Nikolay Peyko
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Nikolai Ivanovich Peiko (; 25 March 1916,
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
– 1 July 1995, Moscow) was a Russian and Soviet composer and professor of
composition Composition or Compositions may refer to: Arts and literature *Composition (dance), practice and teaching of choreography * Composition (language), in literature and rhetoric, producing a work in spoken tradition and written discourse, to include ...
.


Early life

Peiko began his music education at the
Academic Music College Academic Music College, fully Tchaikovsky Academic Music College at the Moscow State Conservatory () is an educational institution located in Moscow, Russia. History Founded in 1891 as ''Public Music College'' by pianist , the college was giv ...
from 1933 through 1937 where his teachers included Igor Sposobin (harmony) and Genrik Litinsky (composition). This was followed by three years of training at the
Moscow Conservatory The Moscow Conservatory, also officially Tchaikovsky Moscow State Conservatory () is a higher musical educational institution located in Moscow, Russia. It grants undergraduate and graduate degrees in musical performance and musical research. Th ...
where his teachers included
Nikolai Myaskovsky Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky (; ; 20 April 18818 August 1950), was a Russian and Soviet composer. He is sometimes referred to as the "Father of the Soviet Symphony". Myaskovsky was awarded the Stalin Prize five times. Early years Myaskovsky ...
(composition), Nikolai Rakov (orchestration), and Viktor Zukkerman (analysis). He graduated in 1940.


Career

Peiko worked in a military hospital during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
and taught at the
Moscow Conservatory The Moscow Conservatory, also officially Tchaikovsky Moscow State Conservatory () is a higher musical educational institution located in Moscow, Russia. It grants undergraduate and graduate degrees in musical performance and musical research. Th ...
from 1942 to 1949. After working in the period 1941–1943 in Ufa at a military hospital, Peiko partly worked with and was influenced by
Dmitri Shostakovich Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, group=n (9 August 1975) was a Soviet-era Russian composer and pianist who became internationally known after the premiere of his First Symphony in 1926 and thereafter was regarded as a major composer. Shostak ...
. From 1959 until retirement Peiko was professor of composition at the
Gnessin State Musical College The Gnessin State College of Music () and Gnessin Russian Academy of Music () comprise a music school in Moscow.Moisenko, Rena. (1949) ''Realist Music: 25 Soviet Composers,'' London: Meridian Book, Ltd. History Originally known as the Gnessi ...
where his students included
Sofia Gubaidulina Sofia Asgatovna Gubaidulina (24 October 1931 – 13 March 2025) was a Soviet and Russian composer of Modernism (music), modernist Holy minimalism, sacred music. She was highly prolific, producing numerous Chamber music, chamber, Orchestra, orch ...
,
Alexander Arutiunian Alexander Grigori Arutiunian (23 September 192028 March 2012), was a Soviet Union, Soviet and Armenian composer and pianist, widely known for his 1950 Trumpet Concerto (Arutiunian), Trumpet Concerto. A professor at Komitas State Conservatory of ...
, and Inna Zhvanetskaya. Peiko taught his students
twelve-tone The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition. The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale ...
technique. Peiko's first successful work was ''From the Legends of Yakuta'' (1940). During World War II he composed several patriotic pieces, including ''Dramatic Overture'' (1941) and ''Symphony'' I (1944-1946). They were appreciated by Myaskovsky and Shostakovich. His compositions include ''Moldavian Suite for Orchestra'' (1950), ''Tsar Ivan's Night'', ''
Jeanne d'Arc Joan of Arc ( ; ;  – 30 May 1431) is a patron saint of France, honored as a defender of the French nation for her role in the siege of Orléans and her insistence on the Coronation of the French monarch, coronation of Charles VII o ...
'', ''Ballada, for piano'', ''Piano Sonata No.1'', ''Variations for piano'', ''Sonatina for piano No.2'', ''Bylina, for Piano'', ''Piano Sonata No. 2'', and ''Concert Triptych for 2 pianos''. Peiko worked on a genre of "pure" incidental music for theater plays. Peiko was more than a traditional composer who absorbed folk music in his musical language. His music is known for a harsh, distant sound. His music has been described as driving march-rhythms with good humor, decorated with the sound of bells. In 1964 he was honored as an Honored Art Worker of the
RSFSR The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (Russian SFSR or RSFSR), previously known as the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Russian Soviet Republic, and unofficially as Soviet Russia,Declaration of Rights of the labo ...
. Peiko began working with 12-note scales in the 1960s.


Recognition

Peiko won many awards, including two Stalin Prizes for his Symphony No. 1 (1947) and ''Moldavian Suite'' (1950–51).


Selected works

* Piano Ballad (1939) * ''From the Legends of Yakutia'', symphonic suite (1940, rev. 1957) * Dramatic Overture (1941) * Sonatina-Folktale for Piano (1942) * ''Aikhylu'', opera (1942) * Symphony No. 1 (1944–45) * Symphony No. 2 (1946) * Piano Concerto (1943–47) * ''From the Early Russia'', symphonic suite (1948) * Moldavian Suite for orchestra (1949–50) * Seven Pieces on Themes of the Soviet People (1950) * Concerto-Fantasy for violin and orchestra No. 1 on Finnish themes (1953) * Piano Sonata No. 1 (1946–54) * ''Jeanne d'Arc'', ballet after
Schiller Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (, short: ; 10 November 17599 May 1805) was a German playwright, poet, philosopher and historian. Schiller is considered by most Germans to be Germany's most important classical playwright. He was born i ...
(1952–55) * Symphonic Ballad (1956) * Symphony No. 3 (1957) * Sinfonietta (1959) * Capriccio for chamber orchestra (1960) * Piano Quintet (1961) * String Quartet No. 1 (1962) * Concerto-Fantasy for violin and orchestra No. 2 (1964) * Symphony No. 4 (1963–65) * String Quartet No. 2 (1965) * ''One Night of Tsar Ivan'', oratorio after
Tolstoy Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy Tolstoy pronounced his first name as , which corresponds to the romanization ''Lyov''. () (; ,Throughout Tolstoy's whole life, his name was written as using pre-reform Russian orthography. ; ), usually referr ...
(1968) * Symphony No. 5 (1968) * Suite for violin and orchestra (1968) * Decimet (1971) * Symphony No. 6 (1972) * Concerto-Symphony (1974) * Piano Sonata No. 2 (1975) * String Quartet No. 3 (1976) * Symphony No. 7 (1977) * Elegiac Poem for strings (1980) * ''One Night of Tsar Ivan'', opera based in the 1968 oratorio (1982) * Concert Variations for two pianos (1983) * Symphony No. 8 (1985)


Selected recordings

* Complete Piano Music.
Toccata Classics Toccata Classics is an independent British classic music label founded in 2005. The founder of Toccata Classics is Martin Anderson, a music journalist. The label was founded primarily to promote unrecorded works by lesser-known composers, inc ...
(TOCC 0104 and 0105) * Symphonies 4, 5 & 7. Melodiya LPs (1978, 1981). * String Quartets. Shostakovich Quartet (Квартет имени Шостаковича) Melodiya LP 33 С 10—13037-8 (1979)


References


External links

* http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/21520?q=nikolay+peyko&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1#firsthit * http://memim.com/nikolay-peyko.html * https://toccataclassics.com/?s=Peyko * http://www.myaskovsky.ru/?id=46 {{DEFAULTSORT:Peiko, Nikolai 1916 births 1995 deaths Soviet composers 20th-century Russian conductors (music) 20th-century Russian male musicians Composers from Moscow People from Moskovsky Uyezd Academic staff of Gnessin State Musical College Academic staff of Moscow Conservatory Moscow Conservatory alumni Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Recipients of the Stalin Prize Male opera composers Pupils of Nikolai Myaskovsky Russian ballet composers Russian male composers Russian male conductors (music) Russian music educators Russian opera composers Soviet conductors (music) Soviet male composers Soviet music educators Soviet opera composers