Ossip Alexeevich Zadkine (; 28 January 1888 – 25 November 1967) was a Russian and French artist of the

School of Paris The School of Paris (, ) refers to the French and émigré artists who worked in Paris in the first half of the 20th century. The School of Paris was not a single art movement or institution, but refers to the importance of Paris as a centre o ...

. He is best known as a sculptor, but also produced paintings and lithographs.

Early years and education

Zadkine was born on 28 January 1888 as Yossel Aronovich Tsadkin () in the city of Vitebsk, in the Russian Empire (now Belarus). He was born to a baptized Jewish father and a mother named Zippa-Dvoyra, who he claimed to be of Scottish origin. Archival materials state that Iosel-Shmuila Aronovich Tsadkin was of Jewish faith and studied in the Vitebsk City Technical School between 1900 and 1904. He also studied in the Yury Pen's art school with would-be artists Marc Chagall (then Movsha Shagal) and Victor Mekler (then Avigdor Mekler). Archival materials contradict Zadkine himself and states that his father did not convert to the Russian Orthodox religion and his mother was not of a Scottish extraction. He had 5 siblings: sisters Mira, Roza and Fania and brothers Mark and Moses. Zadkine claimed in his memoir that at the age of fifteen he had been sent by his father to

Sunderland Sunderland () is a port City status in the United Kingdom, city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is a port at the mouth of the River Wear on the North Sea, approximately south-east of Newcastle upon Tyne. It is the most p ...

in the north of England, to stay with distant Scottish relatives and learn some "good manners". However, recent research has discovered that he ran away from home with a younger brother,and ended up living in Sunderland with the family of his paternal uncle, Joseph Zadkin, who had himself emigrated from Belarus a few years previously. In Sunderland he took art classes in Sunderland Town Hall and was taught to use a chisel by his uncle who was a cabinetmaker. He then moved to London and attended lessons at the Regent Street Polytechnic where he won a prize for modelling in 1908 but considered the teachers to be too conservative. Zadkine settled in Paris in 1910. He studied at the

École des Beaux-Arts ; ) refers to a number of influential art schools in France. The term is associated with the Beaux-Arts architecture, Beaux-Arts style in architecture and city planning that thrived in France and other countries during the late nineteenth centu ...

for six months. In 1911 he lived and worked in La Ruche. While in Paris he joined the Cubist movement, working in a Cubist idiom from 1914 to 1925. He later developed his own style, one that was strongly influenced by African and Greek art.

Career

In 1921 he obtained French citizenship.Ossip Joselyn Zadkine Facts
YourDictionary Zadkine served as a stretcher-bearer in the French Army during World War I, and was wounded in action. He spent World War II in the US. His best-known work is probably the sculpture '' The Destroyed City'' (1951–1953), representing a man without a heart, a memorial to the destruction of the center of the Dutch city of Rotterdam in 1940 by the Nazi-German

Luftwaffe The Luftwaffe () was the aerial warfare, aerial-warfare branch of the before and during World War II. German Empire, Germany's military air arms during World War I, the of the Imperial German Army, Imperial Army and the of the Imperial Ge ...

. He taught sculpture classes at Académie de la Grande Chaumière until 1958, students of his included artists Geula Dagan (1925–2008), Gunnar Aagaard Andersen and Genevieve Pezet.

Death and legacy

Zadkine died in Paris in 1967 at the age of 79 after undergoing abdominal surgery and was interred in the Cimetière du Montparnasse.

Museums

His former home and studio in Montparnasse is now the Musée Zadkine. When his former wife Prax died, she donated the house and art studio to the City of Paris for the formation of Musée Zadkine. There is also a Musée Zadkine in the village of Les Arques in the Midi-Pyrénées region of France. Zadkine lived in Les Arques for a number of years, and while there, carved an enormous Christ on the Cross and Pieta that are featured in the 12th-century church which stands opposite the museum.

Personal life

In August 1920, Zadkine married Valentine Prax (1897–1981), an Algerian-born painter of Sicilian and French-Catalan descent. Prax and Zadkine had no children. Zadkine was a neighbor in Montparnasse and a friend of Henry Miller and was represented by the character "Borowski" in Miller's novel, ''Tropic of Cancer'' (1934). His other neighbors there included Chaïm Soutine, and Tsuguharu Foujita. While living in Manhattan during wartime from 1942 to 1945, Zadkine had a relationship with American artist Carol Janeway and created several portraits of her. The artist's only child, Nicolas Hasle (born 1960), was born after an affair with a Danish woman, Annelise Hasle. Since 2009, Hasle, a psychiatrist, who had been acknowledged by the artist and had his parentage legally established in France in the 1980s, has been party to a lawsuit with the City of Paris to establish his claim to his father's estate.

Awards

*1950 Venice Biennale sculpture prize *1961 Grand Prix National des Arts

Legacy

* A school in

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , ; ; ) is the second-largest List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam. It is in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, part of the North S ...

was named after Zadkine.

Gallery

File:Ossip Zadkine, 1913, Maternité, painted elmwood, 81 cm, exhibited Salon des Independants, Paris, 1914 Published in Montjolie, 1914.jpg, ''Maternité'', 1913, painted elmwood, 81 cm, exhibited at the 1914 Salon des Indépendants, Paris, Published in Montjoie, 1914 File:Ossip Zadkine, 1918, Femme au violon (Woman with a Violin).jpg, ''Femme au violon (Woman with a Violin)'', 1918 photograph by Pierre Choumoff File:Ossip Zadkine, 1920, Venus.jpg, ''Venus'', 1920, published in Action: Cahiers individualistes de philosophie et d'art, Volume 1, Number 4, July 1920 File:Musée Zadkine - Entrée de l'atelier.jpg, ''Prometheus'', c. 1930–1940, wooden sculpture File:Ossip Zadkine Skulptur - Die Gefangenen (2).jpg, ''The prisoners'' (Die Gefangenen), 1943, bronze sculpture File:Rotterdam zadkine monument.jpg, '' The Destroyed City'' (De Verwoeste Stad), 1951–53, bronze sculpture in Rotterdam, which is now a registered monument.Rijksmonumenten
/ref> File:Ossip Zadkine-Grosser Orpheus.jpg, ''Orpheus'', 1956, bronze sculpture File:'Lotophage', bronze sculpture by Ossip Zadkine, 1961-1962, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, Israel.jpg, ''Lotophage'', 1961–62, bronze sculpture, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv File:P1040677Beeld Vincent en Theo van Gogh.JPG, '' Vincent and Theo van Gogh'', 1963–64, bronze sculpture, in Zundert, The Netherlands File:Belgique - Bruxelles - Maison Blomme - 07.jpg, Bas-relief of the Blomme House in

Brussels Brussels, officially the Brussels-Capital Region, (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) is a Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium#Regions, region of Belgium comprising #Municipalit ...

representing the architect's instruments

Public collections

Among the public collections holding works by Ossip Zadkine are: * Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles * Musée Zadkine, Paris * Museum de Fundatie, Zwolle, Netherlands *

Museum of Modern Art The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street (Manhattan), 53rd Street between Fifth Avenue, Fifth and Sixth Avenues. MoMA's collection spans the late 19th century to the present, a ...

, New York City * National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. * Tate Gallery, London * Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Israel * Van Abbemuseum,

Eindhoven Eindhoven ( ; ) is a city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality of the Netherlands, located in the southern Provinces of the Netherlands, province of North Brabant, of which it is the largest municipality, and is also locat ...

, Netherlands

References

* Czwiklitzer, Christophe, ''Ossip Zadkine, le sculpteur-graveure de 1919 à 1967'', Paris, Chez l'auteur, 1967. * Yamanashi Kenritsu Bijutsukan, ''Ossip Zadkine'', Tokyo, Yomiuri Shinbunsha, 1989.
Andreas Weiland, "(Re-)Discovering Zadkine", in: Art in Society, issue # 10

External links

Zadkine Research Center
*
Zadkine Museum in Paris

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Zadkine, Ossip 1888 births 1967 deaths 20th-century Russian sculptors 20th-century Russian male artists Russian male sculptors Russian modern sculptors French modern sculptors Jewish Russian sculptors Jewish French sculptors French people of Russian-Jewish descent People from the Russian Empire of Scottish descent French people of Scottish descent Alumni of Chelsea College of Arts Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery School of Paris Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France 20th-century French sculptors French male sculptors