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An open prison or open jail is any jail in which the
prisoner A prisoner, also known as an inmate or detainee, is a person who is deprived of liberty against their will. This can be by confinement or captivity in a prison or physical restraint. The term usually applies to one serving a Sentence (law), se ...
s are trusted to complete sentences with minimal supervision and perimeter security and are often not locked up in their prison cells. Prisoners may be permitted to take up employment while serving their sentence. This provides an opportunity for criminals to reintegrate into society and withdraw from criminal behavior. Without the constraints and stresses of typical incarcerations, criminals can discover more positive lifestyles through support and light supervision from the criminal justice system. Open prisons provide the opportunity for prisoners to improve their mental health and opportunities for employment. Some scholars have pointed out that new forms of “pains of imprisonment” can arise within open prisons, due to the stresses of “liberty under constraint.”


United Kingdom

In the UK, open prisons are often part of a rehabilitation plan for prisoners moved from
closed prison Closed prisons are prisons with the high level of supervision of the inmates. The opposite is an open prison. Closed prisons may have further categorization in terms of security. Finland , of the 28 prisons in Finland, 70% of inmates are in closed ...
s. They may be designated "training prisons" and are only for prisoners considered a low risk to the public.


Indonesia

In Indonesia, open prisons have been used to substitute immigrant detention centers and closed prison incarceration. This change has been helpful in creating a humane environment for immigrants that is less confining than incarceration and detention centers. These open prisons tend to do a better job at providing basic needs and creating better conditions than detention centers. The assistance of the International Organization of Migration contributed to Indonesia's government efforts to create alternative systems to detention. In 2018, refugees and asylum seekers no longer housed in immigration detention centers, and open prisons became one of trial substitutes for immigrants. Entry into open prisons may be dependent upon agreements to follow Indonesia law, consistently report to local authorities, and adhere to discretionary rules while being in the country. The idea of an open prison is often criticized by members of the public and politicians, despite its success towards rehabilitation compared to older, more draconian methods. Prisoners in open jails do not have complete freedom and are only allowed to leave the premises for specific purposes, such as going to an outside job. In Ireland, there has been controversy about the level of escape from open prisons, attributed to their use by the
Irish Prison Service The Irish Prison Service (IPS) () manages the day-to-day operation of prisons in Ireland. Political responsibility for the Ireland's prisons rests with the Minister of the Department of Justice. History In 1928, the Minister for Justice of ...
not just to transfer prisoners suitable for open conditions, but also to reduce overcrowding in closed prisons. The idea of open prisons is to rehabilitate prisoners rather than to punish them.


Examples of open prisons


India

* Nettukaltheri Open Prison & Correctional Home,
Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram ( ), also known as Trivandrum, is the Capital city, capital city of the Indian state of Kerala. As of 2011, the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation had a population of 957,730 over an area of 214.86 sq. km, making it the ...
*
Cheemeni Cheemeni is a small town in Hosdurg taluk of Kasaragod district in the state of Kerala, India. Demographics As of the 2011 India census, Cheemeni had a population of 8,283 with 3,908 males and 4,375 females. Transportation Local roads have acce ...
Open Prison & Correctional Home,
Kasaragod Kasaragod () is a municipal town and the administrative headquarters of the Kasaragod district in the state of Kerala, India. Established in 1966, Kasaragod was the first municipal town in the district. It is the northernmost district of Kera ...
* Poojapura Women Open Prison & Correctional Home,
Thiruvananthapuram Thiruvananthapuram ( ), also known as Trivandrum, is the Capital city, capital city of the Indian state of Kerala. As of 2011, the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation had a population of 957,730 over an area of 214.86 sq. km, making it the ...
* Yerwada Open Jail, in
Yerwada Yerawada is a neighbourhood of the city of Pune in the state of Maharashtra, India. Before that British Raj Yerawada was known as ''Yeraoda.'' Yerawada is one of the most densely populated areas in Pune. It is located at the beginning of Ahmedn ...
,
Pune Pune ( ; , ISO 15919, ISO: ), previously spelled in English as Poona (List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1978), is a city in the state of Maharashtra in the Deccan Plateau, Deccan plateau in Western ...
,
Maharashtra Maharashtra () is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau. It is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west, the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south, Telangana to th ...
* Tihar Open Jail, in
Delhi Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India. Straddling the Yamuna river, but spread chiefly to the west, or beyond its Bank (geography ...
*Sampurnanand Open Jail, in
Sitarganj Sitarganj is a city and a municipal board in Udham Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Geography Sitarganj is located at . It has an average elevation of 298 metres (978 feet). Sitarganj comes under the Terai Ag ...
,
Uttarakhand Uttarakhand (, ), also known as Uttaranchal ( ; List of renamed places in India, the official name until 2007), is a States and union territories of India, state in North India, northern India. The state is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the n ...


Ireland

*
Loughan House Loughan House Open Centre (; ) is a low-security, open detention centre in Blacklion, County Cavan, Ireland. It was purchased by the Department of Justice in 1972 to be converted to a prison facility. It is low security, and caters for male inm ...
, Blacklion, County Cavan, Ireland *
Shelton Abbey Prison Shelton Abbey () on the north bank of the River Avoca, Avoca near Arklow County Wicklow, is a penal institution operated by the Irish Prison Service (IPS). Shelton Abbey was the ancestral seat of the Earl of Wicklow, Earls of Wicklow until 195 ...
, Arklow, County Wicklow, Ireland


Philippines

*
Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa, Palawan, Philippines is one of seven operating units of the Bureau of Corrections under the Department of Justice. Currently, it houses some 4,000 inmates. History American territorial peri ...


United Kingdom

;;England (men's) *
HM Prison Ford HM Prison Ford (informally known as Ford Open Prison) is a Category D men's prison, located at Ford, in West Sussex, England, near Arundel and Littlehampton. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. Air Force and Navy use ...
,
Ford Ford commonly refers to: * Ford Motor Company, an automobile manufacturer founded by Henry Ford * Ford (crossing), a shallow crossing on a river Ford may also refer to: Ford Motor Company * Henry Ford, founder of the Ford Motor Company * Ford F ...
,
West Sussex West Sussex is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Surrey to the north, East Sussex to the east, the English Channel to the south, and Hampshire to the west. The largest settlement is Cr ...
*
HM Prison Leyhill HM Prison Leyhill is a category D men's prison located in the parish of Cromhall in Gloucestershire, England. His Majesty's Prison Service operates Leyhill Prison. History Leyhill Prison was originally a United States military hospital built f ...
,
South Gloucestershire South Gloucestershire is a unitary authority area in the ceremonial county of Gloucestershire, South West England. Towns in the area include Yate, Chipping Sodbury, Kingswood, Thornbury, Filton, Patchway and Bradley Stoke. The southern p ...
*
HM Prison Hatfield HM Prison Hatfield (formerly HMP & YOI Moorland Open) is a Category D men's prison and Young Offenders Institution, located near Hatfield Woodhouse in South Yorkshire, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. History I ...
,
South Yorkshire South Yorkshire is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire to the north, the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north-east, Lincolnshire ...
*
HM Prison Haverigg HM Prison Haverigg is a Category D men's prison, located in the village of Haverigg (near Millom) in Cumbria, and historically in Cumberland, England. The prison is situated just outside the Lake District National Park. Haverigg Prison is ope ...
,
Cumbria Cumbria ( ) is a ceremonial county in North West England. It borders the Scottish council areas of Dumfries and Galloway and Scottish Borders to the north, Northumberland and County Durham to the east, North Yorkshire to the south-east, Lancash ...
* HM Prison Thorn Cross,
Cheshire Cheshire ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in North West England. It is bordered by Merseyside to the north-west, Greater Manchester to the north-east, Derbyshire to the east, Staffordshire to the south-east, and Shrop ...
*
HM Prison Hollesley Bay HM Prison Hollesley Bay, known locally as Hollesley Bay Colony (to which signposts still point) or simply The Colony, is a Prison security categories in the United Kingdom, Category D men's prison and Young Offender Institution, located in the ...
,
Suffolk Suffolk ( ) is a ceremonial county in the East of England and East Anglia. It is bordered by Norfolk to the north, the North Sea to the east, Essex to the south, and Cambridgeshire to the west. Ipswich is the largest settlement and the county ...
*
HM Prison Kirkham HM Prison Kirkham is a Category D men's prison, located southwest of Kirkham in Lancashire, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. History RAF Kirkham The prison's location was originally the site of RAF Kirkham, whic ...
,
Lancashire Lancashire ( , ; abbreviated ''Lancs'') is a ceremonial county in North West England. It is bordered by Cumbria to the north, North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire to the east, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south, and the Irish Sea to ...
* HM Prison Kirklevington Grange,
North Yorkshire North Yorkshire is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in Northern England.The Unitary authorities of England, unitary authority areas of City of York, York and North Yorkshire (district), North Yorkshire are in Yorkshire and t ...
* HM Prison North Sea Camp,
Lincolnshire Lincolnshire (), abbreviated ''Lincs'', is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands and Yorkshire and the Humber regions of England. It is bordered by the East Riding of Yorkshire across the Humber estuary to th ...
* HM Prison Spring Hill,
Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire (, abbreviated ''Bucks'') is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England and one of the home counties. It is bordered by Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north-east, Hertfordshir ...
*
HM Prison Standford Hill HM Prison Standford Hill (Sheppey Cluster) is a Prison security categories in the United Kingdom, Category D men's prison, located close to the village of Eastchurch on the Isle of Sheppey, Kent. Standford Hill forms part of the Sheppey prisons c ...
,
Kent Kent is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north, the Strait of Dover to the south-east, East Sussex to the south-west, Surrey to the west, and Gr ...
* HM Prison Sudbury,
Derbyshire Derbyshire ( ) is a ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It borders Greater Manchester, West Yorkshire, and South Yorkshire to the north, Nottinghamshire to the east, Leicestershire to the south-east, Staffordshire to the south a ...
;;England (women's) *
HM Prison Askham Grange HM Prison Askham Grange is a women's open category prison, located in Askham Richard village in North Yorkshire, England. The prison is run by His Majesty's Prison Service. History H.M. Prison Askham Grange was opened in January 1947 as a wom ...
, York *
HM Prison East Sutton Park HM Prison East Sutton Park is a women's open prison and young offender's institute located in the Parish of East Sutton, near Maidstone in Kent, England. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison & Probation Service. History East Sutton P ...
,
Kent Kent is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in South East England. It is bordered by Essex across the Thames Estuary to the north, the Strait of Dover to the south-east, East Sussex to the south-west, Surrey to the west, and Gr ...
;;Wales *
HM Prison Prescoed HM Prison Prescoed (Welsh: ) is a Category D men's open prison, located in Coed-y-paen, three miles from Usk in Monmouthshire, Wales. Prescoed is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service, and acts as a satellite prison of the nearby HMP Usk. ...
,
Monmouthshire Monmouthshire ( ; ) is a Principal areas of Wales, county in the South East Wales, south east of Wales. It borders Powys to the north; the English counties of Herefordshire and Gloucestershire to the north and east; the Severn Estuary to the s ...
;;Scotland * HM Prison Castle Huntly,
Longforgan Longforgan is a village and parish in the Carse of Gowrie, in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. It lies west of Dundee on the main A90 road. History A record survives of Sir Patrick Gray, as Baron of Longforgan, holding a baronial court here in 138 ...
,
Perth and Kinross Perth and Kinross (; ) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland, and a Lieutenancy areas of Scotland, lieutenancy area. It is bordered by Highland (council area), Highland and Aberdeenshire to the north, Angus, Scotland, Angus, Dundee, and F ...


Offener Vollzug in Germany

In Germany the "Offener Vollzug" is part of the rehabilitation process for about 16% of prisoners.Justizvollzug: Strafgefangene nach Geschlecht, Alter und Art des Vollzugs, voraussichtliche Vollzugsdauer
from the
Federal Statistical Office of Germany The Federal Statistical Office (, shortened ''Destatis'') is a federal authority of Germany. It reports to the Federal Ministry of the Interior. The Office is responsible for collecting, processing, presenting and analysing statistical informati ...


In fiction

Trumble, a fictional open prison in
Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
, is the major setting for John Grisham's novel ''
The Brethren Brethren, also called "brothers", are male siblings. (The) Brethren may refer to: Groups and organizations *Brethren (religious group), any of a number of religious groups *Brethren (Australian group), an Australian hip hop group *Brethren, an ea ...
''.


See also

*
Closed prison Closed prisons are prisons with the high level of supervision of the inmates. The opposite is an open prison. Closed prisons may have further categorization in terms of security. Finland , of the 28 prisons in Finland, 70% of inmates are in closed ...
*
Prison security categories in the United Kingdom In the United Kingdom, prisoners are divided into four categories of security. Each adult is assigned to a category according to their crime, sentence, the risk of escape, and violent tendencies. The categories are designated with the letters A ...
*
House arrest House arrest (also called home confinement, or nowadays electronic monitoring) is a legal measure where a person is required to remain at their residence under supervision, typically as an alternative to imprisonment. The person is confined b ...
*
Penal colony A penal colony or exile colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general population by placing them in a remote location, often an island or distant colonial territory. Although the term can be used to refer ...
*
Club Fed "Club Fed" is a derisive term used in North America to refer to a prison whose accommodations are seen as less severe than many other prisons. ''Club Fed'' is a pun on the "Club Med" chain of all-inclusive resorts. The 1999 movie ''Office Space'' ...
, similar phenomenon in US and Canada


References

Andvig, E., Koffeld-Hamidane, S., Ausland, L. H., & Karlsson, B. (2021). Inmates’ perceptions and experiences of how they were prepared for release from a Norwegian open prison. Nordic Journal of Criminology (Routledge), 22(2), 203–220. Baumann, M., Meyers, R., Le Bihan, E., Houssemand, C., & Baumann, M. (2008). Mental health (GHQ12; CES-D) and attitudes towards the value of work among inmates of a semi-open prison and the long-term unemployed in Luxembourg. ''BMC Public Health'', ''8''(1), 214–223. Easing overcrowding in Indonesia’s prisons: Opening unexpected opportunities. Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (n.d.). https://www.dfat.gov.au/development/australias-development-program/stories-impact/easing-overcrowding-indonesias-prisons-opening-unexpected-opportunities Missbach, A. (2021). Substituting immigration detention centres with “open prisons” in Indonesia: alternatives to detention as the continuum of unfreedom. Citizenship Studies, 25(2), 224–237. Easing overcrowding in Indonesia’s prisons: Opening unexpected opportunities. Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. (n.d.). https://www.dfat.gov.au/development/australias-development-program/stories-impact/easing-overcrowding-indonesias-prisons-opening-unexpected-opportunities {{DEFAULTSORT:Open Prison Prisons