Norman Redlich
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Norman Redlich (November 12, 1925 – June 10, 2011) was an American
lawyer A lawyer is a person who is qualified to offer advice about the law, draft legal documents, or represent individuals in legal matters. The exact nature of a lawyer's work varies depending on the legal jurisdiction and the legal system, as w ...
and academic. As a lawyer he is best remembered for his pioneering work in establishing a system of ''pro bono'' defense for inmates in New York State who did not have the finances for a lawyer. He was also a staff member of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission. He played an instrumental role in developing the
single bullet theory The single-bullet theory, also known as the magic-bullet theory, was introduced by the Warren Commission in its investigation of the Assassination of John F. Kennedy, assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy to explain what happened to t ...
.


Background

Norman Redlich was born on November 12, 1925, in the
Bronx The Bronx ( ) is the northernmost of the five Boroughs of New York City, boroughs of New York City, coextensive with Bronx County, in the U.S. state of New York (state), New York. It shares a land border with Westchester County, New York, West ...
, the second and youngest child of Pauline and Milton Redlich. His parents were
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
, and they owned a small company which manufactured gardening and plumbing equipment. He served in the
United States Army The United States Army (USA) is the primary Land warfare, land service branch of the United States Department of Defense. It is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution.Article II, section 2, clause 1 of th ...
during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
; after which he earned his B.A. degree from
Williams College Williams College is a Private college, private liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States. It was established as a men's college in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim ...
in 1947, and his
L.L.B. A Bachelor of Laws (; LLB) is an undergraduate law degree offered in most common law countries as the primary law degree and serves as the first professional qualification for legal practitioners. This degree requires the study of core legal subje ...
degree from
Yale Law School Yale Law School (YLS) is the law school of Yale University, a Private university, private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was established in 1824. The 2020–21 acceptance rate was 4%, the lowest of any law school in the United ...
in 1950.


Career

Redlich wrote for ''
The Nation ''The Nation'' is a progressive American monthly magazine that covers political and cultural news, opinion, and analysis. It was founded on July 6, 1865, as a successor to William Lloyd Garrison's '' The Liberator'', an abolitionist newspaper ...
'' magazine in the late 1940s and into the 1950s. Early coverage included people like
Elizabeth Bentley Elizabeth Terrill Bentley (January 1, 1908 – December 3, 1963) was an American NKVD spymaster, who was recruited from within the Communist Party USA (CPUSA). She served the Soviet Union as the primary handler of multiple highly placed moles ...
. He then worked for his parents' company for most of the 1950s while simultaneously pursuing further graduate work at
New York University New York University (NYU) is a private university, private research university in New York City, New York, United States. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded in 1832 by Albert Gallatin as a Nondenominational ...
. He received his LLM from the NYU law school in 1955. He joined the faculty at NYU in 1960.


Warren Commission Years

In 1963, J. Lee Rankin appointed Redlich as a special assistant on the
Warren Commission The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established by President of the United States, President Lyndon B. Johnson through on November 29, 1963, to investigate the A ...
. He was credited with disproving the
Belin Theory Belin may refer to: People *Belinus, called "the Great", a legendary 4th-century BC king of the Britons * Albert Belin, French bishop and writer * Augusto Belin, Argentinian writer and diplomat * Bruno Belin, Croatian footballer * Chuck Belin, A ...
, which related to a
city bus A transit bus (also big bus, commuter bus, city bus, town bus, urban bus, stage bus, public bus, public transit bus, or simply bus) is a type of bus used in public transport bus services. Several configurations are used, including low-fl ...
ticket Ticket or tickets may refer to: Slips of paper * Lottery ticket * Parking ticket, a ticket confirming that the parking fee was paid (and the time of the parking start) * Toll ticket, a slip of paper used to indicate where vehicles entered a to ...
in
Lee Harvey Oswald Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was a U.S. Marine veteran who assassinated John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of the United States, on November 22, 1963. Oswald was placed in juvenile detention at age 12 for truan ...
's pocket helping him escape to
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
. However, controversy arose when a probe into Redlich's past and found that he was on the
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee The National Emergency Civil Liberties Committee (NECLC), until 1968 known as the Emergency Civil Liberties Committee, was an organization formed in the United States in October 1951 by 150 educators and clergymen to advocate for the civil libertie ...
, which defended very controversial cases, including those of political activists and communists that the
ACLU The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is an American nonprofit civil rights organization founded in 1920. ACLU affiliates are active in all 50 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. The budget of the ACLU in 2024 was $383 million. ...
and other rights group did not. Following a leak to right-wing politicians, on May 5, 1964, Ralph F. Beermann accused Redlich of defending
Cuba Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the ...
on various issues. This incident and the ECLC ties led many to consider Redlich a communist sympathizer.


Later years

In 1960, Redlich joined the faculty of the
New York University School of Law The New York University School of Law (NYU Law) is the law school of New York University, a private research university in New York City. Established in 1835, it was the first law school established in New York City and is the oldest survivin ...
. In 1972, he was named as
Corporation Counsel The corporation counsel is the title given to the chief legal officer who handles civil claims against the city in some U.S. municipal and county jurisdictions, including negotiating settlements and defending the city when it is sued. Most corp ...
of
New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
by then-mayor
John Lindsay John Vliet Lindsay (; November 24, 1921 – December 19, 2000) was an American politician and lawyer. During his political career, Lindsay was a U.S. congressman, the mayor of New York City, and a candidate for U.S. president. He was also a regu ...
. In 1975, Redlich became dean of the NYU School of Law, a position he held until 1988. From 1977 to 1999, Redlich was a member of the
Vermont Law School Vermont Law and Graduate School (VLGS) is a private law and public policy graduate school in South Royalton, Vermont. It is the only ABA-accredited law school in the state. It offers several degrees, including Juris Doctor (JD), Master of Law ...
board of trustees. In 1993, he received the highest award given to lawyers by the
Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law The Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, or simply the Lawyers' Committee, is an American civil rights organization founded in 1963 at the request of President John F. Kennedy. When the Lawyers' Committee was created, its existence w ...
, the
Whitney North Seymour Award Whitney or Whittney may refer to: Film and television * ''Whitney'' (2015 film), a Whitney Houston biopic starring Yaya DaCosta * ''Whitney'' (2018 film), a documentary about Whitney Houston * ''Whitney'' (TV series), an American sitcom that ...
. In 1996, he was awarded the Robert J. Kutak Award, given annually by the American Bar association's educational department; the award was given to those who the ABAS felt had made outstanding contributions in the field of legal education. Redlich was chairman of the
American Jewish Congress The American Jewish Congress (AJCongress) is an association of American Jews organized to defend Jewish interests in the US and internationally through public policy advocacy, using diplomacy, legislation, and the courts. History The idea for a ...
national governing council. He was also a member of the executive committee of the
NAACP The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is an American civil rights organization formed in 1909 as an interracial endeavor to advance justice for African Americans by a group including W. E. B. Du&nbs ...
Legal Defense and Education Fund, and a member of the board of directors of The New Press.


Personal life

Redlich was married to Evelyn Grobow, a pediatrician; they had three children, Carrie Redlich, Bonny Redlich, and
Ed Redlich Ed Redlich is an American television producer and writer. He was the executive producer for ''Without a Trace'', for which he wrote 5 episodes, as well as the executive producer for ''Shark'' starring James Woods. He created the television serie ...
. Ed Redlich became a TV producer/writer, and Carrie A. Redlich became a professor of medicine at Yale University's School of Medicine and acting director of the Yale Occupational and Environmental Medicine Program. During his NYU years, Redlich helped to preserve
Washington Square Park Washington Square Park is a public park in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan, New York City. It is an icon as well as a meeting place and center for cultural activity. The park is operated by the New York City Department o ...
. Redlich died on June 10, 2011.


Works

Redlich's works include three books: * ''Professional Responsibility: a Problem Approach'' (1976; Little, Brown) * ''Constitutional Law'' (with John Attanasio and Joel K. Goldstein) * ''Understanding Constitutional Law'' (with Joel K. Goldstein) * ''Standards of Professional Conduct for Lawyers and Judges'' (Little Brown & Co, January 1, 1984, ISBN 0316736589) Articles he wrote include: * "Spies in Government: The Bentley Story," ''The Nation'' (January 30, 1954) * "Is the Wall Crumbling?" ''The Nation'' (September 25, 2000) * "The 'Checkers' Speech: A Handbook for Demagogues," ''The Nation'' (April 23, 2009)


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Redlich, Norman 1925 births 2011 deaths Jewish American military personnel Warren Commission counsel and staff Williams College alumni Yale Law School alumni Lawyers from the Bronx Deans of New York University School of Law United States Army personnel of World War II 21st-century American Jews