Octopus Act

The Victorian Government's Act No. 821, the Railway Construction Act 1884, authorised the construction of 59 new railway lines in the colony, plus additional infrastructure.

Promoted by the Minister for Railways, Thomas Bent, and passed on 12 December 1884, it became notorious for the large number of railway lines it authorised, and was dubbed the "Octopus Act". It was accompanied by the Railway Loan Act, No. 760, which permitted the raising of a loan of £600,000 for construction of the various lines.

The act, "to authorize the Construction of certain Lines of Railway by the State and for other purposes", listed 51 "country lines", eight "suburban lines", four short connections and bridges, and two "railway or sidings", specifying 65 pieces of new infrastructure in total. It also provided for additional platforms, buildings, sidings, road approaches, drains, bridge widenings and modifications to existing infrastructure as necessary. It allowed for an average expenditure of £3,960 per mile for the country lines, and £14,294 per mile for the suburban lines.

The severe economic depression in the 1890s soon highlighted the fact that many of the lines were not viable.

Scheduled lines

Country lines

# Avoca and Ararat Railway
# Bacchus Marsh and Gordons Railway
# Bacchus Marsh Junction and New-port Railway
# Ballarat East and Buninyong Railway
# Ballarat Cattle Yards Branch Railway
# Ballarat Eacecourse and Springs Railway
# Birregurra and Cape Otway Forest Railway
# Camperdown and Curdie's River Railway
# Camperdown to Terand and Warrnambool Railway
# Coburg and Somerton Railway
# Creswick and Daylesford Railway
# Dandenong and Leongatha Railway
# Dimboola and South Australian Border Railway
# Fitzroy and Whittlesea Railway
# Frankston and Crib Point Railway 15A: Mornington Railway
# Frankston Cemetery Railway
# Hamilton and Coleraine Railway
# Heyfield and Bairns-dale Railway,
# Horsham and Natimuk Railway
# Inglewood and Dunolly Railway 20A. Kerang to Swan Hill
# Koroit and Belfast Railway
# Koroit Railway via Penshurst 22A. Hamilton and Penshurst Railway
# Koroit and Warrnambool Railway
# Kyneton and Redesdale Railway
# Lancefield and Kilmore Railway
# Leongatha and Port Albert Railway
# Lilydale and Healesville Railway (via Yarra Flats)
# Lubeck and Rupanyup Railway
# Maffra and Briagolong Railway
# Maldon and Laanecoorie Railway
# Moe and Narracan Railway
# Mount Moriac and Forest Railway
# Murchison and Rushworth Rail-way
# Murtoa and Warracknabeal Railway
# Myrtleford and Bright Railway
# Numurkah and Cobram Railway
# Numurkah and Nathalia Railway
# Ondit and Beeac Railway
# Ringwood and Ferntree Gully Railway
# Sale and Stratford Railway
# Scarsdale and Lintons Railway
# Shepparton and Dookie Railway
# St. James and Yarrawonga RAilway
# Tatura and Echuca Railway
# Terang and Mortlake Railway
# Wandong Heathcote and Sandhurst Railway
# Warragul and Neerim Railway
# Wedderburn Road and Wedderburn Railway
# Wodonga and Tallangatta Railway
# Yackandandah and Beechworth Railway
# Yea and Mansfield Railway; Alexandra Branch Railway

Suburban lines

Schedule numbers are as given.

* 52. Alphington and Heidelberg Railway
* 53. Brighton and Picnic Point Railway
* 54. Burnley to Junction with Outer Circle Railway
* 55. Fitzroy Branch Railway
* 56. Hawthorn and Kew Railway
* 57. Lal Lal Racecourse Railway
* 58. Outer Circle Railway, Oakleigh, via Camberwell to Richmond and Alphington Railway
* 59. Royal Park and Clifton Hill Railway

Additional infrastructure

Schedule numbers are as given, with authorised expenditure from Section 7 where given.

* 60. Murray-bridge (temporary) (£1,750)
* 61. Portland Pier
* 62. Murray-bridge (£25,000)
* 63. Flinders-street Viaduct (£73,000)
* 64. Windsor Siding
* 65. Ballarat siding

Section 4 provided for "Additional sidings etc. on existing lines".

Section 7 also authorised expenditure on the following works:

* 66. Duplication Hawthorn and Camberwell Line (£8,500)
* 67. Railway works (£800,000)
* Rolling-stock (£178,000) and permanent-way (£415,000)

Implementation

The task of implementing the act fell to Richard Speight, chief railway commissioner at the time, a role created by the Victorian Railways Commissioners Act of 1883.

Beneficiaries of the act included construction engineers such as Andrew O'Keefe and David Munro, and politicians, including Thomas Bent himself, who reaped the rewards of promoting or commissioning railway construction in their electorates.

Construction of the lines was complete by April 1890.

By 1892, amid the background of a worsening economic depression, outrage at the excesses of the construction boom, including a number of "white elephants", led to the sacking of Speight, as well as the other commissioners, Richard Ford and A.J. Agg. The Railways Act of 1892 attempted to reverse some of the damage.

See also

* Rail transport in Victoria

Sources

*{{Cite web, url=https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/onthisday/decade.cfm?d=1880, title=Victorian Parliamentary Chronology: 150 Years of Parliament in Victoria - the 1880s, url-status=dead, archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709134207/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/onthisday/decade.cfm?d=1880, archive-date=2009-07-09

External links

Victorian railway map of 1880Victorian railway map of 1890

Economic history of Victoria (state)
Rail transport in Victoria (state)
Victoria (state) legislation
1884 in Australia
1884 in law
1884 in British law
Railway legislation
History of rail transport in Australia
1884 in rail transport
1880s in Victoria (state)