The Provisional Legislature of Oregon was the single-chamber legislative body of the

Provisional Government of Oregon The Provisional Government of Oregon was a popularly elected settler government created in the Oregon Country (1818-1846), in the Pacific Northwest region of the western portion of the continent of North America. Its formation had been advanced ...

. It served the

Oregon Country Oregon Country was a large region of the Pacific Northwest of North America that was subject to a long Oregon boundary dispute, dispute between the United Kingdom and the United States in the early 19th century. The area, which had been demarcat ...

of the

Pacific Northwest The Pacific Northwest (PNW; ) is a geographic region in Western North America bounded by its coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains to the east. Though no official boundary exists, the most common ...

of North America from 1843 until early 1849 at a time when no country had sovereignty over the region. This democratically elected legislature became the

Oregon Territorial Legislature Oregon's Territorial Legislature was a bicameral legislative body created by the United States Congress in 1848 as the legislative branch of the government of the Oregon Territory. The upper chamber Council and lower chamber House of Represent ...

when the territorial authorities arrived after the creation of the

Oregon Territory The Territory of Oregon was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from August 14, 1848, until February 14, 1859, when the southwestern portion of the territory was admitted to the United States, Union as the Oreg ...

by the United States in 1848. The body was first termed the Legislative Committee and later renamed the House of Representatives. Over the course of its six-year history the legislature passed laws, including taxation and liquor regulation, and created an army to deal with conflicts with Native Americans. Many of the legislators would become prominent figures during the territorial years of Oregon. At first the body was a small committee of nine people, but the group was altered when the

Organic Laws of Oregon The Organic Laws of Oregon were two sets of legislation passed in the 1840s by a group of primarily American settlers based in the Willamette Valley. These laws were drafted after the Champoeg Meetings and created the structure of a government in ...

were revised in 1845 with the legislative branch of the Provisional Government becoming the Oregon House of Representatives with a minimum of 13 members. Once the government was dissolved in 1849, all the laws remained in effect, except for the one that authorized the minting of coins. Territorial Governor

Joseph Lane Joseph Lane (December 14, 1801 – April 19, 1881) was an American politician and soldier. He was a state legislator representing Evansville, Indiana, and then served in the Mexican–American War, becoming a general. President James K. Polk ap ...

nullified that law, because it was in conflict with Article I, Section 8 of the

United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, on March 4, 1789. Originally includi ...

, giving Congress the sole right to coin money, thus ending production of the Beaver Coins.

Background

On May 2, 1843, by a vote of 52 to 50, the

European American European Americans are Americans of European ancestry. This term includes both people who descend from the first European settlers in the area of the present-day United States and people who descend from more recent European arrivals. Since th ...

settler A settler or a colonist is a person who establishes or joins a permanent presence that is separate to existing communities. The entity that a settler establishes is a Human settlement, settlement. A settler is called a pioneer if they are among ...

s of the Oregon Country (mainly those from the

Willamette Valley The Willamette Valley ( ) is a valley in Oregon, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The Willamette River flows the entire length of the valley and is surrounded by mountains on three sides: the Cascade Range to the east, the ...

), created a provisional government at

Champoeg Champoeg ( , historically Horner, John B. (1919). ''Oregon: Her History, Her Great Men, Her Literature''. The J.K. Gill Co.: Portland. p. 398.) is a former town in the U.S. state of Oregon. Now a ghost town, it was an important settlement in t ...

.Corning, Howard M. ''Dictionary of Oregon History''. Binfords & Mort Publishing, 1956. In May and June, a nine-person committee met in

Oregon City Oregon City is the county seat of Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, located on the Willamette River near the southern limits of the Portland metropolitan area. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 37,572. Established in 1829 ...

and drafted the Organic Laws of Oregon as a pseudo-constitution that was subsequently ratified on July 5, 1843. Gray, William H. ''A History of Oregon'', 1792–1849, Drawn from personal observation and authentic information. Harris & Holman: Portland, OR. 1870. This document created the government and authorized a provisional legislature of nine people.

1843

On May 16, the nine-person committee of James A. O'Neil, Robert Moore, William H. Gray, William P. Dougherty, David Hill,

Robert Shortess The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' () "fame, glory, honour, praise, reno ...

, Thomas J. Hubbard,

Robert Newell Robert Newell may refer to: * Robert Newell (VC) (1835–1858), British Army recipient of the Victoria Cross * Robert Newell (politician) (1807–1869), politician in Oregon, United States * Robert Henry Newell (1836–1901), American humorist * Rob ...

, and

Alanson Beers Alanson Beers (August 19, 1808 – February 20, 1853) was an American pioneer and politician in the early days of the settlement of the Oregon Country. A blacksmith by trade, he was a reinforcement for the Methodist Mission in what would become the ...

met for three days to draft laws. The group met again for two days starting on June 16, with

George LeBreton George W. LeBreton (1810 – March 4, 1844) was a pioneer politician in the Oregon Country and served as the official recorder in the Provisional Government of Oregon. Early life George W. LeBreton was born in the year 1810 in Massachusetts.

serving as the recorder and Moore as the chairman for both sets of meetings. The laws drafted became the Organic Laws of Oregon and were ratified on July 5. Committees on land claims, appropriations, military, the judiciary, and districting were also formed at that meeting. The organic laws were based on the laws of

Iowa Territory The Territory of Iowa was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1838, until December 28, 1846, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Iowa. The remai ...

.Oregon Legislative Assembly History.
Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on February 17, 2012. The document outlined the

legislative branch A legislature (, ) is a deliberative assembly with the authority, legal authority to make laws for a Polity, political entity such as a Sovereign state, country, nation or city on behalf of the people therein. They are often contrasted with th ...

and its powers, vested in a

unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one. Unicameralism has become an increasingly common type of legislature, making up nearly ...

or single body. At that time the title of the legislature was the Legislative Committee and it consisted of nine elected representatives apportioned by population to the four established districts (which later became counties). The Organic Laws required the legislature to meet in June and December of each year.

1844

The first meeting of the 1844 legislature took place June 18 at the home of Felix Hathaway in Oregon City.Oregon Legislative Assembly (3rd Pre-Provisional) 1844 Meetings.
Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 9, 2007.Bancroft, Hubert Howe, and Frances Auretta Fuller Barrett Victor (1886)
''History of Oregon''.
San Francisco: History Co, Vol. 29, p. 428. This session lasted until June 27, and another session was held from December 16 to 21 at the residence of John E. Long, also in Oregon City. At the December meeting,

Executive Committee A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision-making body. Usually, an assembly o ...

members Peter G. Stewart and

Osborne Russell Osborne Russell (19 June 1814 – 1 May 1884) was a mountain man and politician who helped form the government of the U.S. state of Oregon. He was born in Maine. Early life Osborne Russell was born 19 June 1814, in the village of Bowdoinha ...

presented a message to the group regarding the opposing claims of the United States and

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland, and Wales. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the List of European ...

. Among the laws passed during the 1844 session was the "Lash Law", which banned

Blacks Black is a racial classification of people, usually a political and skin color-based category for specific populations with a mid- to dark brown complexion. Not all people considered "black" have dark skin and often additional phenotypical ch ...

from living in the territory with violators subject to 20–39

lashes Lashes may refer to: * Lashes, a form of Flagellation Flagellation (Latin , 'whip'), flogging or whipping is the act of beating the human body with special implements such as whips, Birching, rods, Switch (rod), switches, the cat o' ni ...

across the back every six months, until the person left the region.

Members

Members of the legislature and the districts they represented (McCarver served as the speaker of the body with John E. Long as the recorder): * Thomas D. Keizur, Champoeg *

, Champoeg *

Daniel Waldo Daniel Waldo (September 10, 1762 – July 30, 1864) was an American clergyman, born in Windham, Connecticut. He served in the American Revolutionary War and later became a missionary and clergyman. In 1856 at age 94, Waldo was named Chaplai ...

, Champoeg * Asa L. Lovejoy, Clackamas * Peter H. Burnett, Tuality * Samuel M. Gilmore, Tuality *David Hill, Tuality * Morton M. McCarver, Tuality

1845

The 1845 legislature met three different times, under two different structures. First, from June 24 to July 5, 1845, the legislature met in Oregon City, first at the home of John E. Long and then the home of Theophilus R. Magruder, with Morton M. McCarver serving as the speaker of the group.Oregon Legislative Assembly (4th Pre-Provisional) 1845 Meetings.
Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. After this, the Organic Laws were replaced with the Organic Act of 1845, which altered the legislature in several ways. First the number of representatives was increased to include a minimum of 13 and a maximum of 61. Second, the name was changed to the House of Representatives. All members of the body were to be elected by popular vote with vacancies filled using special elections. The body also received new powers to

impeach Impeachment is a process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct. It may be understood as a unique process involving both political and legal elements. In Euro ...

any civil official by a 3/4ths vote, apportion the legislators among the districts, create post offices, levy taxes, declare war, organize and call out the militia, create lower courts, pass laws concerning the general welfare of the region, regulate trade with the Native Americans, regulate liquor sale and manufacture, and regulate the police power of the government, among other powers. Meetings continued to be in June and December. Joseph L

With these changes, a special session of the legislature met August 5 until August 20 in Oregon City. On August 11, 1845 at the introduction of

Jesse Applegate Jesse Applegate (July 5, 1811 – April 22, 1888) was an American pioneer who led a large group of settlers along the Oregon Trail to the Oregon Country. He was an influential member of the early government of Oregon, and helped establish the ...

the body passed a law against dueling within a half hour that Governor Abernethy also signed within 30 minutes of the bill's introduction. A new legislature met beginning on December 2, with

serving as the speaker of the body through December 10 and

Henry A. G. Lee Henry A. G. Lee (c. 1818 – 1851) was a soldier and politician in Oregon Country in the 1840s. A member of Virginia's Lee family, he was part of the John C. Frémont, Fremont Expedition and commanded troops during the Cayuse War in what became ...

assuming the post until the conclusion of the session on December 19.Oregon Legislative Assembly (1st Provisional) 1845 Regular Session.
Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. Polk District was created during the session, with the bill passed on December 19. John E. Long served as the recorder and Theophilus R. Magruder as the sergeant at arms for the group. The same people who served in the summer session also served in the December session. These sessions of the legislature designated Oregon City as the official

capital Capital and its variations may refer to: Common uses * Capital city, a municipality of primary status ** Capital region, a metropolitan region containing the capital ** List of national capitals * Capital letter, an upper-case letter Econom ...

and introduced income and property taxes that replaced an 1843 subscription program used to finance the government's activities.History of Oregon.
William Henry Gray. 1880. pg. 378 Other business included a ban on hard liquor, the incorporation of Oregon City, approval for the

Barlow Road The Barlow Road (at inception, Mount Hood Road) is a historic road in what is now the U.S. state of Oregon. It was built in 1846 by Sam Barlow and Philip Foster, with authorization of the Provisional Legislature of Oregon, and served as the ...

around

Mount Hood Mount Hood, also known as Wy'east, is an active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range and is a member of the Cascade Volcanic Arc. It was formed by a subduction zone on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast and rests in the Pacific N ...

, incorporation of the Multnomah Circulating Library, and incorporation of the

Oregon Institute The Oregon Institute was an American school located in the Willamette Valley of the Oregon Country during the 19th century. Begun in 1842, it was the first school built for European Americans west of Missouri. Founded by members of the Methodist Mi ...

. At the meetings John E. Long served as the recorder,

Frederick Prigg Frederick Prigg (1812–1849) was an American physician and pharmacist. He served as Secretary for the Provisional Government of Oregon, a position that eventually became the Oregon Secretary of State, which is now the second-highest office in t ...

as the clerk, a Mr. Shaw as the

sergeant at arms A serjeant-at-arms or sergeant-at-arms is an officer appointed by a deliberative body, usually a legislature, to keep order during its meetings. The word "serjeant" is derived from the Latin , which means "servant". Historically, serjeants-at-a ...

, and two people as chaplains.

Members

Members of the legislature and the districts they represented: *

Medard Godard Foisy Medard () is an '' Ortsgemeinde'' – a municipality belonging to a ''Verbandsgemeinde'', a kind of collective municipality – in the Kusel district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It belongs to the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' Lauterecken-Wolfstein. ...

, Champoeg * Joseph M. Garrison, Champoeg * Barton Lee, Champoeg *Robert Newell, Champoeg *William H. Gray, Clackamas *

, Clackamas * Hiram Straight, Clackamas * John McClure, Clatsop *David Hill, Tuality *Morton M. McCarver, Tuality * Isaac W. Smith, Tuality *

, Yamhill * Abijah Hendricks, Yamhill

1846

After hearing the news that the United States had informed Britain it would be ending its obligations under the

Treaty of 1818 The Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves, also known as the London Convention, Anglo-American Convention of 1818, Convention of 1818, or simply the Treaty of 1818, is an international treaty signed in 1818 betw ...

and looking for a division of the

, the legislature scaled back its agenda. One piece of legislation passed was a

pilotage Piloting or pilotage is the process of navigating on water or in the air using fixed points of reference on the sea or on land, usually with reference to a nautical chart or aeronautical chart to obtain a fix of the position of the vessel or air ...

law that set standards and licensed boat pilots at the mouth of the Columbia River. The 1846 legislature met in the home of Henry Montgomery Knighton in Oregon City from December 1 through 19, with

Asa Lovejoy Asa Lawrence Lovejoy (March 14, 1808 – September 10, 1882) was an American pioneer and politician in the region that would become the U.S. state of Oregon. He is best remembered as a founder of the city of Portland, Oregon. He was an attorney ...

serving as the speaker and leader.Oregon Legislative Assembly (2nd Provisional) 1846 Regular Session
, Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. Noah Huber served as a clerk and Knighton as sergeant at arms.

Members

Members of the legislature and the districts they represented: * Aaron Chamberlain, Champoeg * Jesse Looney, Champoeg * Angus McDonald, Champoeg *Robert Newell, Champoeg *Asa L. Lovejoy, Clackamas *Hiram Straight, Clackamas * William G. T'Vault, Clackamas * George Summers, Clatsop * William F. Tolmie, Lewis * John D. Boon, Polk * James E. Williams, Polk * Lawrence Hall, Tuality * Daniel H. Lownsdale, Tuality * Joseph L. Meek, Tuality * Henry N. Peers, Vancouver * Absalom J. Hembree, Yamhill * Thomas Jeffreys, Yamhill

1847

In 1847 the legislature met from December 7 to 28 at the Methodist Church in Oregon City.Oregon Legislative Assembly (3rd Provisional) 1847 Regular Session.
Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. On the second day of this meeting at Main and Seventh streets, news of the

Whitman massacre The Whitman massacre (also known as the Whitman killings and the Tragedy at Waiilatpu) was the killing of American missionaries Marcus and Narcissa Whitman, along with eleven others, on November 29, 1847. They were killed by a small group of C ...

, which occurred on November 29, 1847, was delivered to the legislature by Governor Abernethy. This event would dominate the remainder of the session as the Provisional Government worked with the

Hudson's Bay Company The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), originally the Governor and Company of Adventurers of England Trading Into Hudson’s Bay, is a Canadian holding company of department stores, and the oldest corporation in North America. It was the owner of the ...

to send an army east to Walla Walla. Forty-two men under the command of Henry A. G. Lee were sent immediately to

The Dalles The Dalles ( ;) formally the City of the Dalles and also called Dalles City, is an inland port, the county seat of and the largest city in Wasco County, Oregon, United States. The population was 16,010 at the 2020 census, and it is the large ...

in what was the beginning of the

Cayuse War The Cayuse War (1847–1855) was an armed conflict between the Cayuse people of the Northwestern United States and settlers, backed by the U.S. government. The conflict was triggered by the Whitman massacre of 1847, where the Cayuse attacked a ...

. A large force under the command of

Cornelius Gilliam Cornelius Gilliam (April 13, 1798 – March 24, 1848) was a pioneer of the U.S. state of Oregon who was best known as the commander of the volunteer forces against the Cayuse in the Cayuse War. A native of North Carolina, he served in the Black ...

was then organized and sent to punish those responsible for the massacre.Horner, John B. (1921). "Oregon: Her History, Her Great Men, Her Literature". The J.K. Gill Co.: Portland. On December 23, the group created Benton District out of the southern section of Polk District, naming the new district for Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton. In the legislature, Robert Newell was chosen as the speaker of the group with Calvin W. Cook as clerk.

Members

Members of the legislature and the districts they represented: *Aaron Chamberlain, Champoeg * Anderson Cox, Champoeg *Robert Newell, Champoeg *

William H. Rector William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is ...

, Champoeg * Willard Hall Rees, Champoeg *

Medorem Crawford Medorem Crawford (June 24, 1819 – December 26, 1891) was an American soldier and politician in what became the state of Oregon. A native of the state of New York (state), New York, he emigrated to the Oregon Country in 1842 where he participated ...

, Clackamas * Jacob M. Wair, Clackamas *

Samuel Simpson White Samuel is a figure who, in the narratives of the Hebrew Bible, plays a key role in the transition from the biblical judges to the United Kingdom of Israel under Saul, and again in the monarchy's transition from Saul to David. He is venerated a ...

, Clackamas * John Robinson, Clatsop * Simon Plamondon, Lewis * Marcus Aurelius Ford, Polk *

James W. Nesmith James Willis Nesmith (July 23, 1820 – June 17, 1885) was an American politician and lawyer from Oregon. Born in New Brunswick to American parents, he grew up in New Hampshire and Maine. A Democrat, he moved to Oregon Country in 1843 where he ...

, Polk *David Hill, Tuality *Joseph L. Meek, Tuality * Ralph Wilcox, Tuality *

Henry W. Peers Henry may refer to: People and fictional characters * Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters * Henry (surname) * Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone Arts and entertainment ...

, Vancouver *Absalom J. Hembree, Yamhill * Levi A. Rice, Yamhill * Lewis Franklin Rogers, Yamhill

Final sessions

The Provisional Legislature met for two sessions in late 1848 and early 1849.Oregon Legislative Assembly (4th Provisional) 1848–1849 Regular Session.
Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. The first session, from December 5 to December 13, never formally organized as so many of the representatives had traveled south for the

California Gold Rush The California gold rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought approximately 300,000 people to California from the rest of the U ...

. Beginning on February 5, a session was organized that conducted the final business of the Provisional Government. The session lasted until February 16. During this session a law forbidding the sale of firearms and supplies to Native Americans was repealed, and a law was passed to authorize the minting of gold coins. The law concerning the coins allowed for the creation of the Beaver Coins, which had a higher gold content than United States minted coins. Less than a month later, when the new territorial governor

arrived, however, he rescinded the law as unconstitutional and the coins were collected and removed from circulation. For the legislative session Ralph Wilcox was chosen as speaker, but he resigned from the post. Stephen Meek served as the doorkeeper, William G. T’Vault as a clerk, and

William Holmes William is a masculine given name of Germanic origin. It became popular in England after the Norman conquest in 1066,All Things William"Meaning & Origin of the Name"/ref> and remained so throughout the Middle Ages and into the modern era. It is ...

as sergeant at arms.

Members

Members of the legislature and the districts they represented: * Joseph C. Avery, Benton * William J. Bailey, Champoeg * Albert Gaines (disqualified), Champoeg *Robert Newell (resigned), Champoeg * Samuel Parker, Champoeg * William Porter, Champoeg *Medorem Crawford, Clackamas * George L. Curry,''Oregon Blue Book''
Oregon Secretary of State Agency History, page 12. Retrieved on April 28, 2021. Clackamas * Absalom F. Hedges, Clackamas * John L. Snook (resigned), Clackamas *

John Hudson John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second Ep ...

, Clatsop * Levi L. Smith, Lewis *Anderson Cox, Linn *

Henry J. Peterson Henry may refer to: People and fictional characters * Henry (given name), including lists of people and fictional characters * Henry (surname) * Henry, a stage name of François-Louis Henry (1786–1855), French baritone Arts and entertainment ...

, Linn *Jesse Applegate, Polk *James W. Nesmith (resigned), Polk *

(resigned), Polk *Peter H. Burnett (resigned), Tuality *David Hill, Tuality *Ralph Wilcox, Tuality *

Samuel Thurston Samuel Royal Thurston (April 15, 1816 – April 9, 1851) was an American pioneer, lawyer and politician. He was the first delegate from the Oregon Territory to the United States Congress and was instrumental in the passage of the Donation Land Cla ...

, Tuality * Adolphus L. Lewis, Vancouver *Asa L. Lovejoy (resigned), Vancouver *Absalom J. Hembree, Yamhill *

William J. Martin William Jefferson Martin (September 28, 1861 – June 30, 1941) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he served in the California State Assembly from the 48th district between 1917 and 1921. He also serv ...

, Yamhill *Levi A. Rice, Yamhill

Oregon Territory

On June 15, 1846, the

Oregon Treaty The Oregon Treaty was a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United States that was signed on June 15, 1846, in Washington, D.C. The treaty brought an end to the Oregon boundary dispute by settling competing American and British claims to ...

was signed with Great Britain, which settled the dispute over sovereignty of the Oregon Country. On August 13, 1848, the

United States Congress The United States Congress is the legislature, legislative branch of the federal government of the United States. It is a Bicameralism, bicameral legislature, including a Lower house, lower body, the United States House of Representatives, ...

created the Oregon Territory out of the land between

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

and the 49th parallel (this served as the border with Britain's North American colonies) and west of the

Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in North America. The Rocky Mountains stretch in great-circle distance, straight-line distance from the northernmost part of Western Can ...

. A new

bicameral Bicameralism is a type of legislature that is divided into two separate Deliberative assembly, assemblies, chambers, or houses, known as a bicameral legislature. Bicameralism is distinguished from unicameralism, in which all members deliberate ...

territorial legislature was created with an upper chamber Council and lower chamber House.Oregon Legislative Assembly (1st Territorial) 1849 Regular Session.
Oregon State Archives. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. These bodies met for the first time on July 16, 1849, with some members of the provisional legislature continuing into the new government, including David Hill, Asa Lovejoy, Samuel Parker, and Absalom J. Hembree. Upon statehood in 1859, the territorial legislature would be transformed into the

Oregon Legislative Assembly The Oregon Legislative Assembly is the State legislature (United States), state legislature for the U.S. state of Oregon. The Legislative Assembly is bicameral, consisting of an upper house, upper and lower chamber: the Oregon State Senate, Sena ...

References

{{good article Provisional Government of Oregon 1843 establishments in Oregon Country 1849 disestablishments in the United States Oregon legislative sessions