This is a list of the non-Muslim interactants with Muslims during Muhammad's era. In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah ( ar, الصحابة "companions") were the companions of the

Islamic prophet Prophets in Islam ( ar, الأنبياء في الإسلام, translit=al-ʾAnbiyāʾ fī al-ʾIslām) are individuals in Islam who are believed to spread God's message on Earth and to serve as models of ideal human behaviour. Some prophets a ...

Muhammad Muhammad ( ar, مُحَمَّد; 570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet divinely inspired to preach and confirm the monot ...

. This form is plural; the singular is ''Ṣaḥābi'' (fem. ''Ṣaḥabiyyah''). A list of the best-known companions can be found at List of companions of Muhammadcompanions of the prophet
at youngmuslims.ca

Arabian Peninsula

Abu 'Afak Abu 'Afak ( Arabic: أبو عفك, died c. 624) was a Jewish poet who lived in the Hijaz region (today Saudi Arabia). Abu 'Afak did not convert to Islam and was vocal about his opposition to Muhammad. He became a significant political enemy o ...

–

Jewish Jews ( he, יְהוּדִים, , ) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The ...

poet A poet is a person who studies and creates poetry. Poets may describe themselves as such or be described as such by others. A poet may simply be the creator ( thinker, songwriter, writer, or author) who creates (composes) poems ( oral or wr ...

* Asma bint Marwan – female poet who lived in Hijāz *

Sallam ibn Abu al-Huqayq Salām bin Abī 'l-Huqayq or Abu Rafi () was a Jewish poet of early 7th century Arabia who financed and assisted the Pagan tribes who were fighting Muhammad and his followers, the muslims. He was killed in the Expedition of 'Abdullah ibn 'Atik ...

Musaylimah Musaylima ( ar, مُسَيْلِمَةُ), otherwise known as Maslama ibn Ḥabīb ( ar, مَسْلَمَةُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ) d.632, was a preacher of monotheism from the Banu Hanifa tribe. He claimed to be a prophet in 7th-century Arabia ...

– known as "the Liar", self-proclaimed

prophet In religion, a prophet or prophetess is an individual who is regarded as being in contact with a divine being and is said to speak on behalf of that being, serving as an intermediary with humanity by delivering messages or teachings from the s ...

Mecca

Akhnas ibn Shariq Al-Akhnas ibn Shurayq al-Thaqafī (Arabic: الأخنس بن شريق الثقفي) was a contemporary to Muhammad and one of the leaders of Mecca. Biography Late life — ?-610 He was a rich man and an ally of Banu Zuhrah. Muhammad's era & ...

—

Sura A ''surah'' (; ar, سورة, sūrah, , ), is the equivalent of "chapter" in the Qur'an. There are 114 ''surahs'' in the Quran, each divided into '' ayats'' (verses). The chapters or ''surahs'' are of unequal length; the shortest surah ('' Al-K ...

h Al-Humaza *

Hisham ibn al-Mughirah Hisham ibn al-Mughira (died 598) was an Arab polytheistic leader from the Banu Makhzum clan of the Quraysh tribe. He was a person of high rank among the Quraish and he was one of the commanders in the Sacrilegious War. He was the son of al-Mughira ...

— unclear if he became a

sahaba The Companions of the Prophet ( ar, اَلصَّحَابَةُ; ''aṣ-ṣaḥāba'' meaning "the companions", from the verb meaning "accompany", "keep company with", "associate with") were the disciples and followers of Muhammad who saw or m ...

* Abu Lahab ibn abd al-Muttalib — often abbreviated as Abu Lahab *

Amr ibn Hishām ʿAmr ibn Hishām al-Makhzūmī ( ar, عمرو بن هشام المخزومي), (570 – 13 March 624), also known as Abu Jahl (lit. 'Father of Ignorance'), was one of the Meccan polytheist pagan leaders from the Quraysh known for his opposition ...

— also known as Abu Jahl, killed in the

Battle of Badr The Battle of Badr ( ar, غَزْوَةُ بَدِرْ ), also referred to as The Day of the Criterion (, ) in the Qur'an and by Muslims, was fought on 13 March 624 CE (17 Ramadan, 2 AH), near the present-day city of Badr, Al Madinah Provin ...

*Al-Aas — one of the leaders of the

Quraish The Quraysh ( ar, قُرَيْشٌ) were a grouping of Arab clans that historically inhabited and controlled the city of Mecca and its Kaaba. The Islamic prophet Muhammad was born into the Hashim clan of the tribe. Despite this, many of the Qu ...

, killed in the Battle of Badr * Mughira ibn Abd-Allah — father of Walid ibn Mughira and one of the leaders of the Quraish * Nawfal ibn Khuwaylid — one of the leaders of the Quraish, killed in the battle of Badr * Siba'a ibn Abd-al-Uzza — Umm Anmaar's brother * Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh — converted to

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Jesus, likely from he, יֵשׁוּעַ, translit=Yēšūaʿ, label=Hebrew/Aramaic ( AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesu ...

*Ubay ibn Khalaf — famously mocked the prophet by blowing the dust of dried bones in his face * Umayah ibn Khalaf — head of the Bani Lou'ai, master and torturer of Bilal ibn Ribah * Umm Anmaar — the woman that bought Khabbab ibn al-Aratt * Umm Jamil — Abu Lahab's wife *

Utbah ibn Rabi'ah ʿUtbah ibn Rabīʿah () (), also known as Abū al-Walīd () was one of the prominent pagan leaders of the Quraysh during the era of Muhammad. He is the father of Abu Hudhayfa ibn 'Utba, Walid ibn Utbah, Hind bint Utbah and father-in-law of Ab ...

— one of the leaders of the Quraish, killed in the battle of Badr *

Uqba ibn Abu Mu'ayt Family Family lineage ‘Uqbah was the son of Abu Mu‘ayṭ ibn Abu ‘Amr ibn Umayyah ibn ‘Abd Shams and of Shayma bint Abd-al-Uzza from the Banu Amir. Abu Mu'ayt's mother was Kabsha bint Abd al-Manat from Banu Amir. Uqbah's aunt, Safiyya ...

* Walid ibn al-Mughirah — father of

Khalid ibn al-Walid Khalid ibn al-Walid ibn al-Mughira al-Makhzumi (; died 642) was a 7th-century Arab military commander. He initially headed campaigns against Muhammad on behalf of the Quraysh. He later became a Muslim and spent the remainder of his career in ...

* Walid ibn Utbah — the champion of Quraish, killed by

Ali ibn Abu Talib ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar, عَلِيّ بْن أَبِي طَالِب; 600 – 661 CE) was the last of four Rightly Guided Caliphs to rule Islam (r. 656 – 661) immediately after the death of Muhammad, and he was the first Shia Imam ...

in the battle of Badr * Amr ibn Abd al-Wud — killed by Ali in the

battle of the trench The Battle of the Trench ( ar, غزوة الخندق, Ghazwat al-Khandaq), also known as the Battle of Khandaq ( ar, معركة الخندق, Ma’rakah al-Khandaq) and the Battle of the Confederates ( ar, غزوة الاحزاب, Ghazwat al- ...

Medina

* Abd-Allah ibn Ubayy

Jewish

(from Banu Nadir, Banu Qurayza, Banu al-Harith and Khaybar)

* Kinana ibn Abu al-Huqayq *

Huyayy ibn Akhtab Huyayy ibn Akhtab ( ar, حيي بن أخطب; he, חי בן אחיטוב) was a chief of the Banu Nadir, a Jewish tribe of Medina in pre- Islamic Arabia. Biography Family His ancestry was Huyayy ibn Akhtab ibn Sa‘yah ibn Tha‘labah ibn ‘Uba ...

Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf ( ar, كعب بن الأشرف; died ) was, according Islamic texts, a Jewish leader and poet in Medina. Biography Ka'b was born to a father from the Arab Tayy tribe and a mother from the Jewish Banu Nadir tribe. His father ha ...

* Usayr ibn Zarim * Kinana ibn al-Rabi * Sallam ibn Mishkam * Ka'b ibn Asad * Barra binte Samawal * Azzal ibn Samaw'al * Abu al-Rafi ibn Abu al-Huqayq *

Al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq Al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq ( ar, ٱلرَّبِيع ٱبْن أَبِي ٱلْحُقَيْق, ') was a Jewish poet of the Banu al-Nadir in Medina, who flourished shortly before the Hijra (622 CE). His family was in possession of the fort Qamus, ...

*Sallam ibn al-Rabi' *Rabi ibn al-Rabi' *Harith ibn al-Harith ibn Habib *al-Harith ibn al-Harith ibn al-Harith ibn Habib *Marhab ibn al-Harith ibn al-Harith ibn Habib *Yasir ibn al-Harith ibn al-Harith ibn Habib * Zeynab bint Al-Harith ibn al-Harith ibn Habib *Kharija ibn Sallam ibn Mishkam *Layla bint Tha'labah ibn Habib

Najran

*The Najran Christians that participated in the

Mubahela The event of the () was an aborted attempt to resolve a theological dispute between Muslims and Christians in CE by invoking the curse of God upon the liars. These debates took place in Medina, located in the Arabian Peninsula, between a C ...

Africa

Abyssinia

In pre-Islamic

Abyssinia The Ethiopian Empire (), also formerly known by the exonym Abyssinia, or just simply known as Ethiopia (; Amharic and Tigrinya: ኢትዮጵያ , , Oromo: Itoophiyaa, Somali: Itoobiya, Afar: ''Itiyoophiyaa''), was an empire that historical ...

, the Abyssinian merchants traded with their Arabic counterparts. After

declared to be the last Prophet of

God In monotheistic thought, God is usually viewed as the supreme being, creator, and principal object of faith. Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)''The Oxford Companion to Philosophy'', Oxford University Press, 1995. God is typically ...

, the Pagan Arabs persecuted the Muslims. Many Muslim families migrated to Abyssinia. And the local Abyssinians converted to Islam, before Muhammad declared that the new faith was completed. * Ashama ibn Abjar The Negus (Emperor) of Abyssinia – spoke with the Muslims who made the

Migration to Abyssinia The migration to Abyssinia ( ar, الهجرة إلى الحبشة, translit=al-hijra ʾilā al-habaša), also known as the First Hijra ( ar, الهجرة الأولى, translit=al-hijrat al'uwlaa, label=none), was an episode in the early histor ...

Egypt

* Muqawqis - ruler of

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Med ...

Other countries

* Harith Gassani –

Governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

of Syria *

Heraclius Heraclius ( grc-gre, Ἡράκλειος, Hērákleios; c. 575 – 11 February 641), was Eastern Roman emperor from 610 to 641. His rise to power began in 608, when he and his father, Heraclius the Elder, the exarch of Africa, led a revolt ...

–

Byzantine Emperor This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Eastern Roman Empire, to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD. Only the emperors who were recognized as l ...

, 610 to 641 * Khosrau II of Persia –

king King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the ...

Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkme ...

, 590 to 628 * al-Mundhir bin Sawa – ruler of

Bahrain Bahrain ( ; ; ar, البحرين, al-Bahrayn, locally ), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain, ' is an island country in Western Asia. It is situated on the Persian Gulf, and comprises a small archipelago made up of 50 natural islands and an ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Non-Muslim Interactants With Muslims During Muhammad's Era Muhammad and other religions