Operation Buccaneer is an "ongoing international copyright piracy investigation and prosecution" undertaken by the United States federal government.
It was part of a crackdown divided into three parts: Operation Bandwidth, Operation Buccaneer and Digital Piratez.
An undercover operation began in October 2000.
On December 11, 2001,
law enforcement agents in six countries targeted 62 people suspected of violating
software copyright
Software copyright is the application of copyright in law to machine-readable software. While many of the legal principles and policy debates concerning software copyright have close parallels in other domains of copyright law, there are a number ...
, with leads in twenty other countries. U.S. law enforcement agents, led by the
United States Customs Service
The United States Customs Service was a federal law enforcement agency of the U.S. federal government. Established on July 31, 1789, it collected import tariffs, performed other selected border security duties, as well as conducted criminal in ...
, raided computers in the economics department of the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a Private university, private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of moder ...
,
the
University of California, Los Angeles
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Its academic roots were established in 1881 as a normal school the ...
, an "off-campus location" of the
University of Oregon
The University of Oregon (UO, U of O or Oregon) is a Public university, public research university in Eugene, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1876, the university is organized into nine colleges and schools and offers 420 undergraduate and gra ...
, and dorm rooms at
Duke University
Duke University is a Private university, private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day city of Trinity, North Carolina, Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1 ...
and
Purdue University
Purdue University is a Public university#United States, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, United States, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The university was founded ...
.
Information obtained led to a subsequent raid at the
Rochester Institute of Technology
The Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) is a private university, private research university in Henrietta, New York, a suburb of Rochester, New York, Rochester. It was founded in 1829. It is one of only two institute of technology, institut ...
,
described by "warez gadfly 'ttol'" as one of "the two major hubs for communications between pirate groups" (along with the
University of Twente
The University of Twente ( ; Abbreviation, abbr. ) is a Public university, public technical university located in Enschede, Netherlands.
The university has been placed in the top 170 universities in the world by multiple central ranking tables. ...
in the Netherlands). However, the universities themselves were not considered targets of the criminal investigation. Several software companies were also raided.
[
"The Customs Service said it had singled out ]DrinkOrDie
DrinkOrDie (DoD) was one of the most prestigious underground software piracy group and warez trading network during the 1990s. On 11 December 2001 a major law enforcement raid - known as Operation Buccaneer - forced it to close under criminal ...
because it was considered one of the most sophisticated of the rings operating within a loose, global network."[ The DrinkOrDie site, where non-free software could be downloaded for free, was shut down the following day.][ However, Farhad Manjoo wrote in a '']Wired
Wired may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Music
* ''Wired'' (Jeff Beck album), 1976
* ''Wired'' (Hugh Cornwell album), 1993
* ''Wired'' (Mallory Knox album), 2017
* "Wired", a song by Prism from their album '' Beat Street''
* "Wired ...
'' magazine article that others were puzzled why the group was targeted; Manjoo characterized them as "small potatoes in the world of software theft", while an anonymous Australian infringer was quoted as saying, "they aren't the first to come to mind when you think to yourself 'who's the big deal in the scene?'"
Around 70[ search warrants were served and 150][ computers were seized for analysis. Raids were also conducted in ]Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its Provinces and territories of Canada, ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, making it the world's List of coun ...
, Britain
Britain most often refers to:
* Great Britain, a large island comprising the countries of England, Scotland and Wales
* The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a sovereign state in Europe comprising Great Britain and the north-eas ...
, Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising mainland Australia, the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and list of islands of Australia, numerous smaller isl ...
, Finland
Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...
, Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...
and Sweden
Sweden, formally the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, and Finland to the east. At , Sweden is the largest Nordic count ...
. Other groups investigated in the operation were warez groups such as Risciso, Razor 1911
Razor 1911 (RZR) is a warez and demogroup founded in Norway in 1985. It was the first ever such group to be initially founded exclusively as a demogroup, before moving into warez in 1987. According to the US Justice Department, Razor 1911 is th ...
, RequestToSend (RTS), ShadowRealm (SRM), WeLoveWarez (WLW) and POPZ.
Related law enforcement actions include: Operation Fastlink
Operation Fastlink is a coordination of four separate, simultaneous undercover investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Cyber Division, the Department of Justice, the Computer Crimes and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) ...
, Operation Digital Gridlock, Operation D-Elite and Operation Site Down.
Quotations
:"This investigation underscores the severity and scope of a multibillion-dollar software swindle over the Internet, as well as the vulnerabilities of this technology to outside attack."
::— Robert C. Bonner, commissioner of the Customs Service
:"Our targets are not your stereotypical teenage hacker."
::— Customs assistant commissioner John Varrone
:"This is not a sport. This is a serious crime. These people should do some hard time."
::— Commerce
Commerce is the organized Complex system, system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered large-scale exchange (distribution through Financial transaction, transactiona ...
undersecretary Phil Bond
:"Software piracy
Online piracy or software piracy is the practice of downloading and distributing copyrighted works digitally without permission, such as music, movies or software.
History
Nathan Fisk traces the origins of modern online piracy back to similar ...
undermines the stability of the burgeoning e-commerce
E-commerce (electronic commerce) refers to commercial activities including the electronic buying or selling products and services which are conducted on online platforms or over the Internet. E-commerce draws on technologies such as mobile co ...
industry and it is a direct threat to innovative companies that help strengthen the U.S. economy
The United States has a highly developed mixed economy. It is the world's largest economy by nominal GDP and second largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). As of 2025, it has the world's seventh highest nominal GDP per capita and ninth ...
."
::— Deputy U.S. Treasury
The Department of the Treasury (USDT) is the Treasury, national treasury and finance department of the federal government of the United States. It is one of 15 current United States federal executive departments, U.S. government departments.
...
Secretary Kenneth Dam
Kenneth Willard Dam (August 10, 1932 – May 31, 2022) was an American politician and academic who served as Deputy Secretary of the Treasury (the second highest official in the United States Department of the Treasury) from 2001 to 2004, where ...
:"This investigation only assist the multibillion-dollar companies to swindle you, the avid consumer, as well as the vulnerable people that deem information should be free, sure we would like people to buy the games they test play, but it doesn't happen because people have to pay #$ a gallon for gas and shit. Technology is to be used for the good of all, not some fat ass company man who doesn't know the first thing from a rar to a iso...... Gravy is awful good."
::— buj, Member of razor 1911
Felony convictions
As of October 2002, 17 people have been convicted of felonies in the United States, with 13 given federal prison terms of up to 46 months.[ In addition, Australian resident Hew Raymond Griffiths, the self-admitted leader of DrinkorDie, fought ]extradition
In an extradition, one Jurisdiction (area), jurisdiction delivers a person Suspect, accused or Conviction, convicted of committing a crime in another jurisdiction, into the custody of the other's law enforcement. It is a cooperative law enforc ...
to the United States for almost three years, but eventually lost and was sentenced to 51 months, though he was credited for the time served in an Australian jail.
In the United Kingdom, six were formally charged. In May 2005, some DrinkorDie members were the first to be sentenced in the United Kingdom as a result of Operation Buccaneer.
Raid locations
See also
* Operation D-Elite
* Operation Fastlink
Operation Fastlink is a coordination of four separate, simultaneous undercover investigations by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Cyber Division, the Department of Justice, the Computer Crimes and Intellectual Property Section (CCIPS) ...
* Operation Site Down
References
{{reflist, 2, refs=
[{{Cite journal , last1 = Urbas , first1 = G. , title = Cross-national investigation and prosecution of intellectual property crimes: The example of "Operation Buccaneer" , doi = 10.1007/s10611-007-9060-x , journal = Crime, Law and Social Change , volume = 46 , issue = 4–5 , pages = 207–221 , year = 2007 , s2cid = 145094409 ]
[{{cite web , title=Operation Buccaneer , author=US Department of Justice , url=http://www.cybercrime.gov/ob/OBMain.htm , archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722172136/http://www.cybercrime.gov/ob/OBMain.htm , archive-date=2011-07-22 ]
External links
DrinkorDie webpage
– U.S. Department of Justice, December 11, 2001
* ttps://web.archive.org/web/20151006164136/http://wfile.ait.org.tw/wf-archive/2001/011211/epf219.htm Department of State Agents Crack Down on Global Internet Piracy Rings
Stort tillslag mot internationellt nätverk för piratkopiering
– Swedish language
Swedish ( ) is a North Germanic languages, North Germanic language from the Indo-European languages, Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland. It has at least 10 million native speakers, making it the G ...
newspaper article on the raid.
Warez Scene news feed on the raid
Article on Operation Digital Pirates.
– Nashua Telegraph, Mar. 8, 2004
Internet piracy trio sent to jail
– BBC News UK Edition, May 6, 2005
Copyright enforcement
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