Count Nikolay Vladimirovich Adlerberg (; 19 May 1819 – 25 December 1892) was a Russian aristocrat who served as Councilor of State and Chamberlain in the imperial court, as well as governor of Taganrog, Simferopol and

Finland Finland, officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It borders Sweden to the northwest, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, with the Gulf of Bothnia to the west and the Gulf of Finland to the south, ...

Early life

Nikolay Adlerberg was born into the

Estonia Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia, is a country in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Ru ...

n branch of Adlerberg family that belonged to Baltic German nobility and Swedish nobility. Born on 19 May 1819 in

Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

as the son Vladimir Fyodorovich Adlerberg, a close friend of Nicholas I, and his wife, Maria Vasilievna Nelidova (1797-1870).

Biography

Nikolay Adlerberg graduated from the ''Page Corps of His Majesty'' in 1837, and in 1838 was appointed aide-de-camp to the Emperor; he participated in wars led by Russia in

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region spanning Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising parts of Southern Russia, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Caucasus Mountains, i ...

(1841–1842) and Hungary in 1849. After the Hungarian campaign he was promoted to the rank of colonel and awarded with golden weapons. Adlerberg resigned in 1852 and was attached to the Russian Ministry of the Interior, receiving the title of chamberlain in the court of His Majesty. On 10 June 1853 Adlerberg was appointed Governor of Taganrog, but he left the Governor's office in the hands of general Yegor Tolstoy in spring 1854 due to a declared state of war in Taganrog and the proximity of

Crimean War The Crimean War was fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Second French Empire, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861), Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont fro ...

actions. In 1852-1870 he was President of the Russian Imperial Post Department, who introduced the first Russian post stamps. In 1855, Nikolay Adlerberg was promoted to the rank of mayor-general and married Countess Amalie von Lerchenfeld (1808–1888) (in the first marriage Amalie von Krüdener). Count Adlerberg served as governor-general of Simferopol and Taurida Governorate (1854–1856) during an uneasy period of the Crimean War. Later he served at the Imperial Russian Diplomatic Mission in Berlin in 1856–1866. Nikolay Adlerberg was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-general in 1861 and infantry-general in 1870, and during sixteen years served as Governor-General of Finland (1866–1881). Being a theater enthusiast, he established the Russian Theater in

Helsinki Helsinki () is the Capital city, capital and most populous List of cities and towns in Finland, city in Finland. It is on the shore of the Gulf of Finland and is the seat of southern Finland's Uusimaa region. About people live in the municipali ...

in 1868, which was named Alexander Theatre in 1879 after

Alexander II of Russia Alexander II ( rus, Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич, Aleksándr II Nikoláyevich, p=ɐlʲɪˈksandr ftɐˈroj nʲɪkɐˈlajɪvʲɪtɕ; 29 April 181813 March 1881) was Emperor of Russia, Congress Poland, King of Poland and Grand Du ...

. On 22 May 1881 the Count was named member of the State Council, but was pensioned off from this post after assassination of his protector, Emperor

. Nikolay and Amalie Adlerberg moved to Germany, where they settled at Maximilian Lerchenfeld's estate in

Tegernsee Tegernsee () is a Town#Germany, town in the Miesbach (district), Miesbach district of Bavaria, Germany. It is located on the banks of Tegernsee (lake), Lake Tegernsee, which is 747 m (2,451 ft) AMSL, above sea level. A spa town, it is su ...

near

Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

. Nikolay Adlerberg died on 25 December 1892 in

Bavaria Bavaria, officially the Free State of Bavaria, is a States of Germany, state in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the list of German states by area, largest German state by land area, comprising approximately 1/5 of the total l ...

Honors

;Russian orders and decorations * Knight of the Order of Saint Anna, 3rd Class with Bow, ''1842''; 2nd Class, ''1849''; with Crown, ''1851''; 1st Class with Swords, ''1859'' * Golden Sword "For Bravery", ''1844'' * Knight of the Order of Saint Vladimir, 4th Class, ''1848''; 3rd Class, ''1854''; 2nd Class, ''1865''; 1st Class, ''1876'' * Knight of the

Order of Saint Stanislaus The Order of Saint Stanislaus (, ), also spelled Stanislas, was a Polish order of knighthood founded in 1765 by King Stanisław August Poniatowski of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It remained under the Congress Poland, Kingdom of Pola ...

, 1st Class, ''1855'' * Knight of the Order of the White Eagle, ''1867'' * Knight of the Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky, ''1872''; in Diamonds, ''1875'' ;Foreign orders and decorations * : ** Commander of the Imperial Order of Leopold, ''1849'' ** Knight of the Imperial Order of the Iron Crown, 1st Class, ''1853'' * : Grand Cross of the Merit Order of Saint Michael, ''1864'' * : Grand Cross of the

Royal Guelphic Order The Royal Guelphic Order (), sometimes referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, is a Kingdom of Hanover, Hanoverian order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent (later King George IV). It takes its name from the House ...

, ''1863'' * : Commander of the Ludwig Order, 2nd Class, ''17 June 1840'' *

Kingdom of Prussia The Kingdom of Prussia (, ) was a German state that existed from 1701 to 1918.Marriott, J. A. R., and Charles Grant Robertson. ''The Evolution of Prussia, the Making of an Empire''. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1946. It played a signif ...

: ** Knight of the Order of the Red Eagle, 1st Class, ''18 October 1861''; Grand Cross, ''4 September 1879'' ** Knight of the Royal Order of the Crown, 1st Class, ''11 June 1864''; with Enamel Band of the Red Eagle Order, ''1865'' * : Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, ''9 July 1859''

References

*
full text of ''En Orient, impressions et réminiscences'' by count N. Adlerberg, 1867
, - {{DEFAULTSORT:Adlerberg, Nikolay 1819 births 1892 deaths Nobility from Saint Petersburg People from the Russian Empire of Swedish descent Counts of the Russian Empire Russian military personnel of the Crimean War Governors of Taganrog Governors of the Grand Duchy of Finland Members of the State Council (Russian Empire) Expatriates from the Russian Empire in Germany Governors of the Taurida Governorate Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Russia) Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian), 1st class Recipients of the Gold Sword for Bravery Military personnel from Saint Petersburg

Early life

Biography

Honors

See also

References