Nikolay Dmitrievich Devyatkov (; ,

Vologda Vologda (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda (river), Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population: The city serves as ...

— 1 February 2001,

Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...

) was a Soviet and Russian

scientist A scientist is a person who Scientific method, researches to advance knowledge in an Branches of science, area of the natural sciences. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engag ...

and inventor of

microwave Microwave is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths shorter than other radio waves but longer than infrared waves. Its wavelength ranges from about one meter to one millimeter, corresponding to frequency, frequencies between 300&n ...

vacuum tube A vacuum tube, electron tube, thermionic valve (British usage), or tube (North America) is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric voltage, potential difference has been applied. It ...

s and

medical equipment A medical device is any device intended to be used for medical purposes. Significant potential for hazards are inherent when using a device for medical purposes and thus medical devices must be proved safe and effective with reasonable assura ...

. Full Member of the

USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

Russian Academy of Sciences The Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS; ''Rossíyskaya akadémiya naúk'') consists of the national academy of Russia; a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation; and additional scientific and social units such ...

(1968;

Corresponding Member The corresponding member is one of the possible membership types in some organizations, especially in the learned societies and scientific academies. This title existed or exist in the Soviet Union, GDR, Polish People's Republic, Czechoslovak S ...

from 1953). Professor of the

Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT; , also known as PhysTech), is a public university, public research university located in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It prepares specialists in theoretical physics, theoretical and applied physics, ...

.An official website of the Government of Vologda oblast
Devyatkov Nikolay Dmitrievich
.
. Most of Devyatkov's scientific papers apply to microwave vacuum tubes. He was an author of more than 250 scientific works and inventions, and was the inventor of a

reflex klystron Sutton tube was the name given to the first reflex klystron, developed in 1940 by Robert W. Sutton of Signal School group at the Bristol University. The Sutton tube was developed as a local oscillator for the receiver of 10cm microwave radar sets. ...

(1939, with E. Daniltsev).

Biography

Nikolay Devyatkov worked in 54 years at the enterprise "

Istok Istok may refer to: Places * Istok, Kosovo, a town and municipality located in the District of Peja of western Kosovo also known as Istog or Burim * Istok River or Istog River, originating near the city of Istog, Kosovo * Bolshoy Istok, a villag ...

" in

Fryazino Fryazino ( rus, Фрязино, p=ˈfrʲæzʲɪnə) is a naukograd, scientific types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Lyuboseyevka River, a tributary of the Vorya (Klyazma), Vorya, northeast of th ...

Moscow Oblast Moscow Oblast (, , informally known as , ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast). With a population of 8,524,665 (Russian Census (2021), 2021 Census) living in an area of , it is one of the most densely populate ...

, in the head Soviet (now Russian) enterprise of

microwave electronics Microwave engineering pertains to the study and design of microwave circuits, components, and systems. Fundamental principles are applied to analysis, design and measurement techniques in this field. The short wavelengths involved distinguish this ...

, including 39 years as Deputy Director for Science. Nikolay Devyatkov organized the publication of the journal "Electronic Engineering. Series 1, "Microwave Electronic", the editorial board of which he headed since its release in 1950 until his death. He was the chief editor of the journal "Radio Engineering and Electronics". Nikolay Devyatkov was never a member of the

Communist Party of the Soviet Union The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU),. Abbreviated in Russian as КПСС, ''KPSS''. at some points known as the Russian Communist Party (RCP), All-Union Communist Party and Bolshevik Party, and sometimes referred to as the Soviet ...

The founder of Soviet and Russian medical electronics

Although the main work of Nikolay Devyatkov were aimed at improving the country's defense, he also made a significant contribution to the development of medical instrumentation. Yav-1 var 2

MM-wave Therapy

Nikolay Devyatkov with colleagues developed the theoretical foundations of low-intensity millimeter waves therapy ( MM-wave Therapy) also called Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Therapy.Devyatkov ND, Golant MB, Betsky OV. Millimeter waves and their role in the processes of life. - Moscow: Radio and Syaz, 1991. Devyatkov ND, Golant MB, Betsky OV
Brief information for physicians about the physical characteristics of the processes occurring in the body under MM-wave therapy performed by installations "Jav-1", and the associated effects on the body of electromagnetic millimeter waves
In the mid-1980s, under the guidance of Nikolay Devyatkov the company "

" (

) has developed the first device for MM-wave therapy "Jav-1". The Committee on New Medical Technology of the Ministry of Health of the USSR recommended the "Jav-1" for serial production (1987)Instructions for use of therapeutic radiation treatment systems for millimeter-wave band nonthermal intensity of the "Jav-1".
- Moscow: Ministry of Health of the USSR, 1987, the Committee on New Medical Technology. Minutes № 6 of 13.06.1987. and included one in the National Register of medical devices.State register of medical devices (as of 01/01/1996 was)
. In late 1980 the "Istok" has been established mass serial production the "Jav-1". "Jav-1" was also produced in the company "Start",

Penza Penza (, ) is the largest types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and administrative center of Penza Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Sura (river), Sura River, southeast of Moscow. As of the 2010 Russian census, 2010 Census, Penza had ...

. The "Istok" and "Start" don't produce the "Jav-1" now.Website of the company "Istok"
Medical Products
.

Microwave thermotherapy

Nikolay Devyatkov, together with Eduard Gelvic, Vladimir Mazohin and others developed the theoretical framework and create an apparatus of the

microwave thermotherapy Microwave thermotherapy is a type of treatment in which body tissue is heated by microwave irradiation to damage and kill cancer cells or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs. See also * Tra ...

(hyperthermia) operating local electromagnetic hyperthermia of malignant neoplasms.Devyatkov ND, Gelvich EA et al
Apparatus and methods for microwave and RF heating for application in oncology
Soviet Physics Uspekhi (Advances in Physical Sciences). 1981, May, v 134, N 1, pp. 158—163. At present, this direction is actively developed and theoretical developments Devyatkov and his colleagues are embodied in manufactured today in the company "Istok" installation: *"Yachta-4M" for the local microwave thermotherapy of

malignant neoplasms Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread. Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal ...

and diseases of the

prostate The prostate is an male accessory gland, accessory gland of the male reproductive system and a muscle-driven mechanical switch between urination and ejaculation. It is found in all male mammals. It differs between species anatomically, chemica ...

*"Yachta-5" for the general and local microwave thermotherapy of malignant neoplasms. AGMI-01 Acidogastrometr for surgery

Gastrointestinal and intraluminal pH-metry and manometry

In 1969-1970, Devyatkov with his colleagues designed the world's first industrial model of pH probe, which measured the

acid An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. Hydron, hydrogen cation, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis ...

ity of the two points of the

gastrointestinal tract The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract, digestive tract, alimentary canal) is the tract or passageway of the Digestion, digestive system that leads from the mouth to the anus. The tract is the largest of the body's systems, after the cardiovascula ...

Batigin VN, Deviatkov ND, Linar EY, etc
Probe to determine the hydrogen ion activity of biological media
The USSR inventors certificate № 296346, 11/06/1969. and apparatus for recording the pH. Also he created the original versions of pH-probes with 3, 4 and 5 sensors, intraoperation,

endoscopic An endoscopy is a procedure used in medicine to look inside the body. The endoscopy procedure uses an endoscope to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike many other medical imaging techniques, endoscopes are insert ...

, children's pH-probes for different age groups,

dentistry Dentistry, also known as dental medicine and oral medicine, is the branch of medicine focused on the Human tooth, teeth, gums, and Human mouth, mouth. It consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention, management, and treatment of diseases, dis ...

and

gynecology Gynaecology or gynecology (see American and British English spelling differences) is the area of medicine concerned with conditions affecting the Female reproductive system, female reproductive system. It is often paired with the field of obste ...

pH-probes, as well as equipment, recording pH with multisensor pH-probes. With the direct participation Devyatkov the NPC "Istok" were organized serial production of the first in the USSR pH-probes for gastrointestinal pH-metry. Method of complex study of the functional state of the

stomach The stomach is a muscular, hollow organ in the upper gastrointestinal tract of Human, humans and many other animals, including several invertebrates. The Ancient Greek name for the stomach is ''gaster'' which is used as ''gastric'' in medical t ...

and

duodenum The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In mammals, it may be the principal site for iron absorption. The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the shortest p ...

, providing simultaneous measurement of pressure and acidity in different parts of the

and is called at that time "ionomanometry" has been applied in medical practice since 1974. Under the guidance of Devyatkov was made probe with 4 pH sensors, and 4 plastic manometric

catheter In medicine, a catheter ( ) is a thin tubing (material), tube made from medical grade materials serving a broad range of functions. Catheters are medical devices that can be inserted in the body to treat diseases or perform a surgical procedure. ...

s. This area of his research has its modern development in the devices for diagnostic

gastroenterology Gastroenterology (from the Greek gastḗr- "belly", -énteron "intestine", and -logía "study of") is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders. The digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract, sometime ...

esophageal pH monitoring In gastroenterology, esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document ...

esophageal motility study An esophageal motility study (EMS) or esophageal manometry is a test to assess motor function of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES), esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Indications An EMS is typically done to evaluate susp ...

electrogastroenterography An electrogastrogram (EGG) is a computer generated graphic produced by electrogastrography, which detects, analyzes and records the myoelectrical signal generated by the movement of the smooth muscle of the stomach, intestines and other smooth musc ...

and other, that has brandname " Gastroscan" in Russia and are the main products of Fryazino company ZAO NPP « Istok-Sistema».

Other areas

Devyatkov and his colleagues performed a series of pioneering work in the field of medical

thermography Infrared thermography (IRT), thermal video or thermal imaging, is a process where a thermal camera captures and creates an image of an object by using infrared radiation emitted from the object in a process, which are examples of infrared im ...

, were developed the therapy and surgical lasers, electrodes for coagulation endovascular veins, xenon feeds "Yakhont" for the treatment of

otolaryngology Otorhinolaryngology ( , abbreviated ORL and also known as otolaryngology, otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (ORL–H&N or OHNS), or ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) is a surgical subspecialty within medicine that deals with the surgical an ...

, dental and gynecological diseases, and others.

Awards

Devyatkov received the Stalin Prize (1949), the

Lenin Prize The Lenin Prize (, ) was one of the most prestigious awards of the Soviet Union for accomplishments relating to science, literature, arts, architecture, and technology. It was originally created on June 23, 1925, and awarded until 1934. During ...

(1965), the

State Prize of the Russian Federation The State Prize of the Russian Federation, officially translated in Russia as Russian Federation National Award, is a state honorary prize established in 1992 following the breakup of the Soviet Union. In 2004 the rules for selection of laureates ...

(2000) and the

Hero of Socialist Labour The Hero of Socialist Labour () was an Title of honor, honorific title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries from 1938 to 1991. It represented the highest degree of distinction in the USSR and was awarded for exceptional achievem ...

(1969). He was also awarded two

Orders of Lenin The Order of Lenin (, ) was an award named after Vladimir Lenin, the leader of the October Revolution. It was established by the Central Executive Committee on 6 April 1930. The order was the highest civilian decoration bestowed by the Soviet ...

, the

Order of the October Revolution The Order of the October Revolution (, ''Orden Oktyabr'skoy Revolyutsii'') was instituted on 31 October 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It was conferred upon individuals or groups for services furthering communis ...

, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour and an

Order of the Red Star The Order of the Red Star () was a military decoration of the Soviet Union. It was established by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 6 April 1930 but its statute was only defined in decree of the Presidium of the ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Devyatkov, Nikolay 1907 births 2001 deaths Burials at Vostryakovskoye Cemetery People from Vologda Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences Academic staff of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni Academic staff of Moscow Power Engineering Institute Heroes of Socialist Labour Recipients of the Stalin Prize Recipients of the Lenin Prize Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Recipients of the Order of the Red Star State Prize of the Russian Federation laureates Russian electrical engineers Soviet inventors Soviet electrical engineers