The đồng (
Chữ Nôm
Chữ Nôm (, ) is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language. It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters ...
: 銅;
Chữ Hán
( , ) are the Chinese characters that were used to write Literary Chinese in Vietnam, Literary Chinese (; ) and Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary in Vietnamese language, Vietnamese. They were officially used in Vietnam after the Red River Delta region ...
: 元, ''nguyên'') (; ) was the
currency
A currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, for example banknotes and coins. A more general definition is that a currency is a ''system of money'' in common use within a specific envi ...
of
North Vietnam
North Vietnam, officially the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV; ; VNDCCH), was a country in Southeast Asia from 1945 to 1976, with sovereignty fully recognized in 1954 Geneva Conference, 1954. A member of the communist Eastern Bloc, it o ...
from 3 November 1946 to 2 May 1978. It was subdivided into 10 ''hào'', each itself divided into 10 ''xu''.
History
The first
đồng issued by the communists controlling northern Vietnam was introduced on January 31, 1946, and replaced the
French Indochinese piastre
The piastre de commerce ("trade piastre") was the currency of French Indochina between 1887 and 1954. It was first used in 1885. It was subdivided into 100 ''cents'', each of 2~6 '' sapèques''.
The name '' piastre'' (), from Spanish pieces o ...
at par. Two revaluations followed. In 1951, the second đồng was introduced at a rate of 1 1951 đồng = 100 1946 đồng. However, some sources say there were two consecutive revaluations in 1951 and 1953, each with factor of 10. In 1954, this became the currency of the newly recognized state of North Vietnam, with an exchange rate to the still circulating piastre and
South Vietnamese đồng
The đồng (銅), also called the piastre, was the currency of South Vietnam from 1953 to 2 May 1978. It was subdivided into 100 ''xu'', also written ''su''.
First đồng, 1953 to 1975
History
In 1953, the Vietnam branch of the Institut d'É ...
of 32 northern đồng = 1 piastre or southern đồng. In 1956, the đồng was
pegged to the
Chinese renminbi yuan at a rate of 1.47 đồng = 1 yuan.
On 28 February 1959, another đồng replaced the second at a rate of 1 1959 đồng = 1000 1951 đồng. An exchange rate with the
Soviet rouble
The ruble or rouble (; rus, рубль, r=rubl', p=rublʲ) was the currency of the Soviet Union. It was introduced in 1922 and replaced the Russian ruble#Imperial ruble (1704-1922), Imperial Russian ruble. One ruble was divided into 100 kopecks ...
was established in 1961, with 3.27 đồng = 1 rouble. On May 3, 1978, following the unification of Vietnam, the đồng was also unified. 1 new
đồng = 1 northern đồng = 0.8
southern "liberation" đồng.
Coins
1946 đồng
In 1946, aluminium 20 xu, 5 hào and 1 đồng and bronze 2 đồng were issued, with the 20 xu coins dated 1945. These were the only coins issued for this currency, with no coins at all issued for the 1951 đồng.
1958 đồng
In 1958, holed, aluminium coins in denominations of 1, 2 and 5 xu were introduced. These were the only coins issued in this currency.
Banknotes
1946 đồng
The government (''Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa'') issued two forms of paper money for this currency, "Vietnamese banknotes" (''Giấy Bạc Việt Nam'') and "Credit notes" (''Tín Phiếu''). In 1946, banknotes were introduced in denominations of 20 and 50 xu, 1, 5, 20, 50, 100 đồng, together with credit notes for 1 đồng. These were followed in 1948 by banknotes for 10 đồng and credit notes for 20 đồng, in 1949 by 500 đồng banknotes and 5 and 50 đồng credit notes, and in 1950 by 200 đồng banknotes and 100, 500 and 1000 đồng credit notes.
1951 đồng
In 1951, the National Bank of Vietnam (''Ngân hàng quốc gia Việt Nam'') introduced notes for 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 đồng, with 5000 đồng notes added in 1953. These were the only circulating currency between 1951 and 1958.
1959 đồng
In 1958, the National Bank introduced notes for 1 xu, 1, 2 and 5 hào, 1, 2, 5 and 10 đồng, with the 1 xu notes an overprint on an earlier, unissued type of 10 đồng note. In 1964, the State Bank of Vietnam (''Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam'') introduced 2 xu notes, followed by 5 xu, 1 and 2 hào in 1975.
See also
*
South Vietnamese đồng
The đồng (銅), also called the piastre, was the currency of South Vietnam from 1953 to 2 May 1978. It was subdivided into 100 ''xu'', also written ''su''.
First đồng, 1953 to 1975
History
In 1953, the Vietnam branch of the Institut d'É ...
*
Economy of Vietnam
The economy of Vietnam is a developing economy, developing Mixed economy, mixed socialist-oriented market economy. It is the List of countries by GDP (nominal), 33rd-largest economy in the world by nominal gross domestic product (GDP) and the L ...
Gallery
Image:Vietnam 10 Dong 1951 Averse.jpg, 10 Dong (1951), obverse
Image:Vietnam 10 Dong 1951 Reverse.jpg, 10 Dong (1951), reverse
Image:Vietnam 500 Dong 1951 Averse.jpg, 500 Dong (1951), obverse
Image:Vietnam 500 Dong 1951 Reverse.jpg, 500 Dong (1951), reverse
Image:Vietnam 1000 Dong 1951 Averse.jpg, 1000 Dong (1951), obverse
Image:Vietnam 1000 Dong 1951 Reverse.jpg, 1000 Dong (1951), reverse
Image:Vietnam 1 Dong 1958 Averse.jpg, 1 Dong (1958), obverse
Image:Vietnam 1 Dong 1958 Reverse.jpg, 1 Dong (1958), reverse
Image:Vietnam 10 Dong 1958 Averse.jpg, 10 Dong (1958), obverse
Image:Vietnam 10 Dong 1958 Reverse.jpg, 10 Dong (1958), reverse
Notes
References
* Howard A. Daniel, III (1995) Democratic Republic of Vietnam Coins and Currency.
*
*
External links
Collection Banknotes of Vietnam and the WorldCoins and Banknotes of Vietnam and French Indochina
{{DEFAULTSORT:North Vietnamese đồng
Currencies of Vietnam
Modern obsolete currencies
Currency symbols
Dong, North Vietnamese
1946 establishments in Vietnam
1978 disestablishments
Đồng