''Oeceoclades'', collectively known as the monk orchids, is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (). The term angiosperm is derived from the Ancient Greek, Greek words (; 'container, vessel') and (; 'seed'), meaning that the seeds are enclosed with ...

s from the orchid family,

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family (biology), family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan plants that ...

. It is related to ''

Eulophia ''Eulophia'', commonly known as corduroy orchids, is a genus of about two hundred species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Most ''Eulophia'' orchids are terrestrial but some are deciduous while others are evergreen. They ei ...

'' and like that genus is mostly terrestrial in habit. A few species extend into very arid environments, unusual for an orchid. The genus contains about 40 known species, most of which are narrow endemics to parts of

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

with some widespread across much of

sub-Saharan Africa Sub-Saharan Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara. These include Central Africa, East Africa, Southern Africa, and West Africa. Geopolitically, in addition to the list of sovereign states and ...

and the islands of the

Indian Ocean The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, covering or approximately 20% of the water area of Earth#Surface, Earth's surface. It is bounded by Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia (continent), ...

. One species, '' O. maculata'', has become naturalized in

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

Central America Central America is a subregion of North America. Its political boundaries are defined as bordering Mexico to the north, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean to the east, and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest. Central America is usually ...

, the

West Indies The West Indies is an island subregion of the Americas, surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, which comprises 13 independent island country, island countries and 19 dependent territory, dependencies in thr ...

and

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

.Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
/ref> In

and several other places, ''O. maculata'' is considered an invasive weed.CABI Invasive Weeds Compendium, Oeceoclades maculata
/ref> The only consistent morphological character that does not show intermediate forms in either genus and can thus separate ''Oeceoclades'' from ''Eulophia'' is the presence of two fleshy ridges on the basal part of the labellum (the hypochile). The genus was resurrected by

Leslie Andrew Garay Leslie Andrew Garay (August 6, 1924 – August 19, 2016), born Garay László András, was an American botanist. He was the curator of the Oakes Ames (botanist), Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium at Harvard University, where he succeeded Charles Schweinf ...

and

Peter Taylor Peter Taylor may refer to: Arts * Peter Taylor (writer) (1917–1994), American author, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction * Peter Taylor (film editor) (1922–1997), English film editor, winner of an Academy Award for Film Editing Politic ...

in 1976 and since then has been affirmed as a

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

genus in

molecular phylogenetic Molecular phylogenetics () is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominantly in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships. From these analyses, it is possible to ...

studies.Bone, R. E., E. Sanz, and S. Buerki. 2014. The transfer of ''Eulophia beravensis'' Rchb.f. to ''Oeceoclades'' Lindl., a genus with its centre of diversity in Madagascar (Eulophiinae, Orchidaceae). ''Candollea'' 69(2): 201-205.

Species

Species accepted: *'' Oeceoclades alismatophylla'' (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades ambongensis'' (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades ambrensis'' (H.Perrier) Bosser & Morat *'' Oeceoclades analamerensis'' (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades analavelensis'' (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades angustifolia'' (Senghas) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades antsingyensis'' G.Gerlach *'' Oeceoclades atrovirens'' (Lindl.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades aurea'' Loubr. *'' Oeceoclades beravensis'' (Rchb.f.) R.Bone & Buerki *'' Oeceoclades boinensis'' (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades calcarata'' (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades callmanderi'' Bosser *'' Oeceoclades cordylinophylla'' (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades decaryana'' (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades flavescens'' Bosser & Morat *'' Oeceoclades furcata'' Bosser & Morat *'' Oeceoclades gracillima'' (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades hebdingiana'' (Guillaumin) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades humbertii'' (H.Perrier) Bosser & Morat *'' Oeceoclades lanceata'' (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades latifolia'' (Rolfe) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades lavergneae'' J.-B.Castillon *'' Oeceoclades lonchophylla'' (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades longebracteata'' Bosser & Morat *'' Oeceoclades lubbersiana'' (De Wild. & Laurent) Garay & P.Taylor *''

Oeceoclades maculata ''Oeceoclades maculata'', sometimes known as the monk orchid or African spotted orchid, is a terrestrial orchid species in the genus '' Oeceoclades'' that is native to tropical Africa and now naturalized in South and Central America, the Caribbea ...

'' (Lindl.) Lindl *'' Oeceoclades pandurata'' (Rolfe) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades perrieri'' (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades petiolata'' (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades peyrotii'' Bosser & Morat *'' Oeceoclades pulchra'' (Thouars) P.J.Cribb & M.A.Clem. *'' Oeceoclades quadriloba'' (Schltr.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades rauhii'' (Senghas) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades saundersiana'' (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades sclerophylla'' (Rchb.f.) Garay & P.Taylor *†'' Oeceoclades seychellarum'' (Rolfe ex Summerh.) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades spathulifera'' (H.Perrier) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades ugandae'' (Rolfe) Garay & P.Taylor *'' Oeceoclades versicolor'' (Frapp. ex Cordem.) J.-B.Castillon *'' Oeceoclades zanzibarica'' (Summerh.) Garay & P.Taylor

References

* (1832) Edwards's Botanical Register 18: sub t. 1522. * 2005. ''Handbuch der Orchideen-Namen. Dictionary of Orchid Names. Dizionario dei nomi delle orchidee''. Ulmer, Stuttgart

External links

* * {{Taxonbar, from=Q1304012 Eulophiinae genera

Species

See also

References

External links