''Nucella'',

common name In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism (also known as a vernacular name, English name, colloquial name, country name, popular name, or farmer's name) is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; and is often con ...

dog whelks or dog winkles, is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small to medium-sized

predatory Predation is a biological interaction in which one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey. It is one of a family of common feeding behaviours that includes parasitism and micropredation (which usually do not kill ...

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, marine

gastropod Gastropods (), commonly known as slugs and snails, belong to a large Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, freshwater, and fro ...

mollusk Mollusca is a phylum of protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum after Arthropoda. The ...

s in the subfamily

Ocenebrinae Ocenebrinae is a taxonomic subfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. This subfamily is within the large family Muricidae, which are commonly known as the murex and rock snails. In one other version of current gastropod taxon ...

which is part of the large family

Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as murex snails or rock snails. With over 1,700 living species, the Muricidae represent almost 10% of the Neog ...

, the murex snails or rock snails.

Description

(Described as ''Polytropa'') The

spire A spire is a tall, slender, pointed structure on top of a roof of a building or tower, especially at the summit of church steeples. A spire may have a square, circular, or polygonal plan, with a roughly conical or pyramidal shape. Spire ...

is acuminate. The

whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). In nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagra ...

s are foliated or tuberculose. The inner

lip The lips are a horizontal pair of soft appendages attached to the jaws and are the most visible part of the mouth of many animals, including humans. Mammal lips are soft, movable and serve to facilitate the ingestion of food (e.g. sucklin ...

is flattened. The

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water i ...

is small and oblique. The

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

is narrowed at the forepart. Adams, H. & Adams, A. (1853-1858). The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. London, van Voorst. Vol. 1: xl + 484 pp.; vol. 2: 661 pp.; vol. 3: 138 pls
/ref>

Species

Species in the genus ''Nucella'' include: * ''

Nucella angustior ''Nucella'', common name dog whelks or dog winkles, is a genus of small to medium-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Ocenebrinae which is part of the large family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. ...

'' Houart, Vermeij & Wiedrick, 2019 * † ''

Nucella bermejensis ''Nucella'', common name dog whelks or dog winkles, is a genus of small to medium-sized predatory sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Ocenebrinae which is part of the large family Muricidae, the murex snails or ...

'' Lozano-Francisco & Vera-Peláez, 2006 * ''

Nucella canaliculata ''Nucella canaliculata'', commonly known as the channeled dog winkle or the channeled purple, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. The shell grows to a maximum length of ...

'' (Duclos, 1832) - channeled dogwinkle *''

Nucella dubia ''Nucella dubia'', common name the common dogwhelk, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Description Distribution This marine species occurs off Namibia Namibi ...

'' (Krauss, 1848) - common dogwhelk * ''

Nucella emarginata ''Nucella emarginata'', common name the emarginate dogwinkle, is a species of medium-sized predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Description ''N. emarginata'' is a rocky inter ...

'' (Deshayes, 1839) - emarginate dogwinkle *'' Nucella freycinetii'' (Deshayes, 1839) *'' Nucella heyseana'' (Dunker, 1882) * ''

Nucella lamellosa ''Nucella lamellosa'', commonly known as the frilled dogwinkle or wrinkled purple whelk, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. This species occurs in the eastern Pacific O ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) - frilled dogwinkle * ''

Nucella lapillus ''Nucella'', common name dog whelks or dog winkles, is a genus of small to medium-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Ocenebrinae which is part of the large family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. ...

'' (

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

) - Atlantic dogwinkle,

dog whelk The dog whelk, dogwhelk, or Atlantic dogwinkle (''Nucella lapillus'') is a species of predatory sea snail, a carnivorous marine gastropod in the family Muricidae, the rock snails. ''Nucella lapillus'' was originally described by Carl Linnaeus i ...

* ''

Nucella lima ''Nucella lima'', commonly known as the File Dog Winkle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Distribution This species is distributed in the Pacific Ocean from the Arc ...

'' (Gmelin, 1791) - file dogwinkle *''

Nucella ostrina ''Nucella ostrina'', the northern striped dogwinkle, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Other common names for this mollusk include emarginate dogwinkle, short-spired p ...

'' (Gould, 1852) - striped dogwinkle *''

Nucella rolani ''Nucella rolani'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. ''N. rolani'' is believed to be a close relative or morphological variant of the other east Atlantic member of its ...

'' (Bogi & Nofroni, 1984) *''

Nucella squamosa ''Nucella squamosa'', common name the scaly dogwhelk, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. Description The scaly dogwhelk is a small brown whelk with many fine knobbly ...

'' (Lamarck, 1816) - scaly dogwhelk * ''

Nucella wahlbergi ''Nucella wahlbergi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae Muricidae is a large and varied taxonomic family of small to large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks, commonly known as mur ...

'' (Krauss, 1848) ; Species brought into synonymy : *''Nucella acuminata'' Carcelles, 1954 accepted as '' Acanthina unicornis'' (Bruguière, 1789) *''Nucella analoga'' (Forbes, 1852): synonym of ''

'' Duclos, 1832 * ''Nucella castanea'' (Küster, 1886): synonym of '' Orania castanea'' (Küster, 1886) *''Nucella cingulata'' (

, 1771): synonym of '' Trochia cingulata'' (

, 1771) * ''Nucella elongata'' Golikov & Kussakin, 1962: synonym of ''Nucella freycinetii'' (Deshayes, 1839) * '' Nucella fuscata'' (Forbes, 1850): synonym of ''Nucella emarginata'' (Deshayes, 1839) * ''Nucella heyseana'' var. ''elongata'' Golikov & Kussakin, 1962: synonym of ''Nucella heyseana'' (Dunker, 1882) * ''Nucella lindaniae'' Lorenz, 1991: synonym of ''Nucella wahlbergi'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Nucella pyramidalis'' (Turton, 1932): synonym of ''Nucella dubia'' (Krauss, 1848) * ''Nucella theobroma'' Roding, 1798: synonym of ''Nucella lapillus'' (

)

References

* Stewart, R. B. (1927). Gabb's California fossil type gastropods. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 78: 287–447, pls. 20–32. * Vaught, K.C. (1989). ''A classification of the living Mollusca''. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). . XII, 195 pp. * Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification''. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213 * Marko P. B. 2004. ‘What's larvae got to do with it?' Disparate patterns of post-glacial population structure in two benthic marine gastropods with identical dispersal potential. Molecular Ecology, 13: 597–611 * Chichvarkhin A.Y. & Chichvarkhina O.V. (2014). Systematics of the western Pacific "giant" dog-whelks referred to Nucella elongata, Nucella heyseana, and Nucella lamellosa (Muricidae, Gastropoda). Mollusks of the eastern Asia and adjacent seas, Abstracts of the conference, Vladivostok, 6-8 October 2014. 11-12

External links

Röding, P.F. (1798). Museum Boltenianum sive Catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturæ quæ olim collegerat Joa. Fried Bolten, M. D. p. d. per XL. annos proto physicus Hamburgensis. Pars secunda continens Conchylia sive Testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Trapp, Hamburg. viii, 199 pp.

Kool S.P. & Boss K.J. (1992). Nucella Röding, 1798 (Gastropoda: Muricidae): type species. The Nautilus. 106(1): 21-23

Kool S.P. 1993. The Systematic position of the genus Nucella.(Prosobranchia: Muricidae: Ocenebrinae). The Nautilus, 107(2): 43-57

Barco, A.; Herbert, G.; Houart, R.; Fassio, G. & Oliverio, M. (2017). A molecular phylogenetic framework for the subfamily Ocenebrinae (Gastropoda, Muricidae). Zoologica Scripta. 46 (3): 322-335.
* Ocenebrinae Gastropod genera {{Ocenebrinae-stub