Nicolas Saboly

Nicolas Saboly (, ; 30 January 1614 – 26 July 1675) was a poet, composer and choirmaster from what was then part of the Papal States. He composed many Christmas carols in Provençal Occitan which form one of the monuments of poetry in that language and have been continuously republished until the present day.

Life

Nicolas Saboly was born on 31 January 1614 in Monteux to a family of herdsmen.
His great-grandfather Claude Saboly and his grandfather Raymond Saboly followed this occupation.
It was Raymond Saboly who came to settle in Monteux.
Nicolas was the youngest son of Felisa Meilheuret and Jean Saboly.
He had an older brother named Jean-Pierre Saboly and three sisters named Anne, Félicia (Felisa) and Claire.

Student destined for the priesthood

Saboly's father died on 15 August 1619, and Nicolas entered the Jesuit college of Carpentras.
At the end of his schooling he became a member of the Congregation of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin on 14 May 1628.
In the autumn of 1628 he left his college to begin taking classes at the University of Avignon.
He received the tonsure in 1630 and attended courses in law and theology, as evidenced by two notarial acts of 12 March 1632 and 27 December 1633, which he witnessed as a student of theology.
In 1634 he left the University without taking his degrees.
On 27 September 1635 he was ordained a sub-deacon, deacon and priest.

Career as choirmaster

In 1639 Nicolas Saboly obtained the position of organist and choirmaster of the Saint-Siffrein Cathedral^{( fr)} in Carpentras.
He was occasionally employed in local festivals, such as on 22 September 1639 when the clergy of Caromb asked him to play the organ for the parish festival of St. Maurice.
He received 10 florins and 12 sous for his performance.
His name disappears from the accounts of Saint-Siffrein after 20 June 1643, when he was replaced by the choirmaster David.

Nicolas Saboly went to Arles where he was choirmaster from 1643 to 1646, then the cathedral of Aix-en-Provence from 1652 to 1655.
He was in Nîmes in 1659.
He was choirmaster of the collegiate church of Saint-Pierre d'Avignon^{( fr)} from before 1668 until his death.

Ecclesiastical benefices

Like many priests of his time, Saboly obtained several ecclesiastical benefits.
On 16 April 1633 he became chaplain of St. Mary Magdalene in the Cathedral of Saint Siffrein in Carpentras.
He kept this benefice until 1663.
On 28 March 1658 he was issued a certificate of studies that found he had attended courses at the University of Avignon from 1628 to 1634, and was given a certificate of aptitude for obtaining profits in the dioceses of Nîmes and Uzès.

On 10 June 1660, after a lengthy process, he obtained a pension of 100 lt. (livre tournois) from the papal administration to take on the priory and the benefit of Saint-Benoît-de-Cayran in the diocese of Uzès.
After returning to Avignon he obtained the chaplaincy of Saint Mary, which he still held in 1663.

Testament and death

On 21 April 1671 Saboly's will was notarized by François Julien in Marseilles.
Saboly made his niece Claire Saboly (wife of Christophe Chardenas, bourgeois of Roquemaure, Gard) ) his universal heiress.
He also bequeathed 600 lt. to his servant Isabeau Sevique, and reserved from his niece's legacy an annuity with 600 lt. of capital yielding 30 lt. annually to be paid to the chapter of Saint-Pierre d'Avignon so that after his death two masses would be said each week in his memory.
He died four years later on 25 July 1675 in Avignon.Avignon AM, paroisse Saint-Pierre, registre des décès.
He is buried in the choir of the Saint-Pierre church.

Saboly's career as a choirmaster was standard for this period.
He is famous for the carols that he composed.

Works

Manuscript works

*''Bastide collection''. Manuscript collection of 220 carols with music notes, in Provencal and French, compiled and written by Joseph Bastide, surgeon from Avignon, at the beginning of the 18th century. In-4 °, 500 p. Contains almost all of Saboly's compositions except for numbers 6, 11, 34, 49, 62, 64, 67.
*Carpentras BM: Ms. 384. Collection of French and Provencal poetry, 17th century. 4 °, 144 f. This collection contains pieces by Saboly and has been entirely attributed to him, wrongly. See the discussion of authenticity in Faury 1876, Part 2.
*Two polyphonic masses in the manuscript Carpentras BM: Ms. 1267, probably written during his post at Saint-Siffrein;
*Two motets

Printed works

First editions in fascicle

The first editions of Saboly's carols consist of eight bound instalments, dated between 1668 and 1674, kept in Paris Ars. : BL 9478. The titles of the instalments are:

* ''Lei Noé de San Pierre''. Avignon : Pierre Offray, 1668. 12°.
* ''Lei Noé de San Pierre''. Avignon : Pierre Offray, 1669. 12° read online
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* ''Lei Noé de San Pierre. De l'année 1669.'' Avignon : 1669. 12° read online
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* ''Histori de la naissenso dou fis de Diou, composado en Noé, per N. Saboly...'' Avignon : 1670. 12° read online
/small>.
* ''Noés nouveous de l'an M.DC.LXXI. Composas per Nicolas Saboly...'' Avignon : Michel Chastel, 1671. 12°, 16 p. read online
/small>.
* ''Noés nouveous de l'an M.DC.LXXII. Composas per...'' Avignon : 1672. 12°, 16 p.
* ''Noés nouveous de l'an M. DC.LXXIII...'' Avignon : 1673. 12°, 16 p.
* ''Noés nouveous de l'an M. DC.LXXIV...'' Avignon : 1674. 12°, 16 p.

Editions collected in one volume

* ''Recueil des noëls provenceaux composez par le sieur Nicolas Saboly''. Avignon : Michel Chastel, 1699. 12°, 100 p. Paris BNF : YE-12578.
* ''Recueil des noëls provenceaux composez par le sieur Nicolas Saboly'' Avignon : F. Mallard et F. Domergue, 1724. 2e éd. 12°, 100 p. Paris BNF.
* ''Recueil des noëls provenceaux composez par le sieur Nicolas Saboly...'' Avignon : J. Molière, 1737. 3e éd. 12°, 99 p. Paris BNF. Online o
Gallica

* '' Recueil des noëls provenceaux composé par le sr Nicolas Saboly,... Nouvelle édition, augmentée du Noël fait à la mémoire de M. Saboly, et de celui des Rois, fait par J.-F. D*** oseph-François Domergue'. Avignon : impr. de F.-J. Domergue, 1763. 12°, 112 p.
* ''Idem''. Avignon : T. F. Domergue le jeune, 1772. 12°, 114 p.
* ''Idem''. Avignon : J. T. Domergue, 1774. 12°, 120 p.
* ''Recueil de Noëls provençaux composés par le sieur Nicolas Saboly''. Avignon : Jean Chaillot, 1791. 12°.
* ''Recueil de noëls provençaux, composés par le sieur Nicolas Saboly... Nouvelle édition, augmentée du noël fait à la mémoire de M. Saboly, & de celui des Rois, fait par J. F. Domergue, doyen d’Aramon''. Carpentras : Gaudibert-Penne, 1803. 12°, 120 p.
* ''Idem''. Avignon : Jean Chaillot, 1804. 12°, 132 p.
* ''Idem''. Avignon : Jean Chaillot, 1807. 12°, 132 p.
* ''Idem''. Avignon : Chaillot Aîné, 1820. 12°, 132 p.
* ''Idem''. Avignon : Chaillot aîné, 1824. 12°, 132 p. Online o
Google Books

* ''Idem''. Avignon : Offray aîné, 1854. 12°, 132 p.
* ''Idem''. Avignon : Peyri, 1854. 12°, 132 p. Online o
Google Books

* ''Recueil des Noels composés en langue provençale... Nouvelle édition... publiée pour la première fois avec les airs notés... par Fr. Seguin''. Avignon : Fr. Seguin aîné, 1856. Partition 2°, L-87 p., mus. Online o
Gallica
Édition réimprimée en 1897.
* ''Nouvè de Micolau Saboly avec une préface de Frédéric Mistral''. Avignon : Aubanel frères, 1865.
* ''Vint-un Nouvè causi de Micolau Saboly (1614-1675)'', édition du Tricentenaire présentée par Pierre Fabre et Robert Allan, publication de l'Institut vauclusien d'études rhodaniennes. Vedène : Comptoir général du livre occitan, 1975.
* '' Li Nouvè di Rèire'' de Nicolas Saboly. Berre L'Etang : C.I.E.L d'Oc, s.d. Disponible e
en PDF

* ''Recueil des Noëls provençaux, Lou Reviro-meinage, Œuvres complètes de Nicolas Saboly, présentation, traduction, notes Henri Moucadel''. Montfaucon : A l'asard Bautezar !, 2014, 448 p.

Editions in collection with other authors

In the second part of the 19th century Saboly's were often published with those of Antoine Peyrol (18th century) and Joseph Roumanille (1818-1891).
These many editions reflect the literary movement of the Félibriges. The list below is not exhaustive.

* ''Li nouvè de Saboly, Peyrol, Roumanille em'un peçu d'aquéli de l'abat Lambert em'uno mescladisso de nouvè vièi e nóu e de vers de J. Reboul. Edicioun revisto e adoubado pèr lou felibre de la Miougrano emé la bono ajudo dóu felibre de Bello-visto''. Avignon : Aubanel, 1858. 18°, 228 p.
* ''Li Nouvè de Saboly e de Roumanille. Em’un bon noumbre de viei Nouvè que soun esta jamai empremi. Edicioun nouvello, revisto coume se dèu''. Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1865 (impr. adm. Gros frères). 8°, VIII-160 p. Online o
Gallica

* ''Li nouvè de Saboly, de Peyrol e de J. Roumanille. Em'un bon noumbre de vièi Nouvè que se canton en Prouvènço. Edicioum nouvello, revisto coume se dèu''. Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1879. 12°, viii-163 p.
* ''Li Nouvè de Micoulau Saboly e di Felibre... em'uno charradisso pèr Frederi Mistral''. Avignon : Aubanel, 1869. 12°, 182 p.
* ''Li nouvè de Saboly, de Peyrol e de J. Roumanille...'' Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1873. 12°, 129 p.
* ''Li nouvè de Saboly, de Peyrol e de J. Roumanille... Em'un bon noumbre de vièi Nouvè que se canton en Prouvènço''. Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1879. 12°, VIII-163 p. Online o
Gallica

* ''Li nouvè de Saboly de Peyrol e de J. Roumanille... IVe editcioun''. - Avignon : Joseph Roumanille, 1887. 8°, 164 p.

List of carols

Saboly did not compose all the Christmas carols that were attributed to him.
They were originally published without music because they were sung to popular tunes that everyone knew by heart.
Saboly simply gave a note like "on the air of the echo", "on the air of the pastouro" or sometimes "On an air by Saboly".

The Provencal Documentation Center has retained in its booklet devoted to this author a list of 48 carols definitely composed by Saboly.

Following are the carols are according to the François Seguin edition of 1856:

First book (1667)

:1. Iéu ai vist lou Piemount riginal melody, 1660:2. Bon Diéu! la grand clarta riginal melody:3. Micoulau noste pastre elody: ''Nicolas va voir Jeanne'':4. Ai! quouro tournara lou tèms elody: ''Quand reviendra-t-il le temps'':5. Li a proun de gènt que van en roumavage elody: ''Toulerontonton'':6. Un pau après lei tempouro elody: ''L'autre jour, dans sa colère'':7. Ça menen rejouissènço elody: ''Quand vous serez'':8. Viven urous e countènt elody: ''Vivons heureux et contents'':9. Per noun langui long dou camin elody: ''Allant au marché ce matin'':10. Ai! la bono fourtuno elody: ''Montalay n'est pas fière'':11. Pièisque l'ourguei de l'umano naturo riginal melody:12. Venès lèu vèire la pièucello elody: ''Qu'ils sont doux, bouteille jolie'' (air de Lully pour le ''Malade imaginaire'')
Second book (1668)

:13. Ai proun couneigu elody: ''Pargai puisqu'enfin'':14. Chut! teisas-vous ir de lEcho'', également connu sous le nom de ''Tarare-Pon-pon'':15. Ourguhious plen de magagno elody: ''Tircis caressait Chimène'':16. Diéu vous gard', noste mèstre elody: ''Ce n'est qu'un badinage'':17. Vers lou pourtau Sant-Laze elody: ''Il faut pour Endremonde'':18. Helas! qu'noun aurié pieta riginal melody
Third book (1669)

:19. Li a quaucarèn que m'a fa pòu elody: ''On a beau faire des serments'':20. L'Ange qu'a pourta la nouvello ir d'un menuet:21. Nàutre sian d'enfant de cor ir du ''Traquenard'':22. Tòni, Guihèn, Peiroun elody: ''Tout mon plus grand plaisir'':23. Un bèu matin, veguère uno accouchado elody: ''Tu me défends de publier ma flamme'':24. Cerqués plus dins un marrit establo ir de ''la Bohémienne''
Fourth book, titled "Story of the birth of Jesus Christ" (1670)

:25. Dòu tèms de l'empèri rouman elody: ''Berger, va-t-en à tes moutons'':26. Hòu! de l'oustau! mèstre, mestresso riginal melody:27. Lou queitivié d'aquéu marrit estable elody: ''peut-on douter?'':28. Sus lou coutau elody: ''Dis-moi, Grisel'':29. Lei pastourèu elody: ''Dans ce beau jour'':30. Soun tres ome fort sage elody: ''Je ne m'aperçois guère'':31. Lei Mage dins Jerusalèn elody: ''Non, je ne vous dirai pas'':32. La fe coumando de crèire riginal melody
Fifth book (1671)

:33. Lei plus sage - Dòu vesinage elody: ''Est-on sage?'':34. Lei pastre fan fèsto elody: ''Aimable jeunesse'':35. Sant Jòusè m'a dit elody: ''Noste paure cat'' (Saboly?):36. Ben urouso la neissènço elody: ''Toujours l'amour me tourmente'')
:37. Aque ange qu'es vengu [melody: ''Un jour le berger Tircis'':38. Despièi lou tèms [air de l'Opéra">elody: ''Un jour le berger Tircis''">elody: ''Toujours l'amour me tourmente'')
:37. Aque ange qu'es vengu [melody: ''Un jour le berger Tircis'':38. Despièi lou tèms [air de l'Opéra:39. Se vàutrei sias countènt [melody: ''Vous dirai bèn soun noum'']

Sixth book (1672)

:40. Me siéu plega - E bèn amaga [air du ''Postillon'']
:41. Que disès, mei bon fraire [melody: ''Tout rit dans nos campagnes'']
:42. Jujas un pàu de quinto sorto [melody: ''C'est un plaisir dans le bel âge'']
:43. Uno estello elody: ''La bouteille - Me réveille'':44. Quand la miejo-nue sounavo elody: ''Iéu n'aviéu uno chambriero'':45. Un ange a fa la crido riginal melody
Seventh book (1673)

:46. Pastre dei mountagno ir de ''la Pastouro'':47. Lorsque vous sarés malaut elody: ''Si vous êtes amoureux'':48. Auprès d'aquel estable elody: ''Tan matin sies levado'':49. Adam e sa coumpagno elody: ''Amants, quittez vos chaînes'':50. Jèsu, vous sias tout fioc e flamo elody: ''Siéu pas ama'':51. Pastre, pastresso elody: ''Vàutrei, fiheto, qu'avès de galant'':52. Venès vèire dins l'estable elody: D''ans le fond de ce bocage'':53. Tu que cerques tei delice ic elody: ''Amarante est jeune et belle'':54. Vesès eici moun Nouvelisto nknown melody
Eighth book (1674)

:55. Proufitas-me lèu, bravo bregado elody: ''Changerez-vous donc?'':56. Touro-louro-louro! lou gau canto ir de Bourgogne:57. L'estrange deluge elody: ''Malgré tant d'orages'':58. Vos-tu qu'anen en Betelèn elody: ''Chambriero, te vos-tu louga?'':59. Qu'vòu faire grand journado elody: ''Qu'on passe en douceur sa vie'':60. Segnour, n'es pas resounable elody: ''Jeunes cœurs, laissez-vous prendre'':61. Per vèire la jacènt elody: ''Se Jano me vòu mau'':62. Sortez d'ici, race maudite riginal melody
Additions in the 1704 edition

:63. En sourtènt de l'estable riginal melody:64. Guihaume, Tòni, Pèire riginal melody:65. A la ciéuta de Betelèn riginal melody:66. Un ange dòu cèu es vengu ir dei Boudougno(débute par "Veici lou gros serpènt" dans l'éd. de 1704)
:67. Sus! campanié, revihas-vous ir d'un carillon (Saboly) également attribué à Louis Puech
:68. Noun vous amusés en cansoun nknown melody
Unpublished carols from the Bastide collection

:1. Fau que l'envejo me passe - De rire de tout moun sadou
:2. Vous tourmentès plus lou cervèu
:3. Desespièi l'aubo dòu jour - Iéu ause dire
:4. Iéu siéu Toumas, mai sariéu redicule
:5. La naturo e lou pecat - Soun pire que chin a cat
:6. Viras, viras de carriero - Bèu soulèu

Fragments from the Bastide collection

:7. Sian eici dous enfant de cor
:8. Bourtoumiéu, me vos-tu crèire?
:9. Enfin Diéu es vengu
:10. Se li a quaucun doute
:11. Bonjour, bonjour, bello bregado
:12. Un maset plen d'aragnado
:13. Quinto bugado - Avié fa noste paire Adam

Other carols often attributed to Saboly (partial list)

* À la ciéuta de Betelèn
* Adam qu'ères urous
* Aquel ange qu'es vengu
* Bèn urouso la neissènço
* Bergié qu'abitas dins la plano
* De bon matin pèr la campagno
* De matin ai rescountra lou trin (Domergue)
* Frustèu, esfato ti roupiho
* Iéu, ai moun fifre
* La vèio de Nouvè (Peyrol)
* Revèio-te, Nanan (Bruel)
* Nàutrei sian tres bòumian (Puech)
* Qu'aquéu jour es urous
* Un ange a crida (Peyrol)

Famous carols

* La marche des Rois (attributed to Saboly, but certainly by Joseph-François Domergue)
* La Cambo me fai mau
* La Coupo Santo: the carol composed on ''Guihaume, Tòni, Pèire'' was used with a slight rhythmic variation and words by Frédéric Mistral to make the ''Coupo Santo'', the Provençal anthem.

Opinions about Nicolas Saboly and his work

Notes

Citations

Sources

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Saboly, Nicolas
1614 births
1675 deaths
17th-century French male writers
Occitan-language writers
17th-century French poets
French male composers
Christmas carols
Christmas in France
Writers from the Papal States