Nora Stanton Blatch Barney
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Nora Stanton Barney ( Blatch; 30 September 1883 – 18 January 1971) was an English-born American
civil engineer A civil engineer is a person who practices civil engineering – the application of planning, designing, constructing, maintaining, and operating infrastructure while protecting the public and environmental health, as well as improving existing i ...
, and
suffragist Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections and referendums (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote). In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to vo ...
. Barney was among the first women to graduate with an engineering degree in the United States. Given an ultimatum to either stay a wife or practice engineering she chose engineering. She was the granddaughter of
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton ( Cady; November 12, 1815 – October 26, 1902) was an American writer and activist who was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S. during the mid- to late-19th century. She was the main force behind the 1848 ...
.


Early life

She was born Nora Stanton Blatch in
Basingstoke Basingstoke ( ) is a town in Hampshire, situated in south-central England across a valley at the source of the River Loddon on the western edge of the North Downs. It is the largest settlement in Hampshire without city status in the United King ...
, Hampshire, England, in 1883 to William Blatch and Harriot Eaton Stanton, daughter of
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Elizabeth Cady Stanton ( Cady; November 12, 1815 – October 26, 1902) was an American writer and activist who was a leader of the women's rights movement in the U.S. during the mid- to late-19th century. She was the main force behind the 1848 ...
. She studied Latin and mathematics at the
Horace Mann School Horace Mann School (also known as Horace Mann or HM) is an American private, independent college-preparatory school in the Bronx, founded in 1887. Horace Mann is a member of the Ivy Preparatory School League, educating students from the New Yo ...
in New York, beginning in 1897, returning to England in the summers. The family moved to the United States in 1902. Nora attended
Cornell University Cornell University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university based in Ithaca, New York, United States. The university was co-founded by American philanthropist Ezra Cornell and historian and educator Andrew Dickson W ...
, graduating in 1905 with a degree in
civil engineering Civil engineering is a regulation and licensure in engineering, professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads ...
. She was Cornell University's first female engineering graduate.Pioneering women in STEM
''www.nsf.gov'', accessed 28 February 2020
In the same year, she was the first woman admitted (accepted as a junior member) of the
American Society of Civil Engineers The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) is a tax-exempt professional body founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide. Headquartered in Reston, Virginia, it is the oldest national engineering soci ...
(ASCE). She also began work for the New York City Board of Water Supply and for the
American Bridge Company The American Bridge Company is a heavy/civil construction firm that specializes in building and renovating bridges and other large, complex structures. Founded in 1900, the company is headquartered in Coraopolis, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsb ...
from 1905 to 1906. Following the examples set by her mother and grandmother, Nora also became active in the growing women's suffrage movement. She was the first female member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, where she was allowed to be a junior member only and denied advancement to associate member in 1916 solely because of her gender. At the time, women were only admitted as junior members. In 1916, she sued the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) for refusing to admit her as a full member, even though she met all requirements. Blatch lost, and no woman became a full ASCE member for a decade. In 2015, she was posthumously advanced to ASCE Fellow status.


Marriage to Lee de Forest

In 1908, she married the inventor
Lee de Forest #REDIRECT Lee de Forest {{redirect category shell, {{R from move{{R from other capitalisation ...
, and helped to manage some of the companies he had founded to promote his invention and the new technology of wireless (radio). The couple spent their honeymoon in Europe marketing radio equipment developed by de Forest. However, the couple separated only a year later, due largely to de Forest's insistence that Nora quit her profession and become a conventional housewife. Shortly afterward, in June 1909, Nora gave birth to their daughter, Harriet. In 1909, she began working as an engineer for the Radley Steel Construction Company. She divorced de Forest in 1912. After her divorce, she continued her engineering career, working for the
New York State Public Service Commission The New York Public Service Commission is the public utilities commission of the New York state government that regulates and oversees the electric, gas, water, and telecommunication industries in New York as part of the Department of Public Se ...
.


Later life

In 1919, Nora married Morgan Barney, a marine architect. Their daughter, Rhoda Barney Jenkins, born 12 July 1920, in New York, was an
architect An architect is a person who plans, designs, and oversees the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the buildings that h ...
and
social activist Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in social, political, economic or environmental reform with the desire to make Social change, changes in society toward a perceived common good. Forms of activism range from ...
. Rhoda died on 25 August 2007, in Greenwich. Nora continued to work for equal rights for women and world peace, and in 1944 authored ''World Peace Through a People's Parliament''. Nora worked as a
real-estate developer Real estate development, or property development, is a business process, encompassing activities that range from the renovation and re-lease of existing buildings to the purchase of raw land and the sale of developed land or parcels to other ...
and political activist until her death in
Greenwich, Connecticut Greenwich ( ) is a New England town, town in southwestern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it had a population of 63,518. It is the largest town on Gold Coast (Connecticut), Connectic ...
on 18 January 1971. She is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery and Conservancy, Bronx NY with Memorial ID 92785151.Croucher, John S. "Nora Stanton Blatch Barney". ''Women in Science''. Gloucestershire UK: Amberley Publishing 2019, 34-35.


Career and Contributions

After graduating, Barney worked for the American Bridge Company as a drafter. She later took a position with the New York Public Service Commission and was instrumental in planning and designing bridges, subway stations, and other infrastructure projects. However, she was frequently denied full professional status within these organizations due to her gender. In 1906, she applied for membership in the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) and was accepted as a junior member. However, when she applied for associate membership, the ASCE rejected her on the grounds of her gender. This setback did not deter her from continuing her work in engineering and activism. Barney later became an advocate for the integration of women into STEM fields, using her influence to encourage other women to pursue careers in science and engineering. She also studied architecture and engaged in real estate development, where she focused on designing practical and affordable housing.


Activism and Women's Rights Advocacy

Following in the footsteps of her mother and grandmother, Barney was deeply involved in the women’s suffrage movement. She played a key role in the campaign for women’s voting rights and worked closely with the National Woman’s Party. She was an outspoken critic of gender-based employment discrimination and worked toward securing equal opportunities for women in technical professions. During her career, she wrote and spoke extensively on the intersection of feminism and labor rights, emphasizing the importance of women's economic independence. She actively participated in the Equal Rights Amendment movement and supported policies aimed at closing the gender wage gap.


Impact and Legacy

Nora Stanton Blatch Barney’s contributions to civil engineering and women's rights had a lasting impact. Her work in engineering helped pave the way for future generations of women in STEM fields. Although her rejection from ASCE symbolized the systemic barriers faced by women in engineering at the time, her advocacy and perseverance contributed to the gradual inclusion of women in professional engineering organizations. Her activism in women’s rights and labor equality inspired many later movements for gender equality in the workplace. Today, she is recognized as a trailblazer who helped dismantle gender barriers in engineering and beyond. The legacy of Barney’s work is reflected in the increasing number of women in engineering and the policies that promote workplace inclusivity and equal opportunities. In 2015, ASCE posthumously recognized her contributions, acknowledging her as a pioneer in civil engineering. Her life's work remains relevant as discussions about gender equality in STEM continue.


References


Further reading

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External links

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1921 passport photo
{{DEFAULTSORT:Barney, Nora Stanton Blatch English emigrants to the United States 1883 births 1971 deaths English suffragists Cornell University College of Engineering alumni People from Basingstoke Livingston family American women architects American civil engineers 20th-century American women engineers 20th-century American engineers Cornell University alumni Stanton family