Northern Krai on:
[Wikipedia]
[Google]
[Amazon]
Northern Krai () was an administrative-territorial unit (''
In July 1930, the Okrugs were abolished. The Nenets Okrug became an autonomous unit, the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast remained intact, and the districts which were part of the four other Okrugs became directly subordinate to the krai government. By August 25, 1930, the krai consisted of
*Cities of Arkhangelsk and Vologda;
*Nenets National District (consisting of Bolshezemelsky, Kanino-Timansky, and Pustozersky districts);
*Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast ( Izhemsky, Priluzsky, Storozhevsky, Syktyvkarsky, Sysolsky, Troitsko-Pechorsky, Udorsky, Ust-Kulomsky, Ust-Usinsky, Ust-Tsylemsky, and Ust-Vymsky districts);
*Fifty districts of central subordination: Bereznikovsky, Chekuyevsky, Cherevkovsky, Chyobsarsky, Gryazovetsky, Kargopolsky, Karpogorsky, Kharovsky, Kholmogorsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Kokshengsky, Konoshsky, Kotlassky, Krasnoborsky, Kubeno-Ozersky, Lalsky, Ledengsky, Lensky, Leshukonsky, Mezensky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky, Nyandomsky, Onezhsky, Oparinsky, Pinezhsky, Plesetsky, Podosinovsky, Primorsky, Priozyorny, Rovdinsky, Roslyatinsky, Shenkursky, Shuysky, Sukhonsky, Sverdlovsky, Syamzhensky, Tolshmensky, Totemsky, Ust-Kubinsky, Ustyansky, Velikoustyuzhsky, Velsky, Verkhnetoyemsky, Verkhovazhsky, Vilegodsky, Vologodsky, Vokhomsky, Vozhegodsky, Yemetsky;
*Islands in the Arctic Ocean and Solovetsky Islands.
Between 1930 and 1935 there were constant changes in the district configuration, some districts were abolished, established, and renamed. On February 10, 1934, Novaya Zemlya, Vaygach, and a number of smaller islands in the Barents and Kara Seas were moved to the Nenets National Okrug. By 1936, the krai included 65 districts.
On March 5, 1936, Pechorsky Okrug which was a part of the Northern Krai was established. The Okrug included three districts, Izhemsky, Ust-Tsilemsky, and Ust-Usinsky, and a part of Troitsko-Pechorsky District. This was related due to the beginning of the
krai
A krai or kray (; , , ''kraya'') is one of the types of federal subjects of modern Russia, and was a type of geographical administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR.
Etymologically, the word is related to the verb "" ...
'') of the Russian SFSR
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...
from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the ...
. The krai was located in the north of European Russia, and its territory is currently divided between Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the ...
, Vologda
Vologda (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda (river), Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population:
The city serves as ...
, Kostroma, and Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast ( rus, Кировская область, p=ˈkʲirəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population ...
s, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug
The Nenets Autonomous Okrug (; ) also known as Nenetsia ( ) is a federal subject of Russia and an autonomous okrug of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Naryan-Mar. It has an area of and a population of 42,090 ...
, and the Komi Republic
The Komi Republic (; ), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia situated in the northeast of European Russia. Its capital city, capital is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Syktyvka ...
.
History
The krai was established on January 14, 1929 by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. The territory of the krai was formed from threegovernorate
A governorate or governate is an administrative division headed by a governor. As English-speaking nations tend to call regions administered by governors either states or provinces, the term ''governorate'' is typically used to calque divisions ...
s (Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the ...
, Vologda
Vologda (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda (river), Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population:
The city serves as ...
, and Northern Dvina
The Northern Dvina (, ; ) is a river in northern Russia flowing through Vologda Oblast and Arkhangelsk Oblast into the Dvina Bay of the White Sea. Along with the Pechora River to the east, it drains most of Northwest Russia into the Arctic O ...
) and the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast.
On July 15, 1929 the All-Russian Central Executive Committee issued a decree splitting Northern Krai (with the exception of the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast, which remain as a single unit with the seat in Ust-Sysolsk, and the islands of Vaygach, Kolguev, Matveyev, Novaya Zemlya
Novaya Zemlya (, also , ; , ; ), also spelled , is an archipelago in northern Russia. It is situated in the Arctic Ocean, in the extreme northeast of Europe, with Cape Flissingsky, on the northern island, considered the extreme points of Europe ...
, Solovetsky Islands, and Franz Josef Land) into five administrative districts ('' okrugs'')
* Arkhangelsk Okrug (with the seat located in Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the ...
;
* Nenets Okrug (with the borders and the seat to be defined);
* Northern Dvina Okrug ( Veliky Ustyug);
* Nyandoma Okrug ( Nyandoma);
* Vologda Okrug (Vologda
Vologda (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda (river), Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population:
The city serves as ...
).
Before the krai was established, the division of its constituent governorates mixed the old division inherited from the Russian Empire ( uyezds) with the new one (districts, or raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is c ...
s). The same decree established the division of the krai into districts. All ''okrugs'' and the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast were divided into districts, and the Arctic ocean islands remained subordinate to the Krai executive committee.
The following districts were established,
*In Arkhangelsk Okrug: Arkhangelsky (with the administrative center in Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the ...
), Bereznikovsky ( Bereznik), Chekuyevsky ( Chekuyevo), Karpogorsky ( Karpogory), Kholmogorsky ( Kholmogory), Leshukonsky (Leshukonskoye
Leshukonskoye () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality (a ''village#Russia, selo'') and the administrative center of Leshukonsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Vashka River. It also se ...
), Mezensky ( Mezen), Onezhsky ( Onega), Pinezhsky ( Pinega), Plesetsky (the settlement at the Plesetskaya railway station), Primorsky (Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the ...
), and Yemetsky ( Yemetsk).
*In Nenets Okrug: Kanino-Timansky ( Nizhnyaya Pesha), Nenetsky ( Khoseda-Khord).
*In Northern Dvina Okrug: Cherevkovsky ( Cherevkovo), Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky ( Kichmengsky Gorodok), Kotlassky (Kotlas
Kotlas () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Northern Dvina and Vychegda Rivers. Population:
Kotlas is the third-largest town of Arkhangelsk Oblast in terms of p ...
), Krasnoborsky ( Krasnoborsk), Lalsky ( Lalsk), Lensky ( Yarensk), Nikolsky ( Nikolsk), Oparinsky (settlement at the Oparino railway station), Podosinovsky ( Podosinovets), Roslyatinsky ( Roslyatino), Sukhonsky ( Gorodishchenskoye), Velikoustyugsky ( Veliky Ustyug), Verkhnetoyemsky ( Verkhnyaya Toyma), Vilegodsky ( Ilyinsko-Podomskoye), Vokhomsky ( Vokhma).
*In Nyandoma Okrug: Kargopolsky (Kargopol
Kargopol () is a town and the administrative center of Kargopolsky District in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located on both sides of the Onega River, several miles north of Lake Lacha, in the southwestern corner of the oblast. Population:
...
), Konoshsky (settlement at the Konosha railway station), Nyandomsky ( Nyandoma), Priozyorny ( Konyovo), Rovdinsky ( Rovdino), Shenkursky ( Shenkursk), Ustyansky ( Shangaly), Velsky ( Velsk), Verkhovazhsky ( Verkhovazhye).
*In Vologda Okrug: Chyobsarsky (settlement at the Chyobsara railway station), Gryazovetsky ( Gryazovets), Kharovsky (settlement at the Kharovskaya railway station), Kokshengsky ( Tarnogsky Gorodok), Kubeno-Ozyorsky ( Kubenskoye), Ledengsky ( Ledengskoye), Shuysky
The House of Shuysky (Shuisky; ) was a Russian family of boyars and tsars, a cadet branch of the Rurikids.
The surname is derived from the town of Shuya, of which the Shuiskys gained ownership in 1403. From 1606 to 1610, Vasili Shuisky ...
( Svyatogorye), Sverdlovsky ( Sokol), Syamzhensky ( Yarygino), Tolshmensky ( Ust-Tolshma), Totemsky ( Totma), Ust-Kubensky ( Ustye), Vologodsky (Vologda
Vologda (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda (river), Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population:
The city serves as ...
), Vozhegodsky (settlement at the Vozhega railway station).
*In the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast: Izhmo-Pechorsky ( Izhma), Priluzsky ( Obyachevo), Storozhevsky ( Storozhevsk), Sysolsky ( Vizinga), Udorsky ( Koslanskoe), Ust-Kulomsky ( Ust-Kulom), Ust-Sysolsky ( Ust-Sysolsk), Ust-Tsylemsky ( Ust-Tsylma), Ust-Vymsky ( Ustvymskoye).
In July 1930, the Okrugs were abolished. The Nenets Okrug became an autonomous unit, the Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast remained intact, and the districts which were part of the four other Okrugs became directly subordinate to the krai government. By August 25, 1930, the krai consisted of
*Cities of Arkhangelsk and Vologda;
*Nenets National District (consisting of Bolshezemelsky, Kanino-Timansky, and Pustozersky districts);
*Komi-Zyryan Autonomous Oblast ( Izhemsky, Priluzsky, Storozhevsky, Syktyvkarsky, Sysolsky, Troitsko-Pechorsky, Udorsky, Ust-Kulomsky, Ust-Usinsky, Ust-Tsylemsky, and Ust-Vymsky districts);
*Fifty districts of central subordination: Bereznikovsky, Chekuyevsky, Cherevkovsky, Chyobsarsky, Gryazovetsky, Kargopolsky, Karpogorsky, Kharovsky, Kholmogorsky, Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky, Kokshengsky, Konoshsky, Kotlassky, Krasnoborsky, Kubeno-Ozersky, Lalsky, Ledengsky, Lensky, Leshukonsky, Mezensky, Nikolsky, Nyuksensky, Nyandomsky, Onezhsky, Oparinsky, Pinezhsky, Plesetsky, Podosinovsky, Primorsky, Priozyorny, Rovdinsky, Roslyatinsky, Shenkursky, Shuysky, Sukhonsky, Sverdlovsky, Syamzhensky, Tolshmensky, Totemsky, Ust-Kubinsky, Ustyansky, Velikoustyuzhsky, Velsky, Verkhnetoyemsky, Verkhovazhsky, Vilegodsky, Vologodsky, Vokhomsky, Vozhegodsky, Yemetsky;
*Islands in the Arctic Ocean and Solovetsky Islands.
Between 1930 and 1935 there were constant changes in the district configuration, some districts were abolished, established, and renamed. On February 10, 1934, Novaya Zemlya, Vaygach, and a number of smaller islands in the Barents and Kara Seas were moved to the Nenets National Okrug. By 1936, the krai included 65 districts.
On March 5, 1936, Pechorsky Okrug which was a part of the Northern Krai was established. The Okrug included three districts, Izhemsky, Ust-Tsilemsky, and Ust-Usinsky, and a part of Troitsko-Pechorsky District. This was related due to the beginning of the coal mining
Coal mining is the process of resource extraction, extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its Energy value of coal, energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to Electricity generation, generate electr ...
in the north of what is now the Komi Republic
The Komi Republic (; ), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia situated in the northeast of European Russia. Its capital city, capital is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Syktyvka ...
.
According to the 1936 Soviet Constitution
The 1936 Constitution of the Soviet Union, also known as the Stalin Constitution, was the constitution of the Soviet Union adopted on 5 December 1936.
The 1936 Constitution was the second constitution of the Soviet Union and replaced the 1924 ...
, Northern Krai was abolished, and its territory was divided between newly established Northern Oblast and Komi Republic
The Komi Republic (; ), sometimes simply referred to as Komi, is a republics of Russia, republic of Russia situated in the northeast of European Russia. Its capital city, capital is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Syktyvka ...
. Northern Oblast included 54 districts and was in 1937 split into Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the ...
and Vologda
Vologda (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda (river), Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population:
The city serves as ...
Oblasts. Three of the districts of Northern Krai, Lalsky, Oparinsky, and Podosinovsky, as the result of some later administrative changes, ended up in Kirov Oblast
Kirov Oblast ( rus, Кировская область, p=ˈkʲirəfskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in Eastern Europe. Its administrative center is the city of Kirov. As of the 2010 census, the population ...
. Pavinsky and Vokhomsky District were later transferred into Kostroma Oblast
Kostroma Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Kostroma and its population as of the Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census i ...
.
References
External links
* {{Use mdy dates, date=October 2012 1929 establishments in Russia 1936 disestablishments in the Soviet Union Former administrative units of Russia