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OPOJAZ (ОПОЯЗ) (, ''Obščestvo izučenija POètičeskogo JAZyka'', "Society for the Study of Poetic Language") was a prominent group of
linguists Linguistics is the scientific study of language. The areas of linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and equivalent gestures ...
and
literary critic A genre of arts criticism, literary criticism or literary studies is the study, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. Modern literary criticism is often influenced by literary theory, which is the philosophical analysis of literature' ...
s in
St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...
founded in 1916 and dissolved by the early 1930s. The group included
Viktor Shklovsky Viktor Borisovich Shklovsky ( rus, Ви́ктор Бори́сович Шкло́вский, p=ˈʂklofskʲɪj; – 6 December 1984) was a Russian and Soviet literary theorist, critic, writer, and pamphleteer. He is one of the major figures asso ...
, Boris Eikhenbaum,
Osip Brik Osip Maksimovich Brik (; – 22 February 1945) was a Russian avant garde writer and literary critic, who was one of the most important members of the Russian formalist school, though he also identified himself as one of the Futurists. Life ...
,
Boris Kušner Boris Anisimovich Kushner (Russian: Борис Анисимович Кушнер; 1888–1937) was a Russian poet, critic and political activist. He was a publicist for the Cubo-Futurists Futurists (also known as futurologists, prospectivists ...
and Yury Tynianov. Along with the Moscow linguistic circle it was responsible for the development of
Russian formalism Russian formalism was a school of literary theory in Russia from the 1910s to the 1930s. It includes the work of a number of highly influential Russian and Soviet scholars, such as Viktor Shklovsky, Yuri Tynianov, Vladimir Propp, Boris Eikhenbaum ...
and literary semiotics. It was dissolved under political pressure as "formalism" came to be a political term of opprobrium in the Soviet state.


Bibliography

* В. Б. Шкловский (Viktor Shklovsky):
Искусство как прием
' (in ) 1917 * Б. М. Эйхенбаум (Boris Eikhenbaum):

' (in ), 1919 * Б. М. Эйхенбаум (Boris Eikhenbaum):

' (in ), 1925 * О. Вальцель (Oscar Valzel):

' (in ) * Л. Д. Троцкий (
Leon Trotsky Lev Davidovich Bronstein ( – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky,; ; also transliterated ''Lyev'', ''Trotski'', ''Trockij'' and ''Trotzky'' was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet politician, and political theorist. He was a key figure ...
):
Формальная школа поэзии и марксизм
' (глава из книги «Литература и революция», 1923) (in ) Russian formalism Literary societies Schools of linguistics {{Russia-culture-stub