W. (1985). Synopsis of the supraspecific classification of living oysters (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae and Ostreidae. The Veliger. 28(2): 121-158

Orton J.H. (1928). The dominant species of Ostrea. Nature. 121 (3044): 320-321

Ward, L.W. & Blackwelder, B.W. (1987). Late Pliocene and early Pleistocene Mollusca from the James City and Chowan River Formations at the Lee Creek Mine. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 61: 113-283

Archer, T. C. (1860). On a species of Ostrea taken from the copper sheathing on the bottom of a vessel in the Liverpool Graving Docks. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser. 3, 5: 404-405

'._('Print page').'Mineralienatlas - Fossilienatlas: Ostrea

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Ostrea,
Extant Permian first appearances
Bivalve genera