250px, Hitotsuyanagi Suenori, final ''daimyō'' of Ono Domain was a feudal domain under the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in ...

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional ''daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was character ...

Japan, in

Harima Province or Banshū (播州) was a province of Japan in the part of Honshū that is the southwestern part of present-day Hyōgo Prefecture. Harima bordered on Tajima, Tanba, Settsu, Bizen, and Mimasaka Provinces. Its capital was Himeji. During ...

in what is now the south-central portion of modern-day

Hyōgo Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu. Hyōgo Prefecture has a population of 5,469,762 () and has a geographic area of . Hyōgo Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the east, Osaka Prefecture to the southeast, ...

. It was centered around the Ono ''

jin'ya A was a type of administrative headquarters in the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo period of Japanese history. ''Jin'ya'' served as the seat of the administration for a small domain, a province, or additional parcels of land. ''Jin'ya'' hous ...

'' which was located in what is now the city of Ono, Hyōgo. It was controlled by the ''

tozama daimyō was a class of powerful magnates or ''daimyō'' (大名) considered to be outsiders by the ruler of Japan.Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary, ''Tozama daimyō'' were classified in the Tokugawa Shogunate (江戸幕府) as ''daimyō'' ...

'' Hitotsuyanagi clan throughout its history.

History

Hitotsuyanagi Naomori was established as ''

daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and nominall ...

'' of the 50,000 '' koku''

Kanbe Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Ise Province in what is part of now modern-day Suzuka, Mie. It was centered around Kanbe Castle. Kanbe Domain was controlled by '' fudai daimyō'' clans throughout ...

under the Tokugawa shogunate in 1601. In 1636, he was awarded with a further increase in ''

kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of '' koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. ...

'' to 68,000 ''koku'' and was transferred to Saijō Domain in

Iyo Province was a province of Japan in the area of northwestern Shikoku. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Tosa''" in . Iyo bordered on Sanuki Province to the northeast, Awa to the east, and Tosa to the south. Its abbreviated form name was . In te ...

. On his death, he divided his holdings between his three sons, with his second son, Hitotsuyanagi Naoie, receiving 23,000 ''koku'' and the new title of ''daimyō'' of "Kawanoe Domain" in Iyo. This was in addition to the 5000 ''koku'' he already had in Harima Province. However, in 1642, he suddenly died shortly after arriving in

Edo Edo ( ja, , , "bay-entrance" or "estuary"), also romanized as Jedo, Yedo or Yeddo, is the former name of Tokyo. Edo, formerly a ''jōkamachi'' (castle town) centered on Edo Castle located in Musashi Province, became the ''de facto'' capital of ...

on '' sankin kōtai'' due to a

furuncle A boil, also called a furuncle, is a deep folliculitis, which is an infection of the hair follicle. It is most commonly caused by infection by the bacterium ''Staphylococcus aureus'', resulting in a painful swollen area on the skin caused by an ...

on his face. As he had no heir, the domain hurriedly married his daughter to the second son of Koide Yoshichika of

Sonobe Domain 250px, Sonobe Castle was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Tanba Province in what is now the central portion of modern-day Kyoto Prefecture. It was centered around Sonobe ''jin'ya'', which was locat ...

and to arrange a posthumous adoption to avoid

attainder In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason). It entailed losing not only one's life, property and heredit ...

. The attempt was only partially successful, as the shogunate used this as an excuse to seize most of the domain's holdings in Iyo, leaving him with only 10,000 ''koku''. The third through ninth ''daimyō'' served in the shogunate in the minor role of ''Sumpu kaban''; however, from the time of the 5th ''daimyō'' Hitotsuyanagi Suenaga, the domain's finances deteriorated. In 1833, towards the end of the tenure of the 9th ''daimyō'' Hitotsuyanagi Suenobu, large-scale peasant uprisings occurred. In 1836, the

han school The was an educational institution in the Edo period of Japan, originally established to educate children of ''daimyō'' (feudal lords) and their retainers in the domains outside of the capital. These institutions were also known as ''hangaku ...

, Kishokan, was opened. Under the 11th and final ''daimyō'' Hitotsuyanagi Suemori, the domain was an early supporter of the imperial cause in the Boshin War. In 1871, with the

abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...

, the domain became "Ono Prefecture", which was merged with "Shikama Prefecture", which in turn became part of Hyōgo Prefecture. The Hitotsuyanagi clan was ennobled with the ''

kazoku The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan, which existed between 1869 and 1947. They succeeded the feudal lords () and court nobles (), but were abolished with the 1947 constitution. Kazoku ( 華族) should not be confused with ...

'' peerage title of ''shishaku'' (viscount) in 1884. The site of the Ono Jin'ya is now the location of Ono Elementary School. In addition to a stone monument, a small portion of earthen wall still exists.

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

As with most domains in the

han system ( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain) ...

, Ono Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''

'', based on periodic

cadastral A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes and bounds, metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represented gra ...

surveys and projected agricultural yields.Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987)
''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18
*

**30 villages in Katō District

List of daimyō

References

{{Authority control Domains of Japan 1871 disestablishments in Japan States and territories disestablished in 1871 Harima Province History of Hyōgo Prefecture

History

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

List of daimyō

See also

Further reading

References