The Norrard (Northern) Rocks are a group of small uninhabited granite rocks in the north-western part of the

Isles of Scilly The Isles of Scilly ( ; ) are a small archipelago off the southwestern tip of Cornwall, England. One of the islands, St Agnes, Isles of Scilly, St Agnes, is over farther south than the most southerly point of the Great Britain, British mainla ...

, to the west of

Bryher Bryher () is one of the smallest inhabited islands of the Isles of Scilly, with a population of 84 in 2011, spread across . Bryher exhibits a procession of prominent hills connected by low-lying necks and sandy bars. Landmarks include Hell Bay, ...

and

Samson SAMSON (Software for Adaptive Modeling and Simulation Of Nanosystems) is a computer software platform for molecular design being developed bOneAngstromand previously by the NANO-D group at the French Institute for Research in Computer Science an ...

. In 1971 they were designated as a

Site of Special Scientific Interest A Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in Great Britain, or an Area of Special Scientific Interest (ASSI) in the Isle of Man and Northern Ireland, is a conservation designation denoting a protected area in the United Kingdom and Isle ...

(SSSI) for their breeding seabird colonies and they are permanently closed to landings from boat passengers. The vegetation on the islands is limited by the extreme exposure and only six species of flowering plants have been recorded.

Nature reserve

The islands are largely managed as

nature reserves A nature reserve (also known as a wildlife refuge, wildlife sanctuary, biosphere reserve or bioreserve, natural or nature preserve, or nature conservation area) is a protected area of importance for flora, fauna, funga, or features of geolog ...

by the

Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust The Isles of Scilly Wildlife Trust, formed in 1985, is a Wildlife Trust covering the Isles of Scilly, a group of islands off the coast of Cornwall. It became the 46th member of The Wildlife Trusts in 2001 and is dedicated to ensuring that the a ...

, principally for breeding seabirds and grey seals (''

Halichoerus grypus The grey seal (''Halichoerus grypus'') is a large seal of the family Phocidae, which are commonly referred to as "true seals" or "earless seals". The only species classified in the genus ''Halichoerus'', it is found on both shores of the Nort ...

''). The only breeding sites for European storm-petrel in England are on the Isles of Scilly with eleven colonies and an estimated 1475 occupied sites (i.e. breeding pairs). There are only three small breeding colonies on the Norrard Rocks; Mincarlo, Illiswilgig and Castle Bryher with a total of 37 pairs. Other seabirds breeding within the SSSI are fulmar ('' Fulmarus glacialis''), guillemot (''

Uria aalge The common murre or common guillemot (''Uria aalge'') is a large auk. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring in low-Arctic and boreal waters in the North Atlantic and North Pacific. It spends most of its time at sea, only coming to land to ...

''), lesser black-backed gull (''

Larus fuscus The lesser black-backed gull (''Larus fuscus'') is a large gull that breeds on the Atlantic coasts of Europe. It is migratory, wintering from the British Isles south to West Africa. However, it has increased dramatically in North America, especi ...

'') and herring gull ('' L argentatus''). The

rove beetle The rove beetles are a family (biology), family (Staphylinidae) of beetles, primarily distinguished by their short elytra (wing covers) that typically leave more than half of their abdominal segments exposed. With over 66,000 species in thousand ...

('' Omalium allardi'') has been recorded on several of the islands.

Individual islands and rocks

The islands and rocks are listed below in decreasing order of area.

Gweal

() () and high. Gweal is a small rocky island consisting of two hills linked by a boulder beach, just off the west coast of Bryher and is an occasional pupping site for grey seals. Plants recorded are sea beet ('' Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima''), rock sea-spurrey (''

Spergularia rupicola ''Spergularia rupicola'' is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to Western Europe. References rupicola ''Rupicola'' was a small genus of flowering plants in the family Ericaceae. The speci ...

''), common scurvygrass (''

Cochlearia officinalis ''Cochlearia officinalis'', common scurvygrass, scurvy-grass, or spoonwort, is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae. The plant acquired its common name from the observation that it cured scurvy. Description ''Cochlearia offic ...

''), thrift (''

Armeria maritima ''Armeria maritima'', the thrift, sea thrift or sea pink, is a species of flowering plant in the family Plumbaginaceae. It is a compact evergreen perennial which grows in low clumps and sends up long stems that support globes of bright pink flow ...

'') and tree mallow (''

Lavatera arborea ''Malva arborea'' (previously known as ''Lavatera arborea'', or, more recently as ''Malva eriocalyx''), the tree mallow, is a species of mallow native to the coasts of western Europe and the Mediterranean region, from Ireland and Britain south t ...

''). Twenty-three cattle were salvaged from the ''Sussex'', which was wrecked on Seal Rock, were landed on Gweal in 1885.

Scilly Rock

() Scilly Rock () is just over west of Bryher is a large rock, divided by a deep chasm into two parts with a maximum height of . Each part has a summit named North Cuckoo and South Cuckoo. Landing is difficult and only possible in calm conditions. It is reputedly the island from which the rest of the archipelago gets its name because it was the first part to become separate from the original main island. fr. Puffin (''

Fratercula arctica The Atlantic puffin ('), also known as the common puffin, is a species of seabird in the auk family. It is the only puffin native to the Atlantic Ocean; two related species, the tufted puffin and the horned puffin being found in the northeast ...

'') breed and the only plants recorded are rock sea-spurrey and oraches (''

Atriplex ''Atriplex'' () is a plant genus of about 250 species, known by the common names of saltbush and orache (; also spelled orach). It belongs to the subfamily Chenopodioideae of the family Amaranthaceae ''s.l.''. The genus is quite variable and ...

'') species.

Mincarlo

() () Mincarlo is the southernmost of the group west of Samson. Several species nest on the island including the largest breeding colony of cormorant (''

Phalacrocorax carbo The great cormorant (''Phalacrocorax carbo''), also known as just cormorant in Britain, as black shag or kawau in New Zealand, formerly also known as the great black cormorant across the Northern Hemisphere, the black cormorant in Australia, and ...

'') in the Isles of Scilly as well as puffin, great black-backed gull (''

Larus marinus The great black-backed gull (''Larus marinus'') is the largest member of the gull family. It is a very aggressive hunter, pirate, and scavenger which breeds on the coasts and islands of the North Atlantic in northern Europe and northeastern Nort ...

''), razorbill (''

Alca torda The razorbill (''Alca torda'') is a North Atlantic colonial seabird and the only extant member of the genus '' Alca'' of the family Alcidae, the auks. It is the closest living relative of the extinct great auk (''Pinguinus impennis''). Historic ...

'') and common shag ('' Gulosus aristotelis''). The breeding colony of European storm-petrel ('' Hydrobates pelagicus'') occupied 17 sites during the Seabird 2000 survey. Tree mallow, orache, common scurveygrass, rock sea-spurrey and sea beet have all been recorded. The rocks are a main pupping site for grey seal (''

''). The

Arachnologist Arachnology is the scientific study of arachnids, which comprise spiders and related invertebrates such as scorpions, pseudoscorpions, harvestmen, ticks, and mites. Those who study spiders and other arachnids are arachnologists. More narrowly ...

, W S Bristow visited the Isles of Scilly in 1928, 1929 and 1934 and landed on many of the uninhabited islands. On Mincarlo he recorded the following

spiders Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species di ...

; ''Trochosa terricola'', ''Oedothorax fuscus'', ''

Lepthyphantes tenuis ''Lepthyphantes'' is a genus of dwarf spiders that was first described by Anton Menge in 1866. Species it contains 161 species and two subspecies, found in Albania, Algeria, Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Comoros, Middle Afri ...

'', ''Dismodicus bifrons'', ''Xysticus kochi'' and ''Halorates reprobus'' which is associated with the nests of seabirds, especially cormorant and shag.

Illiswilgig

() () Several species have bred on Illiswilgig, including a small colony of only three pairs of European storm-petrel, recorded during the Seascape 2000 survey. Plants recorded are tree mallow, thrift, sea beet, rock sea-spurrey, common scurvy grass, orache and English stonecrop ('' Sedum anglicum''). Illiswilgig is a main pupping and haul-out site for grey seal.

Maiden Bower

() () Only a few gulls breed on Maiden Bower and no plants have been recorded.

Castle Bryher

() () and The Seabird 2000 survey recorded 17 occupied sites of European storm-petrel. Puffin and gulls also breed on the island and plants recorded are tree mallow, sea beet, rock sea-spurrey, common scurvygrass and orache.

Seal Rock

() An important breeding and haul out site for grey seal and orache is the only plant recorded.

References

External links

{{SSSIs Cornwall biological Uninhabited islands of the Isles of Scilly Sites of Special Scientific Interest in the Isles of Scilly Sites of Special Scientific Interest notified in 1971