Nothobranchius Ottoschmidti

''Nothobranchius'' is a genus of small, freshwater killifish, classified in either the family Nothobranchiidaevan der Laan, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fricke, R. (2014)
Family-group names of Recent fishes.
''Zootaxa, 3882 (2): 1–230.'' or a more inclusive AplocheilidaeCosta, W.J.E.M. (2016)
Comparative morphology and classification of South American cynopoeciline killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae), with notes on family-group names used for aplocheiloids.
''Vertebrate Zoology, 66 (2): 125-140.'' in the order Cyprinodontiformes. There are many species: as of 2018 there are more than 70 species, many with very small distributions. They are primarily native to East Africa from Sudan to northern South Africa, but half a dozen species are found in the upper Congo River Basin and two species ('' N. rubroreticulatus'' and '' N. thierryi'') are from west-central Africa; the greatest species richness is in Tanzania.

''Nothobranchius'' typically inhabit ephemeral pools that are filled only during the monsoon season, and show extreme life-history adaptations to survive the dry season. When their habitats dry up, the adult fish die and the eggs survive encased in the clay during the dry season. The embryos survive the dry season by entering diapause, facilitated by their specialized eggs that have a very hard chorion and are resistant to desiccation and hypoxia.Alexander Dorn, Zuzana Musilová, Matthias Platzer, Kathrin Reichwald and Alessandro Celler (2014
The strange case of East African annual fishes: aridification correlates with diversification for a savannah aquatic group?
''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 14:210. DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0210-3 These species reach maturity very quickly once diapause is broken and have a very short life span; one species, ''Nothobranchius furzeri'', reaches maturity in 17 days and seldom lives beyond 6 months.

Etymology

From Greek νοθοσ / ''nothos'': false, spurious, and βράγχια / ''bránchia'': gill.

Species

There are currently 76 recognized species in this genus:

* ''Nothobranchius albimarginatus'' Watters, Wildekamp & B. J. Cooper, 1998
* ''Nothobranchius annectens'' Watters, Wildekamp & B. J. Cooper, 1998
* ''Nothobranchius bellemansi'' Valdesalici, 2014Valdesalici, S. (2014): ''Nothobranchius bellemansi'' and ''Nothobranchius occultus'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) two new annual killifish from Sudan. ''Killi-Data Series, 2014: 4-19.''
* ''Nothobranchius bojiensis'' Wildekamp & R. Haas, 1992 (Boji Plains nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius boklundi'' Valdesalici, 2010
* ''Nothobranchius brieni'' Poll, 1938
* ''Nothobranchius capriviensis'' Watters, Wildekamp & Shidlovskiy, 2015 (Caprivi nothobranchius)Watters, B.R., Wildekamp, R.H. & Shidlovskiy, K.M. (2015): Description and biogeography of ''Nothobranchius capriviensis'', a new species of annual killifish from the Zambezi Region of Namibia (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). ''Journal of the American Killifish Association, 47 (4-6): 97-133.''
* ''Nothobranchius cardinalis'' Watters, B. J. Cooper & Wildekamp, 2008 (Cardinal nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius chochamandai'' Nagy, 2014Nagy, B. (2014): ''Nothobranchius chochamandai'', a new species of annual killifish from the Luapula drainage, Democratic Republic of Congo (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (2): 167-183.''
* ''Nothobranchius ditte'' Nagy, 2018
* ''Nothobranchius eggersi'' Seegers, 1982
* ''Nothobranchius elongatus'' Wildekamp, 1982 (Elongate nothobranchius)
*''Nothobranchius elucens''
* ''Nothobranchius fasciatus'' Wildekamp & R. Haas, 1992
* ''Nothobranchius flagrans'' Nagy, 2014 Nagy, B. (2014): ''Nothobranchius flagrans'', a new species of annual killifish from the Lufira drainage, Democratic Republic of Congo (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3): 259-276.''
* ''Nothobranchius flammicomantis'' Wildekamp, Watters & Sainthouse, 1998
* ''Nothobranchius foerschi'' Wildekamp & Berkenkamp, 1979
* ''Nothobranchius furzeri'' R. A. Jubb, 1971 (Turquoise killifish)
* ''Nothobranchius fuscotaeniatus'' Seegers, 1997
* ''Nothobranchius geminus'' Wildekamp, Watters & Sainthouse, 2002
* ''Nothobranchius guentheri'' (Pfeffer, 1893) (Red-tail nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius hassoni'' Valdesalici & Wildekamp, 2004
* ''Nothobranchius hengstleri'' Valdesalici, 2007
* ''Nothobranchius insularis'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2017Costa, W.J.E.M. (2017)
Redescription of ''Nothobranchius lucius'' and description of a new species from Mafia Island, eastern Tanzania (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae).
''Zoosystematics and Evolution, 93 (1): 35-44.''
* ''Nothobranchius interruptus'' Wildekamp & Berkenkamp, 1979 (Kikambala nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius ivanovae'' Valdesalici, 2012Valdesalici, S. (2012)
''Nothobranchius kardashevi'' and ''Nothobranchius ivanovae'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae): two new annual killifishes from the Katuma River drainage, western Tanzania.
''aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 18 (4): 191-198.''
* ''Nothobranchius janpapi'' Wildekamp, 1977
* ''Nothobranchius jubbi'' Wildekamp & Berkenkamp, 1979
* ''Nothobranchius kadleci'' Reichard, 2010
* ''Nothobranchius kafuensis'' Wildekamp & Rosenstock, 1989 (Kafue killifish)
* ''Nothobranchius kardashevi'' Valdesalici, 2012
* ''Nothobranchius kilomberoensis'' Wildekamp, Watters & Sainthouse, 2002
* ''Nothobranchius kirki'' R. A. Jubb, 1969 (Red-fin nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius korthausae'' Meinken, 1973
* ''Nothobranchius krammeri'' Valdesalici & Hengstler, 2008
* ''Nothobranchius krysanovi'' Shidlovskiy, Watters & Wildekamp, 2010
* ''Nothobranchius kuhntae'' ( Ahl, 1926) (Beira killifish)
* ''Nothobranchius kwalensis'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2019
* ''Nothobranchius lourensi'' Wildekamp, 1977
* ''Nothobranchius lucius'' Wildekamp, Shidlovskiy & Watters, 2009
* ''Nothobranchius luekei'' Seegers, 1984
* ''Nothobranchius makondorum'' Wildekamp, Shidlovskiy & Watters, 2009
* ''Nothobranchius malaissei'' Wildekamp, 1978
* ''Nothobranchius melanospilus'' (Pfeffer, 1896) (Black-spotted nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius microlepis'' (Vinciguerra, 1897) (Small-scaled nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius milvertzi'' Nagy, 2014Nagy, B. (2014): ''Nothobranchius milvertzi'', a new species of killifish from the Lushiba Marsh in the Lake Mweru drainage, Zambia (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (4): 347-360.''
* ''Nothobranchius neumanni'' ( Hilgendorf, 1905)
* ''Nothobranchius niassa'' Valdesalici, I. R. Bills, Dorn, Reichwald & Cellerino, 2012Valdesalici, S., Bills, R., Dorn, A., Reichwald, K. & Cellerino, A. (2012): ''Nothobranchius niassa'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae), a new species of annual killifish from northern Mozambique. ''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 19-28.''
* ''Nothobranchius nubaensis'' Valdesalici, Bellemans, Kardashev & Golubtsov, 2009
* ''Nothobranchius occultus'' Valdesalici, 2014
* ''Nothobranchius ocellatus'' (Seegers, 1985)
* ''Nothobranchius oestergaardi'' Valdesalici & G. Amato, 2011
* ''Nothobranchius orthonotus'' ( W. K. H. Peters, 1844) (Spotted killifish)
* ''Nothobranchius palmqvisti'' ( Lönnberg, 1907)
* ''Nothobranchius patrizii'' (Vinciguerra, 1927) (Blue nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius pienaari'' Shidlovskiy, Watters & Wildekamp, 2010
* ''Nothobranchius polli'' Wildekamp, 1978
* ''Nothobranchius prognathus'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2019
* ''Nothobranchius rachovii'' Ahl, 1926 (Blue-fin nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius robustus'' Ahl, 1935 (Red victoria nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius rosenstocki'' Valdesalici & Wildekamp, 2005
* ''Nothobranchius rubripinnis'' Seegers, 1986
* ''Nothobranchius rubroreticulatus'' Blache & Miton, 1960
* ''Nothobranchius ruudwildekampi'' W. J. E. M. Costa, 2009
* ''Nothobranchius sagittae'' Wildekamp, Watters & Shidlovskiy, 2014Wildekamp, R.H., Watters, B.R. & Shidlovskiy, K.M. (2014): Review of the ''Nothobranchius neumanni'' species group with descriptions of three new species from Tanzania (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). ''Journal of the American Killifish Association, 47 (1): 2-30.''
* ''Nothobranchius sainthousei'' Nagy, Cotterill & Bellstedt, 2016Nagy, B., Cotterill, F.P.D. & Bellstedt, D.U. (2016)
''Nothobranchius sainthousei'', a new species of annual killifish from the Luapula River drainage in northern Zambia (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes).
''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 27 (3): 233-254.''
* ''Nothobranchius seegersi'' Valdesalici & Kardashev, 2011
* ''Nothobranchius serengetiensis'' Wildekamp, Watters & Shidlovskiy, 2014
* ''Nothobranchius steinforti'' Wildekamp, 1977
* ''Nothobranchius streltsovi'' Valdesalici ( sv), 2016Valdesalici, S. (2016)
''Nothobranchius streltsovi'', a new species of annual killifish with two male colour morphs from the Malagarasi drainage, central Tanzania (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae).
''Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 27 (2): 153-161.''
* ''Nothobranchius symoensi'' Wildekamp, 1978
* ''Nothobranchius taeniopygus'' Hilgendorf, 1891 (Striped nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius taiti'' Nagy, 2019
* ''Nothobranchius torgashevi'' Valdesalici, 2015Valdesalici, S. (2015): ''Nothobranchius torgashevi'' (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) a new species of annual killifish with two male colour morphs from the Lake Eyasi Basin, Central Tanzania. ''Killi-Data Series, 2015: 17-30.''
* ''Nothobranchius ugandensis'' Wildekamp, 1994 (Uganda nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius usanguensis'' Wildekamp, Watters & Shidlovskiy, 2014
* ''Nothobranchius virgatus'' Chambers, 1984
* ''Nothobranchius vosseleri'' Ahl, 1924 (Pangani nothobranchius)
* ''Nothobranchius wattersi'' Ng'oma, Valdesalici, Reichwald & Cellerino, 2013Ng'oma, E., Valdesalici, S., Reichwald, K. & Cellerino, A. (2013): Genetic and morphological studies of ''Nothobranchius'' (Cyprinodontiformes) from Malawi with description of ''Nothobranchius wattersi'' sp. nov. ''Journal of Fish Biology, 82 (1): 165–188.''
* ''Nothobranchius willerti'' Wildekamp, 1992 (Mnanzini nothobranchius)

See also

*Nothobranchius sp. nov. 'Lake Victoria', Undescribed taxon

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q144094

Nothobranchiidae
Freshwater fish genera
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters