Nong Quanfu (, ; ?-1039), also recorded as Nùng Tồn Phúc (;

Chữ Hán ( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...

: ), was a Zhuang ( Nùng) chieftain and the founding emperor of the Kingdom of Changqi (長其國). He was originally a ''zhou''-level official of the

Northern Song dynasty The Song dynasty ( ) was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, endin ...

Guangyuan Guangyuan ( zh, s= , t=廣元 , p=Guǎngyuán , w=Kuang-yüan) is a prefecture-level city in Sichuan Province, China, bordering the provinces of Shaanxi to the northeast and Gansu to the northwest. Guangyuan City is located on the northern edge ...

(modern-day

Cao Bằng Cao Bằng () is a city in northern Vietnam. It is the capital and largest settlement of Cao Bằng Province. It is located on the bank of the Bằng Giang river, and is around away from the border with China's Guangxi region. According to the 2 ...

, Vietnam) in the 11th century AD. He was the father of

Nong Zhigao Nong Zhigao (; modern Zhuang language: ; ) (1025–1055?) was a Zhuang people, Zhuang (Nùng people, Nùng) chieftain and the only emperor of Dali (大曆; 1041), Nantian (南天; 1045–1052), and eventually Danan (大南; 1052–1053). Today ...

Biography

Nong Quanfu was a son of

Nong Minfu Nong Minfu (, Vietnamese: ''Nùng Dân Phú''; 970s) was a Tai-speaking Rau chieftain who ruled over an area in what is today's Sino-Vietnamese borderland. He could have been Nong Quanfu's father. He was probably the leader of a confederation of ...

, a local chieftain of

. Nong Minfu received the titles ''Minister of Works'' (司空) and ''grand master of splendid happiness bearing the golden pocket with purple trimming'' (金紫光祿大夫) from the Northern Song court, which he eventually passed on to his son, Nong Zhigao. Nong Quanfu was then granted the additional authority to rule Thang Do prefecture in the southeastern corner of the present-day Jingxi county, in Guangxi. His younger brother and brother-in-law controlled two other nearby prefectures. Quanfu's home prefecture was a great source of gold, which together with his domination over local trade route along the Bang river must have largely increased his wealth and political influence. Around 1020, Nong Quanfu married

A Nong A Nong (also A Nùng, zh, 阿儂; 1005–1055) was a Zhuang shamaness, matriarch and warrior. She was the mother of the warlord Nong Zhigao (1025–1055). Alongside her son, father, and husband, she led the Zhuang and Nùng minorities of the Si ...

, a shamaness and the daughter of a noted chieftain of the Nong clan. Later,

became his primary political advisor. Under

's instruction, Quanfu killed his brother who was a leader in the Cen (岑) clan and took his land.Jeffrey G. Barlow (1987:256) writes that Nong Quanfu first killed his own brother, then a leader of the Cen clan, and took their lands. Nung/Zhuang chieftains allocated lands to followers in a true feudal system, with some attributes of slave-holding practices. The amount of land controlled by a chieftain affected the number of men he could field, a powerful incentive to expansive warfare. The Nong clan eventually controlled 14 majors dongs, compared to 5 claimed by the Huang clan. Quanfu found the Kingdom of Changqi (長其國; alternatively known as "Kingdom of Changsheng" 長生國) and took for himself the

regnal name A regnal name, regnant name, or reign name is the name used by monarchs and popes during their reigns and subsequently, historically. Since ancient times, some monarchs have chosen to use a different name from their original name when they accede ...

"Emperor Zhaosheng" (昭聖皇帝). He gave his wife

the title "Empress Mingde" (明德皇后). Nong Quanfu then broke off all ties with the Lý dynasty, then during the reign of

Lý Thái Tông Lý Thái Tông (chữ Hán: 李太宗; 29 July 1000 – 3 November 1054), personal name Lý Phật Mã, posthumously temple name Thái Tông, was the second emperor of the Lý dynasty, ruled Đại Việt from 1028 to 1054. He was considere ...

, but was finally captured and executed by the Lý court in 1039.

Notes

References

Citations Works cited * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Nong, Quanfu 1039 deaths Zhuang people 11th-century Chinese people People from Cao Bằng province People executed by Vietnam by decapitation Year of birth unknown 11th-century Chinese monarchs Founders of Imperial Chinese dynasties Nùng people