Olearia Adenocarpa

''Olearia'', most commonly known as daisy-bush, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae, the largest of the flowering plant families in the world. Olearia are found in Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The genus includes herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees. The latter are unusual among the Asteraceae and are called tree daisies in New Zealand. All bear the familiar daisy-like composite flowerheads in white, pink, mauve or purple.

Description

Plants in the genus ''Olearia'' are shrubs of varying sizes, characterised by a composite flower head arrangement with single-row ray florets enclosed by small overlapping bracts arranged in rows. The flower petals are more or less equal in length. The centre of the bi-sexual floret is disc shaped and may be white, yellowish or purplish, generally with 5 lobes. Flower heads may be single or clusters in leaf axils or at the apex of branchlets. Leaves may be smooth, glandular or with a sticky secretion. The leaves may grow opposite, alternate, arranged sparsely or clustered. Leaf margins either entire or lobed, with or without a stalk. The fruit are dry slightly compressed, one-seeded, narrow-elliptic or egg-shaped with longitudinal ridges and smooth or with sparse hairs.

Taxonomy and naming

The genus ''Olearia'' was first described in 1802 by Conrad Moench in ''Supplementum ad Methodum Plantas'' and is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of ''Specimen Florae Hallensis''. Originally a large genus, a molecular study has found it to be polyphyletic.

Distribution

There are approximately 180 species of ''Olearia'', of which about 112 species are endemic to Australia. ''Olearia'' are found in all states of Australia.

Species

The following is a list of ''Olearia'' species accepted by the Australian Plant Census or the New Zealand Plant Conservation Network or listed in the Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea as at May 2021:

*'' Olearia adenocarpa'' Molloy ( N.Z.)
*'' Olearia adenolasia'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – woolly-glandular daisy-bush (W.A.)
*'' Olearia aglossa'' ( Betche & Maiden) Lander (N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia albida'' ( Hook.f.) Hook.f. – tanguru (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia algida'' N.A.Wakef. – alpine daisy-bush (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic. Tas.)
*'' Olearia allomii'' Kirk – Great Barrier tree daisy (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia alpicola'' F.Muell. ex Benth. – alpine daisy-bush (N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia angulata'' (Kirk) Allan (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia angustifolia'' Hook.f. – teteaweka (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia arborescens'' ( G.Forst.) Cockayne & Laing – common tree daisy, glossy tree daisy (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia archeri'' Lander (Tas.)
*'' Olearia arckaringensis'' P.J.Lang – Arckaringensis daisy (S.A.)
*''Olearia argophylla'' ( Labill.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – musk daisy-bush, native musk, silver shrub (N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia arguta'' Benth. (W.A., N.T., Qld.)
** ''Olearia arguta'' Benth. var. ''arguta'' (W.A., N.T.)
** ''Olearia arguta'' var. ''lanata'' Benth. (W.A., N.T., Qld.)
*'' Olearia arida'' E.Pritz. (W.A., S.A., N.T.)
*'' Olearia asterotricha'' (F.Muell.) Benth. – rough daisy-bush (N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia astroloba'' Lander & N.G.Walsh – marble daisy-bush (Vic.)
*'' Olearia avicenniifolia'' ( Raoul) Hook.f. – akeake (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia axillaris'' ( DC.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – coast daisy-bush (W.A., S.A., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia ballii'' (F.Muell.) Hemsl. – mountain daisy (Lord Howe Island)
*'' Olearia brachyphylla'' (F.Muell. ex Sond.) N.A.Wakef. (W.A., S.A.)
*'' Olearia brevipedunculata'' N.G.Walsh (N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia bullata'' H.D.Wilson & Garn.-Jones (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia burgessii'' Lander (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia calcarea'' F.Muell. ex Benth. – limestone daisy bush (W.A., S.A., Vic., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia canescens'' (Benth.) Hutch. (N.S.W., Qld.)
*'' Olearia cassiniae'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (W.A.)
*'' Olearia chathamica'' Kirk (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia cheesmanii'' Cockayne & Allan – streamside tree daisy (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia chrysophylla'' (DC.) Benth. (N.S.W., Qld.)
*'' Olearia ciliata'' (Benth.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – fringed daisy-bush (W.A., S.A., Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia colensoi'' Hook.f. – tupare, leatherwood (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia cordata'' Lander (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia covenyi'' Lander (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia coriacea'' Kirk (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia crebra'' E.K.Cameron & Heenan (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia crosby-smithiana'' Petrie (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia cuneifolia'' A.R.Bean & M.T.Mathieson (Qld.)
*'' Olearia curticoma'' N.G.Walsh (Vic.)
*'' Olearia cydoniifolia'' (DC.) Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia cymbifolia'' (Hook.f.) Cheeseman (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia decurrens'' (DC.) Benth. – clammy daisy-bush (W.A., S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia durifolia'' J.Kost. (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia elaeophila'' (A.Cunn. ex DC.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (W.A.)
*'' Olearia elliptica'' DC. – sticky daisy-bush (Qld., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia eremaea'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia ericoides'' ( Steetz) N.A.Wakef. (Tas.)
*'' Olearia erubescens'' ( Sieber ex Spreng.) Dippel (S.A., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.) – pink-tip daisy-bush, moth daisy-bush
*'' Olearia exiguifolia'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (W.A., S.A.)
*'' Olearia ferresii'' (F.Muell.) Benth. (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld.)
*'' Olearia fimbriata'' Heads (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia floccosa'' J.Kost. (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia flocktoniae'' Maiden & Betche – Dorrigo daisy-bush (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia floribunda'' (Hook.f.) Benth. – heath daisy-bush (N.S.W., Vic., S.A.)
*'' Olearia fluvialis'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia fragrantissima'' Petrie (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia frostii'' (F.Muell.) J.H.Willis – Bogong daisy-bush (Vic.)
*'' Olearia furfuracea'' (A.Rich.) Hook.f. – akepiro (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia gardneri'' Heads (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia glandulosa'' (Labill.) Benth. – swamp daisy-bush (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia glutinosa'' (Lindl.) Benth. – sticky daisy-bush (S.A., Vic. Tas.)
*'' Olearia gordonii'' Lander (Qld.)
*'' Olearia grandiflora'' Hook. – Mount Lofty daisy-bush (S.A.)
*'' Olearia gravis'' (F.Muell.) Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia hectorii'' Hook.f. (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia heterocarpa'' S.T.Blake – Nightcap daisy bush (Qld., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia heterolepis'' Mattf. (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia heterotricha'' Mattf. (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia homolepis'' (F.Muell.) Benth. (W.A.)
*'' Olearia hooglandii'' J.Kost. (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia hookeri'' (Sond.) Benth. (Tas.)
*'' Olearia humilis'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia hygrophila'' (DC.) Benth. (Qld.)
*'' Olearia ilicifolia'' Hook.f. – mountain holly (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia imbricata'' ( Turcz.) Benth. – imbricate daisy bush (W.A.)
*'' Olearia incana'' ( D.A.Cooke) Lander (W.A., S.A., Vic., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia incondita'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia iodochroa'' (F.Muell.) Benth. – violet daisy-bush (N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia kernotii'' F.Muell. (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia laciniifolia'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia lacunosa'' Buchanan – lancewood tree daisy (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia lanata'' J.Kost (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia lanuginosa'' (J.H.Willis) N.A.Wakef. – woolly daisy bush (W.A., S.A., Vic.)
*'' Olearia lasiophylla'' Lander (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia laxiflora'' Kirk (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia ledifolia'' (DC.) Benth. – rock daisy bush (Tas.)
*'' Olearia lehmanniana'' (Steetz) Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia lepidophylla'' ( Pers.) Benth. – club-moss daisy-bush (W.A., S.A., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia lepidota'' Mattf. (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia leptocephala'' J.Kost (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia lineata'' (Kirk) Cockayne (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia lirata'' ( Sims) Hutch. – snowy daisy-bush (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia lyallii'' Hook.f. – subantarctic tree daisy (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia macdonnellensis'' D.A.Cooke (N.T.)
*'' Olearia magniflora'' (F.Muell.) Benth. – splendid daisy-bush (W.A.,, S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia megalophylla'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – large-leaf daisy-bush (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
*'' Olearia microdisca'' J.M.Black (S.A.)
*'' Olearia microphylla'' ( Vent.) Maiden & Betche – small-leaf daisy-bush (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T.)
*'' Olearia minor'' (Benth.) Lander (N.S.W., Vic., S.A., W.A.)
*'' Olearia montana'' Lander (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia monticola'' F.M.Bailey (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia mooneyi'' (F.Muell.) Hemsl. ( L.H.I)
*'' Olearia moschata'' Hook.f. (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia mucronata'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia muelleri'' (Sond.) Benth. – Goldfields daisy, Mueller's daisy bush (W.A., S.A., Vic., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia muricata'' (Steetz) Benth. – rough-leaved daisy bush (W.A.)
*'' Olearia myrsinoides'' (Labill.) F.Muell. ex Benth. – blush daisy-bush, silky daisy-bush (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia nernstii'' (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia newbeyi'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia nummulariifolia'' (Hook.f.) Hook.f. (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia obcordata'' (Hook.f.) Benth. (Tas.)
*'' Olearia occidentissima'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia odorata'' Petrie – scented tree daisy (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia oliganthema'' F.Muell. ex Benth. (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia oporina'' (G.Forst.) Hook.f. (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia oppositifolia'' (F.Muell.) Lander (Qld., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia orientalis'' A.R.Bean & Jobson (Qld.)
*'' Olearia pachycephala'' J.Kost (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia pachyphylla'' Cheeseman (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia pallida'' J.Kost (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia paniculata'' (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Druce (N.Z.) – akiraho
*'' Olearia pannosa'' Hook. – velvet daisy-bush (S.A., Vic.)
*'' Olearia passerinoides'' (Turcz.) Benth. (W.A., S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia paucidentata'' (Steetz.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (W.A.)
*'' Olearia persoonioides'' (DC.) Benth. (Tas.)
*'' Olearia phlogopappa'' (Labill.) DC. – dusty daisy-bush, alpine daisy-bush (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia picridifolia'' (F.Muell.) Benth. (W.A., S.A., Vic.)
*'' Olearia pimeleoides'' (DC.) Benth. – pimelea daisy-bush (W.A., S.A., Qld., N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia pinifolia'' (Hook.f.) Benth. (Tas.)
*'' Olearia platyphylla'' Mattf. (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia plucheacea'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia polita'' H.D.Wilson & Garn.-Jones (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia quercifolia'' Sieber ex DC. – oak-leaved daisy-bush (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia quinquevulnera'' Heenan (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia racemosa'' Domin (Qld.)
*'' Olearia ramosissima'' (DC.) Benth. (W.A., Qld., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia ramulosa'' (Labill.) Benth. – twiggy daisy-bush (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia rani'' (A.Cunn.) Druce – heketara (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia revoluta'' Benth. (W.A.)
*'' Olearia rosmarinifolia'' (DC.) Benth. (Qld., N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia rudis'' (Benth.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia rufa'' J.Kost (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia rugosa'' (F.Muell. ex W.Archer bis) Hutch. – wrinkled daisy-bush (N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia solandri'' (Hook.f.) Hook.f. – coastal tree daisy (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia speciosa'' Hutch. (Vic.)
*'' Olearia spectabilis'' J.Kost (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia stellulata'' ( Labill.) DC. (Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia stenophylla'' N.G.Walsh (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia stilwelliae'' Blakely (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia strigosa'' (Steetz) Benth. – bristly daisy bush (W.A.)
*'' Olearia stuartii'' (F.Muell.) Benth. (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld.)
*'' Olearia subspicata'' (Hook.) Benth. (W.A., N.T., S.A., Qld., N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia suffruticosa'' D.A.Cooke – clustered daisy-bush (S.A., N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia tasmanica'' W.M.Curtis (Tas.)
*'' Olearia telmatica'' Heenan & de Lange – shell akeake, swamp akeake (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia tenuifolia'' (DC.) Benth. – thin-leaf daisy-bush (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.)
*'' Olearia teretifolia'' (Sond.) Benth. – cypress daisy-bush (S.A., Vic.)
*'' Olearia tomentosa'' ( J.C.Wendl.) Benth. – toothed daisy-bush (N.S.W., Vic.)
*'' Olearia towsonii'' Cheeseman – Coromandel tree daisy (N.Z.)
*''Olearia traversiorum'' (F.Muell.) Hook.f. – hakapiri, Chatham Island akeake (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia trifurcata'' Lander (W.A.)
*'' Olearia tubuliflora'' (Sond. & F.Muell. ex Sond.) Benth. (S.A., Vic.)
*'' Olearia velutina'' J.Kost (P.N.G.)
*'' Olearia vernonioides'' C.T.White & Francis (P.N.G.)
*''Olearia virgata'' (Hook.f.) Hook.f. (N.Z.)
*'' Olearia viscidula'' (F.Muell.) Benth. – viscid daisy-bush (N.S.W.)
*'' Olearia viscosa'' (Labill.) Benth. – sticky daisy-bush (Vic., Tas.)
*'' Olearia xerophila'' (F.Muell.) Benth. (W.A., Qld.)

Use in horticulture

Several species are cultivated as ornamental garden plants, and there are hybrids of uncertain or mixed parentage. Among these, the following have been given the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:-
*'' Olearia macrodonta'', New Zealand holly
*''Olearia'' × ''mollis'' 'Zennorensis', daisy bush 'Zennorensis'
*''Olearia'' × ''scilloniensis''
*''Olearia'' × ''scilloniensis'' 'Master Michael'

They are generally hardy down to , but require a sheltered spot in full sun.

References

{{Authority control

Asteraceae genera
Flora of the Australasian realm
Taxa described in 1802
Taxa named by Conrad Moench