Nikolay Aleksandrovich Kashtalinsky () (1840 – April 17, 1917) was a general in the

Imperial Russian Army The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and ...

during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He fought in the

Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878) The Russo-Turkish wars ( ), or the Russo-Ottoman wars (), began in 1568 and continued intermittently until 1918. They consisted of twelve conflicts in total, making them one of the longest series of wars in the history of Europe. All but four of ...

Russo-Japanese War The Russo-Japanese War (8 February 1904 – 5 September 1905) was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and the Korean Empire. The major land battles of the war were fought on the ...

of 1904–1905, and in

World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...

Biography

Kashtalinsky was a graduate of the 2nd St. Petersburg Military Gymnasium and Pavlovsk Military School and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1869, serving with the 1st Infantry Battalion of the

Grenadier A grenadier ( , ; derived from the word ''grenade'') was historically an assault-specialist soldier who threw hand grenades in siege operation battles. The distinct combat function of the grenadier was established in the mid-17th century, when ...

Regiment of the Life Guards. In 1874, he transferred to the 6th Turkestan Infantry Battalion, with which he participated in two expeditions under General

Alexander Konstantinovich Abramov Alexander Konstantinovich Abramov () (1836–1886) was a Russian major general. Serving under general Mikhail Chernyayev during the time of Russia's conquest of Central Asia, Abramov is perhaps best known for leading the siege of the Uzbekistan ...

in the Russian conquest of the

Zarafshan Zarafshan, Zarafshon or Zeravshan may refer to: * Zarafshan, Tajikistan * Zarafshon, Uzbekistan * Zarafshan Airport, Uzbekistan * Zarafshon (river), in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan * Zarafshan Range, in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan * Nasser Zarafshan ...

Valley, during which he was awarded the Order of St. Anne (3rd degree with swords and bow) for bravery in combat. At the start of the

, voluntarily enlisted in the

Bulgarian Army The Bulgarian Army (), also called Bulgarian Armed Forces, is the military of Bulgaria. The commander-in-chief is the president of Bulgaria. The Ministry of Defense is responsible for political leadership, while overall military command is in ...

and was wounded during the

Battle of Shipka Pass The Battle of Shipka Pass consisted of four battles that were fought between the Russian Empire, aided by Bulgarian volunteers known as opalchentsi, and the Ottoman Empire for control over the vital Shipka Pass during the Russo-Turkish War (18 ...

. He was promoted to captain, and was decorated with the

Order of St. Vladimir The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir () was an Imperial Russian order established on by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'. Grades The order had four ...

(4th class with swords and bow), Order of St. Anne (2nd class, with swords) and Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd degree with swords. Kashtalinsky subsequently was appointed provincial military commander in the

Kuban Kuban ( Russian and Ukrainian: Кубань; ) is a historical and geographical region in the North Caucasus region of southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, the Volga Delta and separated fr ...

region and Andean province (modern

Dagestan Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Fede ...

), and commander of reserve brigades in the Caucasus from 1888. He was promoted to major general in 1900 upon his retirement due to illness. In 1902, Kashtalinsky reentered military service as commander of a brigade of the 33rd Infantry Division. In 1903, he became commander of the 3rd East Siberian Rifle Brigade, and from 1904 was commander of the 3rd East Siberian Infantry Division stationed in

Manchuria Manchuria is a historical region in northeast Asia encompassing the entirety of present-day northeast China and parts of the modern-day Russian Far East south of the Uda (Khabarovsk Krai), Uda River and the Tukuringra-Dzhagdy Ranges. The exact ...

. At the start of the

of 1904–1905, he was stationed on the

Yalu River The Yalu River () or Amnok River () is a river on the border between China and North Korea. Together with the Tumen River to its east, and a small portion of Paektu Mountain, the Yalu forms the border between China and North Korea. Its valle ...

under the command of General

Mikhail Zasulich Mikhail Ivanovich Zasulich () (December 24, 1843 – 1910) was a general in the Imperial Russian Army, noted for his role as commander of the Russian 2nd Siberian Army Corps in the Battle of the Yalu River, of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904& ...

's 2nd Siberian Corps with orders prevent the

Imperial Japanese Army The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; , ''Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun'', "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the principal ground force of the Empire of Japan from 1871 to 1945. It played a central role in Japan’s rapid modernization during th ...

from crossing into Manchuria. In the subsequent Battle of Yalu River, his forces bore the brunt of the Japanese assault, and without adequate support from General Zasulich, were routed with heavy losses. Kashtalinsky was himself wounded in the battle. Kashtalinsky would subsequently participate in other battles of the war, including the

Battle of Liaoyang The () was a major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, on the outskirts of the city of Liaoyang in present-day Liaoning Province, China. The city was of great strategic importance as the major Russian military center for southern Manchuria ...

Battle of Shaho The Battle of Shaho ( (''Saka no kaisen''), ) was the second large-scale land battle of the Russo-Japanese War fought along a front centered at the Shaho River along the Mukden– Port Arthur spur of the China Far East Railway north of Liaoyang ...

, as well as the

Battle of Mukden The , one of the largest land battles to be fought before World War I and the last and the most decisive major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought from 20 February to 10 March 1905 between Japan and Russia near Mukden ...

. He was awarded the

Order of St. George The Order of Saint George () is the highest military decoration of the Russian Federation. It was originally established on 26 November 1769 Julian (7 December 1769 Gregorian) as the highest military decoration of the Russian Empire for commiss ...

(4th class) on November 1, 1905, for courage and diligence in these campaigns. He was also awarded the Order of St. Stanislaus 1st class with swords and Order of St. Anne, 1st class with swords and promotion to the rank of lieutenant general. In 1907, Kashtalinsky briefly commanded the 11th East Siberian Rifle Regiment before being appointed commander of the 4th Army Corps. He retired a second time from active service in 1908, with a promotion to full general. With the start of

, Kashtalinsky again came out of retirement, and was appointed commander of the Russian

28th Army Corps Eighth is ordinal form of the number eight. Eighth may refer to: * One eighth, , a fraction, one of eight equal parts of a whole * Eighth note (quaver), a musical note played for half the value of a quarter note (crotchet) * Octave, an interval b ...

on September 26, 1914. He received the Order of the White Eagle, with swords in 1915, and on October 6, 1915, went into the reserves at the

Kiev Military District The Kiev Military District (; , abbreviated ) was a military district of the Imperial Russian Army and subsequently of the Red Army and Soviet Armed Forces. It was first formed in 1862, and was headquartered in Kiev (Kyiv) for most of its exist ...

. However, on April 20, 1916, he became commander of the Russian 40th Army Corps which saw considerable combat on the Austrian front in May–June 1916. He received the Order of St. George, 3rd class on August 4, 1916. Kashtalinsky was appointed a member of the Alexander Committee of the wounded in November 1916. He was murdered in his home in

Petrograd Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...

on April 17, 1917, by a mentally ill soldier.

Honors

Order of St. Anne 3rd class with sword and bow, 1875 *

Order of St Vladimir The Imperial Order of Saint Prince Vladimir () was an Imperial Russian order established on by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus'. Grades The order had four ...

, 4th class, 1877 * Order of St. Anne 2nd class with sword, 1877 * Order of Saint Stanislaus Ribbon

Order of St. Stanislaus 2nd class with swords, 1877 * RUS Order of Saint George 4th class ribbon 2000

, 4th class, 1905 * Order of Saint Anna ribbon bar

Order of St. Anne 1st class, 1905 * Order of the White Eagle War Merit ribbon

Order of the White Eagle, with swords, 1915 * RUS Order of Saint George 3rd class ribbon 2000

, 3rd class, 1916

References

* Connaughton, Richard Michael. (1988)
''The War of the Rising Sun and Tumbling Bear: A Military History of the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-5.''
London:

Routledge Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanit ...

. (cloth); (paper) -- reprinted by Cassell Military, London, 2004. (paper) * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Kashtalinsky, Nikolay Aleksandrovich 1848 births 1917 deaths Imperial Russian Army generals Russian military personnel of the Russo-Japanese War Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) Russian military personnel of World War I Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 4th class Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Third Degree Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia) Murder victims from the Russian Empire Untitled nobility from the Russian Empire